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IMPROVEMENT OF FATIGUE LIFE IN POST-WELD COLD WORKED ALUMINUM RESISTANT SPOT WELDS
D. KIM,D. M. BLAKE,S. J. RYU,B. S. LIM 한국자동차공학회 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.5
Aluminum Resistance Spot Weld (Al RSW) is an enabling technology for body assembly of low mass fraction vehicles. Due to the unreliable durability of spot-welded joints, applications of Al RSW are limited. This study presents experimental investigation on the use of a post-weld cold working process to improve the fatigue strength of Al RSW. The post-weld cold working process includes special shaped indenters that are pressed or driven into the structure to induce compressive residual stresses. The mechanical properties of the post-weld cold worked Al RSW were investigated, including the experimental results of fatigue and micro-hardness tests. Comparisons of the mechanical properties and qualitative results between the as-welded RSW specimens and the post-weld cold worked RSW specimens are discussed. The post-weld cold worked Al RSW samples had an increase in both microhardness and fatigue life.
IMPROVEMENT OF FATIGUE LIFE IN POST-WELD COLD WORKED ALUMINUM RESISTANT SPOT WELDS
Kim, D.,Blake, D.M.,Ryu, S.J.,Lim, B.S. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.5
Aluminum Resistance Spot Weld(Al RSW) is an enabling technology for body assembly of low mass fraction vehicles. Due to the unreliable durability of spot-welded joints, applications of Al RSW are limited. This study presents experimental investigation on the use of a post-weld cold working process to improve the fatigue strength of Al RSW. The post-weld cold working process includes special shaped indenters that are pressed or driven into the structure to induce compressive residual stresses. The mechanical properties of the post-weld cold worked Al RSW were investigated, including the experimental results of fatigue and micro-hardness tests. Comparisons of the mechanical properties and qualitative results between the as-welded RSW specimens and the post-weld cold worked RSW specimens are discussed. The post-weld cold worked Al RSW samples had an increase in both microhardness and fatigue life.
Gastrointestinal microbiota alteration induced by Mucor circinelloides in a murine model
Katherine D. Mueller,Hao Zhang,Christian R. Serrano,R. Blake Billmyre,Eun Young Huh,Philipp Wiemann,Nancy P. Keller,Yufeng Wang,Joseph Heitman,Soo Chan Lee 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.6
Mucor circinelloides is a pathogenic fungus and etiologic agent of mucormycosis. In 2013, cases of gastrointestinal illness after yogurt consumption were reported to the US FDA, and the producer found that its products were contaminated with Mucor. A previous study found that the Mucor strain isolated from an open contaminated yogurt exhibited virulence in a murine systemic infection model and showed that this strain is capable of surviving passage through the gastrointestinal tract of mice. In this study, we isolated another Mucor strain from an unopened yogurt that is closely related but distinct from the first Mucor strain and subsequently examined if Mucor alters the gut microbiota in a murine host model. DNA extracted from a ten-day course of stool samples was used to analyze the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice exposed via ingestion of Mucor spores. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 sequences obtained were used to identify taxa of each kingdom. Linear regressions revealed that there are changes in bacterial and fungal abundance in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice which ingested Mucor. Furthermore, we found an increased abundance of the bacterial genus Bacteroides and a decreased abundance of the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the gastrointestinal tracts of exposed mice. Measurements of abundances show shifts in relative levels of multiple bacterial and fungal taxa between mouse groups. These findings suggest that exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to Mucor can alter the microbiota and, more importantly, illustrate an interaction between the intestinal mycobiota and bacteriota. In addition, Mucor was able to induce increased permeability in epithelial cell monolayers in vitro, which might be indicative of unstable intestinal barriers. Understanding how the gut microbiota is shaped is important to understand the basis of potential methods of treatment for gastrointestinal illness. How the gut microbiota changes in response to exposure, even by pathogens not considered to be causative agents of food-borne illness, may be important to how commercial food producers prevent and respond to contamination of products aimed at the public. This study provides evidence that the fungal microbiota, though understudied, may play an important role in diseases of the human gut.
Farrow, Blake,Hong, Sung A,Romero, Errika C.,Lai, Bert,Coppock, Matthew B.,Deyle, Kaycie M.,Finch, Amethist S.,Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.,Agnew, Heather D.,Yang, Sung,Heath, James R. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.10
<P>We report on a robust and sensitive approach for detecting protective antigen (PA) exotoxin from <I>Bacillus anthracis</I> in complex media. A peptide-based capture agent against PA was developed by improving a bacteria display-developed peptide into a highly selective biligand through <I>in situ</I> click screening against a large, chemically synthesized peptide library. This biligand was coupled with an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing nanostructured gold electrodes. The resultant assay yielded a limit of detection of PA of 170 pg/mL (2.1 pM) in buffer, with minimal sensitivity reduction in 1% serum. The powdered capture agent could be stably stored for several days at 65 °C, and the full electrochemical biosensor showed no loss of performance after extended storage at 40 °C. The engineered stability and specificity of this assay should be extendable to other cases in which biomolecular detection in demanding environments is required.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-10/nn404296k/production/images/medium/nn-2013-04296k_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn404296k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Neural Activity Reflecting Perceptual Awareness of Biologically Relevant Events
김채연,Emily D. Grossman,Randolph Blake 한국인지및생물심리학회 2013 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.25 No.2
Humans are remarkably good at interpreting the identity and intentions of other people based on “body language” - dynamic cues portraying bodily movements. Befitting the important social significance of this perceptual ability, the human brain contains neural machinery uniquely responsive to the kinematics specifying human activity, including “biological motion” portrayed using just a small number of motion tokens specifying articulations of the body and limbs. We have established stimulus conditions that dissociate neural activity produced by presentation of biological events outside of conscious awareness from neural activity associated with conscious visual awareness of those events. We have used those stimulus conditions in concert with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural responses in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STSp), a crucial component in the neural network believed to underlie perception of biological motion. STSp was activated only when people actually perceived biological events and not when those events were registered outside of conscious awareness. These results provide direct evidence in support of the growing conviction that STSp, situated uniquely at the confluence of dorsal and ventral stream pathways, is intimately involved in actual perception of biologically relevant events.
Mass composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with the Telescope Array Surface Detector data
Abbasi, R. U.,Abe, M.,Abu-Zayyad, T.,Allen, M.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J. W.,Bergman, D. R.,Blake, S. A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B. G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,di Matteo, A.,Fujii, T.,Fujita, K.,Fukushim American Physical Society 2019 Physical review. D Vol.99 No.2
KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: testing the cosmological model with the EG statistic
Amon, A,Blake, C,Heymans, C,Leonard, C D,Asgari, M,Bilicki, M,Choi, A,Erben, T,Glazebrook, K,Harnois-Dé,raps, J,Hildebrandt, H,Hoekstra, H,Joachimi, B,Joudaki, S,Kuijken, K,Lidman, C,Loveday, J Oxford University Press 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.479 No.3