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Multiscale temporal neural dynamics predict performance in a complex sensorimotor task
Samek, Wojciech,Blythe, Duncan A.J.,Curio, Gabriel,Mü,ller, Klaus-Robert,Blankertz, Benjamin,Nikulin, Vadim V. Elsevier 2016 NeuroImage Vol.141 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ongoing neuronal oscillations are pivotal in brain functioning and are known to influence subjects' performance. This modulation is usually studied on short time scales whilst multiple time scales are rarely considered. In our study we show that Long-Range Temporal Correlations (LRTCs) estimated from the amplitude of EEG oscillations over a range of time-scales predict performance in a complex sensorimotor task, based on Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI). Our paradigm involved eighty subjects generating covert motor responses to dynamically changing visual cues and thus controlling a computer program through the modulation of neuronal oscillations. The neuronal dynamics were estimated with multichannel EEG. Our results show that: (a) BCI task accuracy may be predicted on the basis of LRTCs measured during the preceding training session, and (b) this result was not due to signal-to-noise ratio of the ongoing neuronal oscillations. Our results provide direct empirical evidence in addition to previous theoretical work suggesting that scale-free neuronal dynamics are important for optimal brain functioning.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Functional relevance of Long-Range Temporal Correlations (LRTCs) was investigated. </LI> <LI> LRTCs were measured with EEG during complex sensorimotor task. </LI> <LI> Alpha-band LRTCs predicted task performance. </LI> <LI> Power-law neuronal dynamics are likely to be beneficial for brain functioning. </LI> </UL> </P>
Shusuke Tani,Benjamin John Blyth,Yi Shang,Takamitsu Morioka,Shizuko Kakinuma,Yoshiya Shimada 대한암예방학회 2016 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.21 No.2
The risk of radiation-induced cancer adds to anxiety in low-dose exposed populations. Safe and effective lifestyle changes which can help mitigate excess cancer risk might provide exposed individuals the opportunity to pro-actively reduce their cancer risk, and improve mental health and well-being. Here, we applied a mathematical multi-stage carcinogenesis model to the mouse lifespan data using adult-onset caloric restriction following irradiation in early life. We re-evaluated autopsy records with a veterinary pathologist to determine which tumors were the probable causes of death in order to calculate age-specific mortality. The model revealed that in both irradiated and unirradiated mice, caloric restriction reduced the age-specific mortality of all solid tumors and hepatocellular carcinomas across most of the lifespan, with the mortality rate dependent more on age owing to an increase in the number of predicted rate-limiting steps. Conversely, irradiation did not significantly alter the number of steps, but did increase the overall transition rate between the steps. We show that the extent of the protective effect of caloric restriction is independent of the induction of cancer from radiation exposure, and discuss future avenues of research to explore the utility of caloric restriction as an example of a potential post-irradiation mitigation strategy. (J Cancer Prev 2016;21:115-120)
Sweeney, Kerri,Cameron, Ewan R.,Blyth, Karen Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.2
Cells are designed to be sensitive to a myriad of external cues so they can fulfil their individual destiny as part of the greater whole. A number of well-characterised signalling pathways dictate the cell's response to the external environment and incoming messages. In healthy, well-ordered homeostatic systems these signals are tightly controlled and kept in balance. However, given their powerful control over cell fate, these pathways, and the transcriptional machinery they orchestrate, are frequently hijacked during the development of neoplastic disease. A prime example is the Wnt signalling pathway that can be modulated by a variety of ligands and inhibitors, ultimately exerting its effects through the β-catenin transcription factor and its downstream target genes. Here we focus on the interplay between the three-member family of RUNX transcription factors with the Wnt pathway and how together they can influence cell behaviour and contribute to cancer development. In a recurring theme with other signalling systems, the RUNX genes and the Wnt pathway appear to operate within a series of feedback loops. RUNX genes are capable of directly and indirectly regulating different elements of the Wnt pathway to either strengthen or inhibit the signal. Equally, β-catenin and its transcriptional co-factors can control RUNX gene expression and together they can collaborate to regulate a large number of third party co-target genes.
( Yipeng Tang ),( Ting Wang ),( Laura Blythe Liu ),( Qiong Li ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1
Teacher job satisfaction plays a key role in influencing a quality teaching workforce and student success. This article presented an analytical framework comprising teacher, classroom and school factors, and tested it by applying a three-level modeling technique with data drawn from 11 high-performing systems that participated in Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013. The quantitative results show that: (1) at the teacher level, higher self-efficacy is associated with higher job satisfaction; more effective professional development and collaboration are associated with higher job satisfaction; mid-career teachers tend to be the least satisfied group compared with young and old teachers. (2) at the classroom level, teaching larger classes is associated with lower satisfaction, while teaching classes with higher percentage of low achievers or low socioeconomic students is associated with lower satisfaction; (3) at the school level, student-teacher relationship is significantly positively associated with job satisfaction. The article concludes with implications for policy makers and educators across countries.
Yanjie Ji,Pengming Fu,P.T. Blythe,W. Guo,Wei Wang 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.7
Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) System becomes highly favorable for reducing circulating traffic and making efficient use of existing parking facilities. This paper is to examine the factors influence drivers’ willingness to use PGI. Factor analysis and the Structure Equation Model (SEM) were used to identify the latent attitudinal factors and the sensitivity of the factors was judged by Bayesian network. The heterogeneity of the factors was explored based on driver’s gender, age, driving years, education and travel frequency. The results show that drivers’ willingness to use PGI is significantly correlated to five attitudinal factors: perception of existing PGIs, difficulty in parking, confidence in the accuracy of the information, easy acquisition of information and information attributes. Male drivers, younger drivers, novice drivers and drivers who travel less frequently have lower level of willingness to use PGI.
Xiaojie Zhao,Guihong Bi,Tongyin Li,Richard L. Harkess,Eugene K. Blythe 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.6
In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates on plant growth, flowering, and uptake of essential nutrients was evaluated in container-grown tall bearded (TB) iris (Iris germanica) ‘Immortality’. Factorial combinations of three N (5, 10, or 15 mM) rates and three P (5, 10, or 15 mM) rates were applied to plants via fertigation twice per week from March to September 2013. Plant height, leaf SPAD reading, and flowering data were collected during the growing season. Plants were harvested in December 2013 to measure dry weight (DW) and analyze concentrations of essential mineral elements. Greater N rates had positive effects on plant height, leaf SPAD reading, flowering performance, and uptake of several essential elements, such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Phosphorous rate did not significantly affect most of the growth parameters. Greater P rates increased P concentration in leaves and roots and decreased boron (B) concentration in leaves but did not significantly influence net uptake of other nutrients except copper (Cu). The average N:P ratio ranged from 4.7 to 7.5, 2.4 to 4.0, and 6.0 to 8.7 in leaves, roots, and rhizomes, respectively.
RUNX1 Dosage in Development and Cancer
Lie-a-ling, Michael,Mevel, Renaud,Patel, Rahima,Blyth, Karen,Baena, Esther,Kouskoff, Valerie,Lacaud, Georges Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.2
The transcription factor RUNX1 first came to prominence due to its involvement in the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since this discovery, RUNX1 has been shown to play important roles not only in leukemia but also in the ontogeny of the normal hematopoietic system. Although it is currently still challenging to fully assess the different parameters regulating RUNX1 dosage, it has become clear that the dose of RUNX1 can greatly affect both leukemia and normal hematopoietic development. It is also becoming evident that varying levels of RUNX1 expression can be used as markers of tumor progression not only in the hematopoietic system, but also in non-hematopoietic cancers. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of RUNX1 dosage in normal development of both hematopoietic and epithelial tissues and their associated cancers.