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Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Agricultural Products Consumed in South Korea: An Exposure Assessment
SEO, EUNKYOUNG,YOON, YOHAN,KIM, KYEONGYEOL,SHIM, WON-BO,KUZMINA, NINA,OH, KEUM-SOON,LEE, JONG-OK,KIM, DONG-SUL,SUH, JUNGHYUCK,LEE, SOO-HYUNG,CHUNG, KEE-HEY,CHUNG, DUCK-HWA International Association for Food Protection 2009 Journal of food protection Vol.72 No.2
<P>To survey fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in agricultural products consumed in South Korea and provide an exposure assessment, ground samples were extracted (80% MeOH), filtered (0.2 μm), and cleaned up. After evaporation, dry residues were reconstituted in 50% MeOH, and a 50-μl aliquot of this sample was mixed with 200 μl of o-phthaldialdehyde for derivatization. The derivatives were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a fluorescence detector. For validation of the detection procedure, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantification limit were determined. The validated detection method was then used to survey fumonisins in white rice, brown rice, barley, barley tea, beer, wheat flour, millet, dried corn, corn flour, corn tea, canned corn, popcorn, and breakfast cereal. Retention times for FB1 and FB2 standards were 7 and 18 min, respectively. Linearity (R2 = 0.99995 to 0.99998), accuracy (81.47 to 108.83%), precision (2.35 to 5.77), detection limit (25 ng/g or ng/ml), and quantification limit (37 ng/g or ng/ml) indicated that this procedure is capable of quantifying fumonisins in agricultural products. Only FB1-positive samples (5.12%, three dried corn samples and five corn flour samples) were found at 90.89 to 439.67 ng/g. According the survey results, an estimated daily intake of FB1 and FB2 in Korea was 0.087 ng/kg of body weight per day. These results indicate that continuous monitoring of these mycotoxins is necessary to establish appropriate risk assessment, and the maximum tolerable daily intake of fumonisins in Korea is lower than the 2 μg/kg set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization-World Health Organization Expert Committee.</P>
Global and Regional Ventilation during High Flow Nasal Cannula in Patients with Hypoxia
Dong Hyun Lee,Eun Young Kim,Ga Jin Seo,Hee Jung Suh,Jin Won Huh,Sang-Bum Hong,Younsuck Koh,Chae-Man Lim 대한중환자의학회 2018 Acute and Critical Care Vol.33 No.1
Background: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is known to increase global ventilation volume in healthy subjects. We sought to investigate the effect of HFNC on global and regional ventilation patterns in patients with hypoxia. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive one of two oxygen therapies in sequence: nasal cannula (NC) followed by HFNC or HFNC followed by NC. Global and regional ventilation was assessed using electric impedance tomography. Results: Twenty-four patients participated. Global tidal variation (TV) in the lung was higher during HFNC (NC, 2,241 ± 1,381 arbitrary units (AU); HFNC, 2,543 ± 1,534 AU; P < 0.001). Regional TVs for four iso-gravitational quadrants of the lung were also all higher during HFNC than NC. The coefficient of variation for the four quadrants of the lung was 0.90 ± 0.61 during NC and 0.77 ± 0.48 during HFNC (P = 0.035). Within the four gravitational layers of the lung, regional TVs were higher in the two middle layers during HFNC when compared to NC. Regional TV values in the most ventral and dorsal layers of the lung were not higher during HFNC compared with NC. The coefficient of variation for the four gravitational layers of the lung were 1.00 ± 0.57 during NC and 0.97 ± 0.42 during HFNC (P = 0.574). Conclusions: In patients with hypoxia, ventilation of iso-gravitational regions of the lung during HFNC was higher and more homogenized compared with NC. However, ventilation of gravitational layers increased only in the middle layers. (Clinical trials registration number: NCT02943863).
( Dong-min Kim ),( Jun-won Seo ),( Yuri Kim ),( Uni Park ),( Na-young Ha ),( Hyoree Park ),( Na Ra Yun ),( Da Young Kim ),( Sung Ho Yoon ),( Yong Sub Na ),( Do Sik Moon ),( Sung-chul Lim ),( Choon-mee 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.1
Background/Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the different degrees of pneumonia severity in patients with COVID-19 remain elusive. This study provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with eosinophil-mediated inflammation. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of three patients with laboratory and radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Chosun University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data on inflammatory cell lung infiltration and cytokine levels in patients with COVID-19 were collected. Results: Cytological analysis of sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from all three patients revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), such as eosinophils and neutrophils. All sputum and BALF specimens contained high levels of eosinophil cationic proteins. The infiltration of PMNs into the lungs, together with elevated levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells in BALF and peripheral blood samples from patients with severe pneumonia in the acute phase was confirmed by flow cytometry. Conclusions: These results suggest that the lungs of COVID-19 patients can exhibit eosinophil-mediated inflammation, together with an elevated NKT cell response, which is associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Characteristics of rhombohedral (3R) structure of α-In2Se3 nanosheets by mechanical exfoliation
Dong Hyun Seo,Ju Won Kim,Jin-Hoo Seong,Hyo-Chang Lee,Sang-il Kim,TaeWan Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2024 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.20 No.2
The mechanically exfoliated ultrathin 3R α-In 2 Se 3 nanosheets were transferred onto a SiO 2 /Si substrate. Using atomicforce microscopy, it was confi rmed that the transferred α-In 2 Se 3 transferred had a thickness of 15–120 nm. The thicknessdependenceof Raman peaks of E2 , A11 , E4 , and A21 was observed from the Raman spectra. Moreover, the measured photoluminescencepeak values in the range of 869–895 nm indicate a blue shift as the thickness decreases. The fi eld-eff ect transistorbased on α-In 2 Se 3 exhibited an n-type semiconductor behavior. From the transfer curve at gate voltage of 10 V, the derivedvalues of the mobility and ON/OFF ratio are 24.26 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 and 1.84, respectively. In addition, it was confi rmed thatthe 3R α-In 2 Se 3 layers had a high photoresponsivity of up to approximately 34,500 A/W under illumination ( = 750 nm).