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Chinese Tourist’s Goals, Expectation and Confirmation in Korea: Importance-Performances Analysis
Lee,Un-Kon,Shi,Yanchao,Dong,Ximei 한국상품학회 2019 商品學硏究 Vol.37 No.2
Many Chinese tourists visit in Korea, but somebody complains that his expectation has not be fulfilled in Korea. We performed the importance-performance analysis to find the gaps between Chinese tourists expectation and confirmation in the various tourism goals. Results indicate that all values of expectations and performances are higher than the median value of 4 in each tourism goal and such tourism goals as Safety and K-wave are elected as the critical area which needs promotion to attract the more Chinese tourists in Korea. This paper could contribute to provide the basic information to make the tourism promotion strategy for Korean tourism agencies.
백삼의 건조와 가용성 성분 추출에 미치는 pulsed electric fields(PEF)의 효과
임정호(Jeong Ho Lim),심재민(Jae Min Shim),이동언(Dong Un Lee1),김영호(Young Ho Kim),박기재(Kee-Jai Park) 한국식품과학회 2012 한국식품과학회지 Vol.44 No.6
식품의 가공공정에서 투입되는 에너지의 절감을 위한 방안으로 대표적이 농산물 건조제품인 인삼의 건조과정에서 PEF를 처리함으로써 건조효율에 미치는 영향과 PEF를 처리하여 건조한 인삼인 백삼의 열수 추출과정에서의 추출효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 4년근 수삼을 2 kV/cm, 200 Hz, 7초의 조건으로 PEF를 처리하여 55±1℃에서 건조한 결과 건조시간을 약 38% 단축시킬 수 있는 결과를 얻었다. 건조한 백삼을 95±1℃로 추출한 결과 무처리에 비해 2 kV/cm, 25 Hz, 7초간 PEF 처리한 건조 백삼, 2 kV/cm, 200 Hz, 7초간 PEF 처리하여 건조한 백삼의 열수 추출물의 고형분 함량, 환원당 함량, 유리당 함량 등에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으나 당도와 진세노사이드 함량에서는 부분적인 유의적 차이만을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 감안할 때 수삼에 PEF를 처리함으로써 건조시간을 효과적으로 단축시킬 수 있고 추출시에도 가용성 고형분의 추출시간을 단축할 수 있는 유용한 수단이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pulsed electric fields on the drying of ginseng and extraction of dried ginseng to reduce energy-consumption. Fresh ginseng was treated in a PEF system of 1 and 2 kV/cm electric field strength, 25 and 200 Hz of frequency, 30 μs of pulse width and pulse number of 175. The samples were subsequently dried for 26 h at 55±1℃, and the characteristic of hot-water extraction on dried ginseng was investigated. The ginseng pretreated with an intensity of 2 kV/cm (200 Hz, n=175) resulted in a reduction of approximately 38% for drying time. The influence of PEF treatment on the water extraction of dried ginseng at 95±1℃ was also investigated. The application of an electric field intensity of 2 kV/cm (25 and 200 Hz, n=175) increased soluble solid content, significantly reducing sugar content and free sugar content of the extract compared to non-PEF-treated samples.
Effect of Highly Pressurized Hydrogen Gas Charging on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of API X70 Steel
Dong-Su Bae,Chi-Eun Sung1,Hyun-Ju Bang,Sang-Pill Lee,Jin-Kyung Lee,In-Soo Son,조영래,Un-Bong Baek,Seung-HoonNahm 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.4
During the use of API X70 steel as a pipeline structural material for the transportation of natural gas,hydrogen embrittlement can occur due to the hydrogen contained in natural gas. The aim of this study is toinvestigate the effects of the hydrogen content under high-pressure hydrogen gas conditions on the hydrogenembrittlement of air-cooled API X70 steel. The air-cooled API X70 steel was manufactured by hot rollingand was then air-cooled to room temperature. Tensile test specimens were held for 0 h, 1000 h, and 2000 hwithin a pressure vessel filled with 100% hydrogen gas at a gas pressure of 10 MPa, with the tensile teststhen performed at room temperature. The microstructure of the API X70 steel consists of coarse polygonalferrite, coarse pearlite, and fine acicular ferrite. The yield and tensile strength increased and elongationdecreased considerably after a holding time of 2000 h compared to those of 0 h and 1000 h within the pressurevessel. The morphology of the fracture surface changed from ductile to brittle upon hydrogen gas charging. Secondary cracks were observed in both of the hydrogen-gas-charged specimens. No external cracks wereformed on the surface of the tensile-tested specimen with a 0 h holding time; however, many external crackswere observed on the specimen surface subjected to hydrogen gas charging.
Likelihood based inference for the shape parameter of Pareto Distribution
Lee, Jae-Un,Lee, Woo-Dong 한국데이터정보과학회 2008 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.19 No.4
In this paper, when the parameter of interest is the shape parameter in Pareto distribution, we develop likelihood based inference for this parameter. Specially, we develop signed log-likelihood ratio statistic and the modified signed log-likelihood ratio statistic for the shape parameter. It is well-known that as sample size grows, the modified signed log-likelihood ratio statistic converges to standard normal distribution faster than the signed log-likelihood ratio statistic. But the computation of the modified signed log-likelihood statistic is hard or even impossible when the sufficient statistics and the ancillary statistics are not clear. In this case, one can consider an approximation to the modified signed log-likelihood statistic. Specially, when the parameter of interest is informationally orthogonal to the nuisance parameters, we propose the approximate modified signed log-likelihood statistic. Through simulation, we investigate the performances of the proposed statistics with the signed log-likelihood statistic.
Generalized characteristic polynomials of semi-zigzag product of a graph and circulant graphs
Lee, Jae-Un,Kim, Dong-Seok 한국데이터정보과학회 2008 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.19 No.4
We find the generalized characteristic polynomial of graphs G($F_{1},F_{2},{\cdots},F_{v}$) the semi-zigzag product of G and ${\{F_{i}\}^{v}_{i=1}$ obtained from G by replacing vertices by circulant graphs of vertices and joining $F_{i}$'s along the edges of G. These graphs contain discrete tori and are key examples in the study of network model.
Lee, Han-Byoel,Kang, Un-Beom,Moon, Hyeong-Gon,Lee, Jiwoo,Lee, Kyung-Min,Yi, Minju,Park, Yong Sun,Lee, Jong Won,Yu, Jong-Han,Choi, Seung Ho,Cho, Sang Heon,Lee, Cheolju,Han, Wonshik,Noh, Dong-Young Potamitis Press 2015 Anticancer research Vol.35 No.11
<P>We aimed to develop a plasma protein signature for breast cancer diagnosis by using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based mass spectrometry.</P>
Lee, Nam Kyung,Kim, Suk,Kim, Gwang Ha,Kim, Dong Uk,Seo, Hyung Il,Kim, Tae Un,Kang, Dae Hwan,Jang, Ho Jin WJG Press 2012 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.18 No.31
<P>Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a well established method for the evaluation of intracranial diseases, such as acute stroke. DWI for extracranial application is more difficult due to physiological motion artifacts and the heterogeneous composition of the organs. However, thanks to the newer technical development of DWI, DWI has become increasingly used over the past few years in extracranial organs including the abdomen and pelvis. Most previous studies of DWI have been limited to the evaluation of diffuse parenchymal abnormalities and focal lesions in abdominal organs, whereas there are few studies about DWI for the evaluation of the biliopancreatic tract. Although further studies are needed to determine its performance in evaluating bile duct, gallbladder and pancreas diseases, DWI has potential in the assessment of the functional information on the biliopancreatic tract concerning the status of tissue cellularity, because increased cellularity is associated with impeded diffusion, as indicated by a reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient. The detection of malignant lesions and their differentiation from benign tumor-like lesions in the biliopancreatic tract could be improved using DWI in conjunction with findings obtained with conventional magnetic resonance cholagiopancreatography. Additionally, DWI can be useful for the assessment of the biliopancreatic tract in patients with renal impairment because contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance scans should be avoided in these patients.</P>
Photopatternable and refractive-index-tunable solegel-derived silicaetitania nanohybrid materials
Dong Jun Kang,Go Un Park,Hyeon Hwa Lee,Hoyyul Park,박장웅 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.8
Silicaetitania nanohybrid materials were synthesized using functionalized organosilanes and organically chelated titanium alkoxide in a simple solegel process. The synthesized silicaetitania nanohybrid materials exhibited good solution processability and homogeneous dispersion without any phase separation regardless of the ratio of the mixture of the two components. The silicaetitania nanohybrid materials exhibited good photoinitiator solubility and effective photocurability with a high degree of degree under ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Because of their high photocurability and solution processability, the silica etitania nanohybrid materials were readily converted into silicaetitania nanohybrid films and were used for direct photopatterning without requiring the developing process used in the photomask method. In particular, the refractive indices of the silicaetitania nanohybrid materials could be decreased by decreasing the content of chelated titanium alkoxide in the materials. Moreover, the silicaetitania nanohybrid films exhibited high transmittance in the visible wavelength range, and their surface roughnesses were very smooth, exhibiting values <1 nm. On the basis of these observations, the fabricated silicaetitania nanohybrid materials can be used in solution-processable materials for producing optical and electro-optical elements.
Lee, Nam Kyung,Kim, Suk,Kim, Hyun Sung,Jeon, Tae Yong,Kim, Gwang Ha,Kim, Dong Uk,Park, Do Youn,Kim, Tae Un,Kang, Dae Hwan WJG Press 2011 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.17 No.43
<P>Various mucin-producing neoplasms originate in different abdominal and pelvic organs. Mucinous neoplasms differ from non-mucinous neoplasms because of the differences in clinical outcome and imaging appearance. Mucinous carcinoma, in which at least 50% of the tumor is composed of large pools of extracellular mucin and columns of malignant cells, is associated with a worse prognosis. Signet ring cell carcinoma is characterized by large intracytoplasmic mucin vacuoles that expand in the malignant cells with the nucleus displaced to the periphery. Its prognosis is also generally poor. In contrast, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct and pancreas, which is characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelium and variable mucin production, has a better prognosis than other malignancies in the pancreaticobiliary tree. Imaging modalities play a critical role in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous neoplasms. Due to high water content, mucin has a similar appearance to water on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, except when thick and proteinaceous, and then it tends to be hypoechoic with fine internal echoes or have complex echogenicity on US, hyperdense on CT, and hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images, compared to water. Therefore, knowledge of characteristic mucin imaging features is helpful to diagnose various mucin-producing neoplastic conditions and to facilitate appropriate treatment.</P>