Animalized Asians in Li-Young Lee`s “The Cleaving” and Myung Mi Kim’s Poetics of Commons

( Dae Joong Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2013 영어 영문학 Vol.59 No.3

This paper aims to address Asian (im)migrants` animalized or Otherized humanity and representations of humanity transposed to animlaity in two poets` poems (Li-Young Lee and Myung Mi Kim) which jointly create a constellation that provides a universal picture of Asians in oppressive history. By this analysis, this paper endeavors to envision two cross-ethnic and cross-aesthetic relations between Li-Young Lee`s commonplace of animalized Asians and Myung Mi Kim`s poetics of commons. Li-Young Lee`s poem, “Cleaving” raises a fundamental question of historicity related to beings` facticity and visualizes, as an ontological de-hierarchization, death as commonly relational ethos of all beings. By these fundamental question and visualization Lee posits this imagery of history and universal Being to physical and spiritual imageries of immigrants; in turn, Lee ends his poem with an image of gathering of all different immigrants into a common place or a ring where the alterity on their faces requires ethical responsibility. Myung Mi Kim`s poems, relational and experimental, draw a constellation which delivers ideas about animalized humanity in the context of global violence such as wars and colonization of Korea and other nations. This paper especially focuses two long poems from her Commons which can be read as a manifesto of her poetics. This paper also shows how Myung Mi Kim traces Western philosophies, aesthetics, and their spirits by forming commons as a literary space of a community through the rhythm of historicity from which she envisages a space of errancy or a trans-spatial experience.

신체유물론적 시각에서 본 심대윤의 ‘노동 옹호 윤리학’

김대중 ( Kim Dae-joong ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2020 民族文化硏究 Vol.88 No.-

본 논문은 신체유물론적 시각에서 심대윤(沈大允, 1806-1872)의 복리사상(福利思想)을 탐색한다. ‘신체유물론’은 말 그대로 인간의 ‘몸’, 인간의 동물성과 신체 활동에 주안점을 둔 것이다. 흔히 심대윤의 복리사상은 이익 추구를 인간의 자연스러운 본성으로 긍정한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그런데 이익을 산출하는 것은 노동 행위이고 노동은 곧 육체 행위이다. 따라서 ‘이익 추구’보다 선차적 중요성을 갖는 것은 ‘몸’과 ‘노동’이다. 본고는 인간의 ‘몸’과 ‘노동’에 대한 심대윤의 사유에 주목하여, 일단 심대윤 자신의 노동 체험을 다각도로 분석한 다음, 심대윤의 ‘육체 긍정 사상’ 및 ‘노동 옹호 사상’을 살펴보고, 심대윤 사상의 서민적 지향을 두루 조망한다. 이런 사상적 면모는 제작자의 유물론적 감수성 및 생활 감각을 투영한 것으로 판단되는바, 인간의 육체성 및 신체활동에 대한 풍부한 사유를 내장하고 있다는 점에서 주목된다. This paper explores the welfare ideas of Shim Dae-yun (沈大允, 1806-1872) from the perspective of soma-materialism. Soma-materialism focuses on the human body, animality and physical activity. It is frequently mentioned that Shim regarded the pursuit of profit as a human nature. But it is labor that produces profits and labor is a physical act. Therefore it is body and labor that have preponderance importance over profit-seeking. Focusing on Shim’s ideas about human body and labor, this paper first analyzes Shim’s own labor experience from various perspectives, then examines Shim’s thought of body and labor, and investigates traces of mentality of ordinary people and working-class projected in Shim’s thought. Through these discussions, it is judged that Shim’s thought has various ideas about human body and show materialistic consciousness well.

논문 : 『시경(詩經)』『큰 쥐(碩鼠)』와 김시습의 「큰 쥐」 비교 연구

김대중 ( Dae Joong Kim ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2013 민족문학사연구 Vol.51 No.-

본고는 김시습(金時習, 1435∼1493)의 「큰 쥐(碩鼠)」와 『시경(詩經)』 「큰 쥐」의 비 교 연구이다. 김시습의 「큰 쥐」는 『시경』「큰 쥐」에 바탕을 둔다. 따라서 김시습이 『시경』의 어떤 전통을 자각적으로 계승했는지, 그와 동시에 어떤 창의적인 전변(轉變)을 이루 었는지, 김시습의 「큰 쥐」는 『시경』「큰 쥐」에 비해 어떤 변별적인 특징을 갖는지 등등을 구체적으로 밝히기 위해서는 두 작품 간의 비교 고찰이 필요하다. 비교 연구의 궁극적인 목표는 현실 비판시를 새롭게 인식하기 위한 연구 방법을 모색하는 것이다. 과거에 민족문학론이 힘을 얻었을 때 현실 비판시에 대한 연구는 활기를 띠었지만 이제는 그렇지 않다. 본고는 이런 상황에서 현실 비판시를 『시경』이라는 고전적 전통과의 관계 속에서 재인식하기 위한 시도이다. This is a comparative study on Kim si-seup(金時習, 1435∼1493)`s ``Big Mouse``(碩鼠) and the poetry of the same title included in the Book of Poetry(詩經). Kim`s ``Big Mouse`` is based upon ``Big Mouse`` of the Book of Poetry. Therefore, it is necessary to compare these two works in order to explain how Kim appropriated the literary tradition of the Book of Poetry, and what the peculiarity of Kim`s ``Big Mouse`` is. The ultimate aim of this study is to investigate new methodology which can help new understanding of critical poetry written in classical Chinese during Choseon period. When the realistic literary theory based on counter-nationalism got wide consent, many scholars studied the critical poetry written in classical Chinese during Choseon period. But such studies are seldom found nowadays. This study is an attempt to reconsider critical poetry written in classical Chinese during Choseon period in relation to classical tradition.

De-subjectification and Meaning of Faceless Other in The English Patient

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper aims to explore Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient to find how modern subjectivity and modern art have proved to be exhaustible through modern history and modern art history by closely reading the novel with theoretical scaffoldings including Deleuze and Guattari's idea of nomadism and de-subjecitification and the contextualization between life and book. On the surface level, the novel adopts a detective/war plot but severely maimed face of the English patient, the protagonist, is the focal point in this novel inquiring what the meaning of this erased faciality is. In fact, the English patient's face, a metaphor of the corporeal book and the history, figuratively links to the geography and geology of the Western-centered fascism and resistance. The English patient at first chooses absolute deterritorialization but his nomadic journey fails as he becomes obsessed with possession of Katherine. Yet, the English patient's persistent efforts to disguise himself also opens a way of communication to heal not only his trauma but other characters'. Through these analysis and arguments, this paper intimates that de-subjectification through communicating Others via corporeal metaphor embodies true nomadism.

Meaning of Crossing Borderlines and Differential Movement in Chicana Literature

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper aims to deliberately describe and critically review the genealogy of Chicana literature, especially novels, via Chicana theorists’ critical lens―Emma Perez’s ‘decolonial imagination’ and Chela Sandoval’s ‘Methodology of the Oppressed.’ Tracing Chicana literary history, I will first of all analyze a groundbreaking novel, Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought it?, which has been regarded as one of the groundbreaking major Chicana literary texts. In turn, I will analyze another historical Chicana literary and critical text, Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera utilizing Emma Perez’s theory. Through this analysis, I will probe deeply into the meaning of crossing imaginary, ideological and real borderlines across racism, colonialism, and sexism for Chicana writers. In the last section, I will interpret Norma Elia Cantu’s Canicula-Snapshots of a Girlhood with theoretical scaffolding of Chela Sandoval’s semiotic critique. The images and written texts in this experimental pseudo -memoir semiotically deconstruct ideologies of the U.S. where only white mythology dominates. After all, I envision a literary constellation where borders become emblem in which Chicana’s voices resonate with other ethnic women writers’ memories.

신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

Teaching and Learning Ethico-ontology from Light in August in Globalized Pre-service Education

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

This paper explores and examines the meaning of teaching and learning through a critical recounting of my own experience teaching William Faulkner's novel, Light in August, to Korean pre-service graduate students from the English Education Department in order to test ethico-ontological pedagogy. Also, I try to propose students' differentiated perception and understanding of education contextualized with ethical inquiries of humanity and the political inquiries of social justice. Here, I claim that teaching literature opens and transcends students normal everyday experience to guide them, if painfully, to confront challenging ethical and political questions of education in the differential space created through imagination. William Faulkner's American South in the 1930s in Light in August presents a differential space that transcends Korean graduate students' experience upon which unfolds the shaky ground of humanity and meaning of social justice.

Race Out of Joint: (Im)possibility of Post-raciality

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, I contend that post-raciality is a strategically- created ideological fantasy that blocks people from opening their eyes wide to behold the truth of the discursive network of such ideological state apparatuses as colonialism, gender, class, xenophobia, raciality, global capitalism, etc. The debates surrounding the possibility and accountability of post-Obama raciality, post-raciality, post-racial liberalism, or colorblindness have many discursive fronts. I examine a few of these fronts using several theorists’ contention over the meaning of post-raciality; and then, I discuss how problematic the post-racial discourses can be. Michel Foucault discusses how the state made use of racism to establish nationalism and national conflicts as an ironical strategy to keep national unity. Etienne Balibar argues for a ‘differential racism’ that applies traditional racial categorization and strategies of oppression to new immigrants or migrants. Omi and Winant maintain that the race has been formed by the racial state whose foundation itself is linked to the history of racism (racial dictatorship) and racial movement (racial democracy) that resist it. Paul Gilory points out the operation of the same bio-politics in the discourse of race, while he fully embraces the idea of post-raciality as the global racial reality. Yet, Gilroy’s audacious challenges against the significance of race in the postmodern culture sounds only partially legitimate. Reading through those theories, in this paper I argue that post-raciality is an ideological fantasy that hover over the dark racial reality where white supremacy and differential racism work.

The Machine and Garden in Almanac of the Dead

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

This paper aims for comparison of the origin of European American's ideologies as they appear in the writings of early European colonialists and the Native American's criticism about them in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead. To discuss the ideologies, I call them the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies. The terms were first used by Leo Marx in his The Machine in the Garden to criticize ideologies of American society from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. In Almanac of the Dead, the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies have become extreme individualism, racial discrimination and manipulative industrial capitalism, which result in tragedy for all the characters. However, these ideological apparatuses are imploded by three functions of the almanac that represents the power of Native American history. The almanac in Almanac of the Dead fulfills has three functions. First, it connects the small narratives and disrupts the Euro-American ideologies and discourses in terms of the ecological point of view. Second, the almanac reveals the minorities' lost identities. Third, the almanac symbolizes the solidarity which minorities must forge to destroy Euro-American manipulative colonialism.

치아 수복용 불소함유 glass filler의 제조 및 특성

김대성,최세영,김경남,김광만,김중곤 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was the reaching test of restorative glass according to composition. Mixtures of SrF₂, CaF₂and SiO₂were fused in platinum crucible. The glasses were ground and fraction which passed through a 400 mesh (38㎛) sieve were collected. The powder specimens were analyzed by a DTA and XRD. Then powder specimen were inserted to D. I. water with various of dissolution time and composition at 37℃. Fluoride ion, cation release, solubility, and pH change were estimated. It was clear that the glasses were formed except S0.65. In S0.40, Tg, Ts, and Tc were 630, 672, and 813℃ respectively. In initial 0.5 hrs., amounts of released fluoride ion and cation were about 90% of total released amounts and released rate was decreased with dissolution time. Amount of released fluoride ion and cation were increased with decreasing SiO₂ in glass filler. And released rate was decreased rapidly by adding CaF₂. This was caused by structural variation in glass filler. Solubility was similar tendency with ion released. The pH of D.I. water was 4.5. But in intial 0.5 hrs., pH was 8.2∼9.8., and decreased according to dissolution time. This is caused by ionic changing with cation and H* ion.