Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

지역 이벤트 및 레져 스포츠에 대한 웹마케팅 욕구에 대한 소비행동

조충현,양재철,연규한 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2002 體力科學硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Recently are event and sport degree of satisfaction by sports consumer behavior is emerging as a alternative tourism in korea like other part of world. So many korean researchers are getting interested in this field. The central government and local government also have their interests in are event and sport for activating their economy. Because are event and sport has a advantage to enhance the national·local area's image, to attract visitors from other area or nations. But the study of are event and sport has been rarely accomplished, compared with the increasing importance of are event and sport. Futhermore, the studies has been primarily focused on commercialization of events for the sports information products. Now we need to lift our concern to are event and sports information user's satisfaction from that kinds of researchs. We have to regard are event and sports information user's as a consumer of our events. That's so important to get the high position in planning, marketing events, because the more we know about sports events and sports information user's mind, the more the possibility we have to succeed. As we know, the consumer satisfaction is the most important factor of the success of are sports events. So this study is done in the basic idea that are event and sports information user's is a kind of sports consumers behavior. The data analysis methods of this study are Frequency Analysis, Independent Group t Inspection, One-way ANOVA(Post Inspection: duncan', p<.05), Interrelation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and use the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

스포츠 센터 회원의 이용만족도에 관한 분석

조충현,연규한 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2002 體力科學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

This study is aimed at theoretically investigating the satisfaction of sports center members and, based on the findings, conducting in parallel a practical study to introduce a marketing concept in sports activities. For this purpose, a survey with questionnaires was made to the members of sports centers located in Jeonbuk provincial area. The findings of the survey are summarized as follows: First, from the analysis into satisfaction of sports center members using facilities by sex, male members showed statistically more significant response of satisfaction to lobby, sports program and health diagnosis program than females, while both seemed to be unsatisfied with admission fees. There was no significant difference in satisfaction between sexes regarding parking lot and hygiene. Second, from the analysis by age, the members responded satisfactorily to the contents and health diagnosis program with statistically significant difference. However, there was no significant difference in the satisfaction with locker room, lobby, parking lot and items of instruments. Third, from the analysis into satisfaction depending on incomes of members, there was statistically significant difference in lobby, hygiene and program contents. The members seemed to be satisfied with lobby and contents but not satisfied with hygiene.

잔디 생육에 대한 미량원소의 효과

조현종,진선재,정종배 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

미량원소 복합비료의 처리에 따른 한국 들잔디의 생육에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 미량원소 복합비료는 0,6.7 및 11.2 kg/10a의 3수준으로 처리하였으며, 시비 후 2주 및 4주 째에 각각 생육, 토양과 잔디 잎중의 유효태 미량원소의 함량 및 잎중의 엽록소 함량을 조사하였다. 미량원소 복합비료의 처리로 토양과 잔디 잎중에서 유효태 미량요소 함량중에서 Fe와 Zn 함량이 표준구와 배비구에서 증가하였으며, 토양중 Cn 함량은 배비구에서만 증가하였다. 잔디 잎중에서 Cu와 Mn의 함량은 4주째에 배비구에서 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다. 잔디 잎중의 엽록소 함량은 2주 및 4주째에 무비구에 비하여 표준구와 배비구 모두에서 증가하였으나, 표준구와 배비구의 엽록소 함량 차이는 유의성이 없었다. 잔디 생육은 무비구에 비하여 미량원소의 처리로 통계적으로 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으며, 표준구와 비교하여 배비구에서 생육이 증가하였으나 유의정은 없었다. 미량원소 복합비료의 처리로 토양중의 유효태 함량이 증가함에 따라 식물 체내 이들 미량원소 함량이 증가하고 이는 식물의 과합성을 비롯한 체내 대사과정을 촉진함으로써 잔디의 생육뿐만 아니라 색상을 향상시키는데 효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on the growth and chlorophyll content of turfgrass. The STEP HiMag, micronutrient fertilizer, was applied on turfgrass field in Daegu University at three different rates, 0, 6.7 and 11.2 ㎏/10a. Available micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) content in soil and turfgrass blade and chlorophyll content and growth of turfgrass were measured 2 and 4 weeks after the fertilizer application. Content of the available micronutrients in soil was significantly increased by the application of micronutrient fertilizer and also the nutrient content in turfgrass blades was increased. Chlorophyll content was significantly higher in the turfgrass blades treated with the fertilizer in comparison to the control treatment (P>0.05). The average growth of turfgrass was higher in the plots of micronutrient fertilizer, and the growth was significantly different (P>0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that fertilization of essential micronutrients is necessary in sandy soils of turfgrass land and can improve the turfgrass growth.

계단상승 시 몸통각도에 따른 운동학적 요인과 지면반력 변화

조현영,정남주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical and ground reaction force variables according to the trunk lean[type A : 0~4deg., type B : 6~12deg.) during the stair ascent. For thi experiment, the stair structure was made and AMTI force plate was installed on the second and third stepping. Each motion was videotaped and digitalized with five video cameras to calculated the kinematical variables, and at the same time collected the ground reaction force. As a result, the following findings were obtained: 1. It was found that gait cycle of the type A was longer than type B, but ratio of the stance and swing to the gait cycle was similar to each other. Also it was found that stair ascent of the type A was more effective than that type B in the lower extremity motion. 2. It was found that stair ascent of the type A in the vertical and antero-posterior ground reaction force variables was more effective than that type B in that ascending the body weight.

麗末·鮮初에 있어서 「小學」普及의 政治的 意義

鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1988 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

In order to understand the political characteristics in the end of Koryeo and the begnning of Yi Dynasty, we need to examine into the question how Neo-Confucianism was taught and spread among the people in that period. It is generally accepted that Hsiao-hsiieh is a guide to the active principle of Neo-Confucianism. So, in this paper I will examine for what reason the text was introduced into and spread far and wide among the people in that period. and I will try to search for the political function following from it's teaching upon the people. Chu-hsi edited the text for the purpose of teaching the basic principles of his neo-Confucianism to people. The text were introduced into the Korean Peninsula in the end of Koryeo Dynasty. Being recommended and encouraged the people to study in the beginning of Yi Dynasty which was based on the Neo-Confucianism, Hsiao-hsiieh were all over the land. Especially the ruling class held the text in high esteem. The text were for a guide not only to the study of Neo-Confucianism but also to recreate it's people and their communities into the pattern prescribed in it. Therefore the society of Yi Dynasty inclined toward Confucianism. Also, the text made a great contribution to build up political consciousness of the people. Hsiao-hsiieh helped to establish royal authority, the idea of morality, and political collectivization. On the other hand the text brought about political consciousness of blind obedience, a kind of political indifference or a negative way of thinking on political phenomena.

스포츠센터 소비자의 고객충성도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 서비스 품질과 서비스 가치를 중심으로 Centered on the quality and value of services

정의권,최영진,조현철 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2002 體育硏究 Vol.- No.17

This study centers on the quality and value of services perceived by consumers regarding factors that affect customer loyalties of sport center consumers. Study has been administered by a questionnaire survey of 200 male and female adult members of four sport centers in Seoul area. Following is the results: 1. Analyzing the relationship between demographic characteristics of sport center consumers and factors of their selection of those sport centers, there is significant difference in consumers' schooling and their family income. 2. Service quality perceived by sport center consumers appears to have a positive influence on service value. 3. Service value of sport center consumers appears to have a positive influence on customer loyalties. 4. Service quality perceived by sport center consumers appears to have a direct influence on customer loyalties. 5. Assessing the causal relationship between the service quality and value perceived by sport center consumers and customer loyalties, direct influence that the perceived service quality has on customer loyalties is stronger than indirect influence that mediated by service value.

韓國 陶와 磁器의 定型 考察

曺正鉉 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1988 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.53 No.-

"Ceramics" is a rather foreign term. It hasn't been used until Choson era. When the terminology of ceramics was disseminated by Japanese, this term underwent a delicate change. Japanese were so bewildered by Koryo Celadon that they tried to adopt it by using the term of Koryo Celadon as the definition of ceramics. This paper is concentration on the appearance and progress of Koryo Celadon and also discussing Silla Earthen Ware and Choson White Porcelain. We can see the Japanese interests in porcelain by the appearance of important paper in early of 20 century. And their interests resulted the meaning of ceramics be marrowed down to porcelains only. So, Japanese written ceramic histories have a trend of dealing mainly with Koryo Celadon, Punchong and Choson White Porcelain. Despite the fact that there were earthen wares in both Koryo and Choson era, Japanese the study of this ceramic type in missing in papers. Since the Old Stone Age, there have been vessels from earth and hardened with fire for thousands of years in Korea. These vessels which fall under a category of smoked unglazed earthen ware have been practically used by Korean people. So they had a variety of shapes as well as purposes. This trend is continuing in modern society as well as it had been in ancient one. This tells us that smoked unglazed earthen ware was the fundamental of Korean Ceramics. Sometimes Korean accepted foreign stimuli. When Chinese celadon extended to Koryo, people accepted it and developed it more. And all the more outstanding Jade-like color by Korean surprised Chinese. Accumulation of technique practiced in smoked unglazed earthen ware made it possible. Those capabilities enabled them to make Punchong and Choson White Porcelain which are highly praised by all over the world now. After decline of White Porcelain, contemporary ceramics art took its place and formed modern trend. And the fundamentals of earthen ware also affected the development of contemporary ceramics. A culture has a strong tendency that it has a dual-factor of high-society culture and popular mass one. This can be applied to Korean earthen ware and Porcelain, too. In spite of this fact, the Korean ceramic histories written by Japanese ignored the field of earthen ware, concentrating only in development history of porcelain. They could be called as rather Porcelain Histories, but the definition was mingled due to Japanese customs. Even after 1945 Liberation, the unconscious succession of this method caused ceramic history to cripple from lack of earthen ware history. This made ceramic history fall into chaos, and modern earthen ware seems to have no ancestral origin. The point that I want to bring up is this; The earthen ware history which was for gotten should be revived in order to connect the experience of thousands of years to today's earthen ware. The reason why this reasonable methodology is ignored today is that we are too dazzled by ceramic history by Japanese. This should be corrected. The ceramic types such as smoked unglazed earthen ware, Onggi(earthen ware), Chilgi(earthen ware), which were the fundamentals of Korean ceramic history for thousands of years, deserve circumspect reconsideration. If we, with the smoked-unglazed earthen ware in mind as a fundamental, reexamine Koryo Celadon, Punchong and White Porcelain, our ceramic history shall be clear at a glance. When we study the history of porcelain and earthen ware with this new method, we can find the origin of our contemporary ceramics and foresee the perspective of our future ceramics. This topic is so important that it can't be handled lightly. Since ceramic is not solely the term for porcelain but compound terminology, in order to revive the each characteristics of Porcelain and earthen ware, I illustrated the different use of these two. My work is not very satisfactory comparing to my purpose, but in the point of introducing a new methodology, I think it was successful.

유동성 및 응축성 복합레진의 점탄성에 관한 유변학적 연구

조병훈,이인복,권혁춘,손호현,엄정문 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this investigation was to observe the viscoelastic properties of five commercial flowable(Aeliteflo, Flow it, Revolution, Tetric flow, Compoglass flow) , three conventional hybrid(Z-100,Z-250,P-60) and two condensable(Synergy compact, SureFil) resin composites. A dynamic oscillatory shear test was done to evaluate the storage shear' modulus (G' ) , loss shear modulus(G") , loss tangent(tan δ) and complex viscosity(η* ) of the resin composites as a function of frequency dynamic frequency sweep test from 0.01 to 100 rad/s at 25℃ - by using Advanced Rheometric Exparusion SystemtARES) . To investigate the effect On the viscosity of resin composites of filler volume fraction, the filler weight % and volume % were measured by means of Archimedes' principle using a pyknometer. The results were as follows 1.The complex viscosity η* of flowable resins was lower than that of hybrid resins and significant differences were observed between brands. The complex viscosity η* of condensable resins was higher than that of hybrid resins. The order of complex viscosity η* at ω = 10 rad/s was as follows. Surefil, Synergy compact, P-60, Z-250, Z-100. Aeliteflo, Tetric flow, Compoglass flow, Flow it, Revolution. The relative complex viscosity of flowable resins compared to Z-100 was 0.04-0.56 but Surefil was 30.4 times higher than that of Z-100. 2.The storage shear modulus G' and the loss shear modulus G" of flowable resins were lower than those of hybrid resins but those of condensable resins were higher. The patterns of the change of loss tangent, tan δ of resin composites with increasing frequency were significantly different between brands.The phase angles,δ, ranged from 30.2-78.1˚at ω = 10 rad/s. 3.A11 composite resins represent pseudoplastic nature with increasing shear rate. 4.The complex shear modulus G* and the phase angle δ was represented by the frequency domain phaser form, G*( ω )= G* eIδ = G*〈 δ. The locus Of frequency domain phaser plots in a complex plane was a valuable method that represent the viscoelastic properties of composite resins. 5.There was no direct linear correlationship but a weak positive relation was observed between filler volume % or weight % and the viscosity of the resin composites.

19세기 프랑스 산업화에 따른 노동자 가족의 생계 유지 방식에 대한 연구

조청현 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 歷史文化硏究所 1999 역사문화연구 Vol.9 No.-