Systematic Review of Reciprocal Changes after Spinal Reconstruction Surgery : Do Not Miss the Forest for the Trees

Kim, Chang-Wook,Hyun, Seung-Jae,Kim, Ki-Jeong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.6

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on global spinal alignment and reciprocal changes following cervical or thoracolumbar reconstruction surgery. We carried out a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies through May 2020, and ultimately included 11 articles. The optimal goal of a truly balanced spine is to maintain the head over the femoral heads. When spinal imbalance occurs, the human body reacts through various compensatory mechanisms to maintain the head over the pelvis and to retain a horizontal gaze. Historically, deformity correction has focused on correcting scoliosis and preventing scoliotic curve progression. Following substantial correction of a spinal deformity, reciprocal changes take place in the flexible segments proximal and distal to the area of correction. Restoration of lumbar lordosis following surgery to correct a thoracolumbar deformity induces reciprocal changes in T1 slope, cervical lordosis, pelvic shift, and lower extremity parameters. Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibit different patterns of reciprocal changes depending on whether they have head-balanced or trunk-balanced kyphosis. These reciprocal changes should be considered to in order to prevent secondary spine disorders. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the global spinal alignment to assess postoperative changes.

건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

전면문제중심학습이 치의학교육의 자기주도적 학습, 의사소통, 문제해결 능력에 미치는 영향

이강욱 ( Kang-wook Lee ),홍진실 ( Jin-sil Hong ),장기완 ( Kee-wan Chang ) 대한구강보건학회 2016 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on dental education to dental students. The following were investigated in this study: 1. Does PBL improve the ability of self-directed learning? 2. Does PBL change communication ability? 3. Does PBL change the strategy of problem solving? Methods: The participants of this study were 39 students in the experimental group and 68 students in the control group. The measurement tools of this study were self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities tests designed by the Korean Educational Development Institute. The data was analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: In self-directed learning ability during 3 semesters, the experimental group showed a U-shape change but the control group showed a reverse U-shape change. In the experimental group, the selfdirected learning ability was decreased after one year (after the first and second semester). The level of communication ability decreased every day during the three semesters monitored in both the control and experimental groups. The level of communication ability in the experimental group continuously decreased during the three semesters, with the exception of one semester. Finally, for the problem solving ability during the three semesters, the experimental group showed a reverse U-shape change while the control group showed a U-shape change. In the experimental group, there was no change after two semesters. Conclusions: On the basis of the findings in this study, the following conclusions can be made. First, problem-based learning has a positive educational effect compared to didactic-based learning within one year. Second, the appropriate length of PBL is two semesters, or one year. It could be recommended that dental education in Korea should be combined or hybridized with PBL; for example, PBL could be used in combination with brief lectures or block lectures by teachers.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

급성 심근허혈에 따른 심실활성시간(Ventricular Activation Time)의 변화

한성욱,김윤년,김기영,남창욱,김기식,김권배 대한순환기학회 2001 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.31 No.3

평활근 증식과 점액성 기질 변화를 보인 사구맥관근종 1 예

김창덕(Chang Duk Kim),박재홍(Jae Hong Park),류영욱(Young Wook Ryoo),김병천(Byung Chun Kim),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.10

Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that are derived from modified smooth muscle cells known as glomus cells. Histologically, it can be subdivided as glomus tumor proper, glomangioma, and glomangiomyoma according to relative proportions of components. Glomangiomyomas are the least frequent type and their overall architectural pattern may resemble glomus tumor proper or glomangioma, but there is a gradual transition from glomus cells to elongated mature smooth muscle cells. This transition is most obvious in the region surrounding large vessels. We present a case of glomangiomyoma of the left upper arm and the left fourth finger, in which ten-year history of two painful, bluish-colored subcutaneous nodules. On histologic examination, this case showed marked smooth muscle cell proliferation around large vessles and mucinous stromal change. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39(10) 1147-1151)

뉴미디어의 콘텐츠 출현에 따른 인터페이스의 문화적 위상에 관한 연구

이창욱 ( Chang Wook Lee ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2010 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.33 No.-

최근의 새로운 미디어의 출현은 사용자에게 미디어 사용을 위한 새로운 학습을 요구하고 있으며 뉴인터페이스의 출현은 사용자와의 커뮤니케이션의 통로를 확장해나가고 있다. 웹 미디어로 시작되었던 미디어의 발전은 사용자의 상상을 초월하는 속도로 발전해 나가도 있으며 이에 따른 콘텐츠의 변화도 가속화 되어 가고 있다, 한편 인터페이스 측면에서는 초기의 상호 작용성을 전면에 내세우며 사용자와의 소통을 중시하는 기본적 기능을 수행하던 것에 비교하여 사용자가 미디어의 문화적 위상을 느끼도록 많은 발전과 변화를 해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효과적인 커뮤니케이션 도구로서 다양한 표현양식의 범위를 포함하는 인터페이스의 구조와 디자인이 새로운 미디어의 발전에 따라 어떠한 변화를 가지고 발전하는가에 대한 연구를 하며 콘텐츠로 발전과 인터페이스 문화의 위상에 관계에 가치를 발견하고자 한다. The recent emergence of new media which has been required to get new knowledge to use it as well as emergence of new interface makes that media has expanded communicate with the users. Web media, it is beginning with the development of the new media and other media is developed so fast beyond the imagination of the user, accordingly contents is changing to adapt with developing other fields. Compare to early stage, basic functions were performed by the users and just communicate with users to use interaction of the interface. It develops that user can feel its changing phase and cultural development status. In this study, a range of interface structure and design in new media, as a tool of effective communication, including express a variety of forms, are how to develop with many aspect of change. It develops content for the research and the interface of cultural values in relation to be found.

Uncoupler를 투여한 흰쥐의 뇌와 간조직의 Superoxide Dismutase에 관한 연구

오창학,이동욱,이희성 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.3

The activities of superoxide dismutases, and the variation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide contents in the brain and liver tissues, and some of the classic signs of rats administered with either 2, 4-dinitrophenol or arsenate has been investigated. Superoxide dismutase activities were determined either by the method of McCord and Fridovich(1969) or by the method of Crapo et al, (1978). The contents of hydrogen peroxide was determined according to the method of Thruman et al, (1972). The experimental results were summarized as follows; 1. Body weights of animals administered with 2, 4-dinitrophenol and/or arsenate were decreased, but the rectal temperatures of animals treated rose above the normal when compared with those of control group. 2. Formation of superoxide radicals in the tissues of brain and liver of 2, 4-dinitrophenol treated animals was increased to each 1.5 and 1.3 times those of the control group. However, formation of superoxide radicals in the tissues of animals administered with arsenate was not changed in the brain tissues, but significantly decreased in the liver tissues. 3. The contents of hydrogen peroxide was slightly increased in both brain and liver tissues of animals administered with 2, 4-dinitrophenol, but no changes occured in those tissues of animals administered with arsenate. 4. The specific activity of total superoxide dismutase in the brain tissues of animals administered with 2,4-dinitrophenol was enhanced up to 1.7 times that of the control group, but when treated with arsenate, the specific activity was closed to that of the control group. 5. The specific activities of total superoxide dismutase in the liver tissues of animals treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol and/or arsenate were 4.68 and 3.77, respectively. 6. The activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase in the brain and liver tissues of animals treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol was increased to 2.2 and 2.0 times as higher as that of the control group, but no significant change in the activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase was observed, whereas in the case of arsenate treated animals, no changes in the specific activities of Cu,Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase was observed. These results indicated that an uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol which may act on all the sites of oxidative phosphorylation caused to increase the superoxide radicals in the cells, and this might occur at State 4. A parallel increment of the formation of superoxide radicals and Mn-superoxide dismutase activities would suggest that the enzyme, especially Mn-superoxide dismutase, must be an important factor to protect the mitochondria from the toxicity by superoxide radicals.