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서울지역에서의 VOCs 오염원 기여도 추정에 관한 연구
봉춘근,윤중섭,황인조,김창녕,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.4
A field study was conducted during the summer time of 2002 to determine compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicles and to develop source emission profiles that is applied to CMB model to estimate the source contribution of certain area. Source emission profile is widely used for the estimation of source contribution by the chemical mass balance model and have to be developed applicable fur the large1 area of estimation. This study was aimed to develop source emission profile and estimation of source contribution of VOCs after application of the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. After considering the emission inventory and other research results for the VOCs in Seoul, Korea, the sources like vehicle emission(tunnel), gas station (gasoline, diesel), solvent usage (painting operation, dry cleaning, graphic att), and gas fuels were selected for the major VOCs sources. Furthermore, ambient air samples were simultanceusly collected from 09:00 to 11:00 for four days at eight different official air quality monitoring sites as receptors in Seoul during summer of 2001. Source samples were collected by canisters, and then about seventy volatile organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Based on both the developed source profiles and the database of the receptors, CMB model was intensively applied to estimate mass contribution of VOCs sources. Examining the source profile from the vehicle, the portion of alkanes of VOCs was highest, and then the portion of aromatics such toluene, m/p-xylene were followed In case of gas fuel, they have their own components: the content of butane. propane. ethane was higher than any other component according tn the fuel usage. The average of the source apportionment on VOCs for 8 sites showed that the major sources were vehicle emission and gas fuels. me vehicle emission source was revealed as having the highest contribution with an average of 49.6% and followed by solvent with 21.3%, gas fuel with 16.1%, gasoline with 13.1%.
봉춘근,김동술,김영두,김광래 경희대학교 환경연구소 2002 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.11 No.-
This study was fulfilled to evaluate the durability of VOCs for different sampling methods. The sampling methods widely used to collect atmospheric VOCs are Canister method (EPA method TO-141, Absorbtion tube method (EPA method TO-17), and Tedlar-bag method, and those methods are used in this study. The samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 days to figure out the durability of components while keeping under low temperature (4℃) and room temperature (about 20 ℃). Each sample collected by above sampling method was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID). The test results were shown that the compounds in canisters and absorbtion tubs were stable, but the ones in tedlar-bags were not stable. Heavy components such as Toluene, m/p-Xylene in absorbtion tubes were kept their stability for a long time longer than the ones in canisters. However, the reducing rates of heavy components in canisters were not bigger than those of Tedlar-bags. The VOCs sample collected and stored in tedlar-bag are unstable for analysis, even after a days. As a result of this study, it is found that Canister method and Absorbtion tube method are reliable for collection and storage for a variety of ozone precursors compared to Tedlar-bag method. It is strongly recommended that the samples collected using Tedlar-bag need to be analysed shortly after sampling.
일반선박의 Tier3 수준의 온실가스 배출량 산정에 관한 연구
봉춘근(Choon Keun Bong),박성진(Seong Jin Park),김용구(Yong Gu Kim),이임학(Im Hack Lee),이희관(Hee Kwan Lee),황의현(Ui Hyun Hwang) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.10
본 연구에서는 일반선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스 배출량을 연료소비를 근거로 한 배출(Tier1)과 선종을 고려한 출력, SFOC, 운항특성(시간과 부하율 등) 등을 근거로 한 활동도에 의한 배출(Tier3)로 구분하여 산정하고 비교분석하였다. 2009년도 기준으로 배출량을 산정한 결과, Tier1 방법에 의한 배출량은 총 28,273천톤 CO₂eq, Tier3 방법에 의한 산정량은 총 30,810 천톤 CO₂eq으로 나타났다. Tier3에 의한 온실가스 배출량이 Tier1에 의한 산출결과보다 약 9% 정도 많게 나타났다. 이는 설문조사에 의한 선박의 부하율, 운항시간 등의 활동도 조사결과가 약간 과대평가되었기 때문으로 판단되었다. 향후 Tier3 방법을 적용하여 온실가스의 발생량을 정확하게 산정하기 위해서는 선박의 종류 및 특성에 따라 SFOC, 운항특성별 시간과 부하율, 운항속도 등에 대한 상세한 활동도 자료의 확보가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 운항특성 등을 고려한 보다 상세하고 다양한 활동도 자료가 확보될 경우, 적절한 저감대책 수립이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. In this study, the emissions of GHG from general ships were calculated by Tier1 method based on the fuel consumption, and by Tier3 method based on the activities data such as power and SFOC of each engine, sailing characteristics (e.g. time and load factor, etc.) considering the ship type. In 2009, the emissions of GHG by Tier1 and Tier3 method were appeared 28.27 mega-ton CO₂eq and 30.81 mega-ton CO₂eq. The emissions by Tier3 were slightly more than those by Tier1. We found that the values of the sailing characteristics for surveyed data are overestimated slightly. In the near future, more detailed researches for sailing characteristics considering ship types would be needed for sailing, anchoring, and berthing condition, etc.
뇌허혈을 동반한 내경동맥 발육부전(Hypoplasia) : 증례 보고 A Case Report
김봉수,박춘근,전정수,조경근,이상원,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.3
A hypoplastic internal carotid artery is a rare condition of uncertain etology, but the associated arterial anomaly in the circle of willis suggests a congenital origin. We report a case of hypoplasia of the right internal carotid artery in 55 year old female suffering from hypertension and showing cerebral ischemic symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with computed tomography(CT). single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), and conventional angiography and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA1. The angiographic examination raised a suspision of right internal carotid agenesis. but the MR4 demonstrated conclusively a correct diagnosis as a right internal carotid artery hypoplasia.
Generation of Heterozygous Gal KO Fibroblast Expressing Efficiently MCP at GalT Locus
Keon Bong Oh,Nayouna Ko,Bella Kim,Seong-soo Hwang,Jeong Woong Lee,Dong-Hoon Kim,Gi-Sun Im,Byoung-Chul Yang,Man-Jong Kang,Choon-Keun Park,Jin-Ki Park 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2
Generation of Heterozygous Gal KO Fibroblast Expressing Efficiently MCP at GalT Locus
Keon Bong Oh,Nayouna Ko,Bella Kim,Seong-soo Hwang,Jeong Woong Lee,Dong-Hoon Kim,Gi-Sun Im,Byoung-Chul Yang,Man-Jong Kang,Choon-Keun Park,Jin-Ki Park 한국동물번식학회 2011 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.35 No.2s
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of O-Methyl-S-Phenylthiocarbonates in Methanol
Song, Ho-Bong,Choi, Moon-Ho,Koo, In-Sun,Oh, Hyuck-Keun,Lee, Ik-choon Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.1
Kinetic studies of the reaction of O-methyl-S-phenylthiocarbonates with benzylamines in methanol at 45.0 ℃ have been carried out. The reaction proceeds by a stepwise mechanism in which the rate-determining step is the breakdown of the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate, $T^{\pm}$, with a hydrogen-bonded four-center type transition state (TS). These mechanistic conclusions are drawn based on (ⅰ) the large magnitude of ${\rho}_X\;and\;{\rho}_Z$, (ⅱ) the normal kinetic isotope effects $(k_H/k_D\;>\;1.0)$ involving deuterated benzylamine nucleophiles, (ⅲ) the positive sign of ${\rho}_{XZ}$ and the larger magnitude of ${\rho}_{XZ}$ than that for normal $S_N2$ processes, and lastly (ⅳ) adherence to the reactivity-selectivity principle (RSP) in all cases.