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정면에서 평가한 한국인 여성 입술의 심미성과 전방 분절 골절단술 후 입술의 평가
이범석,강윤구,윤태호,국윤아 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.5
이 연구는 한국인 여자 유명 모델과 일반인의 정면입술의 차이점을 비교하여 아름다운 입술의 특징을 규명하며 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 시행한 환자에서 정면입술의 변화를 측정하고 그 수술 결과를 한국인 모델과 비교하여 차이점을 알아보고자 하였다. 한국인 유명 모델 30명, 일반인 26명과 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 받은 환자의 10명을 대상으로 정면입술 부위의 12개의 선 길이, 홍순의 5개의 각도와 둘레 및 면적을 측정하였고, 통계분석은 unpaired & paired t-test를 이용하였다. 한국인 유명 모델 군과 일반인 군의 비교에서 하안면 얼굴 폭경, 하안면 수직길이, 상홍순의 높이, 하순의 길이, 상홍순의 구각부 각도와 central bow의 각도는 의미 있는 차이로 일반인 군보다 유명 모델 군에서 작았다. 그러나, 입술의 폭, 하홍순의 높이, Cupid's bow tip간 거리와 하홍순의 구각부 각도는 유명 모델 군에서 컸고 입술의 둘레와 전체 면적에서도 일반인 군보다 컸다. 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 받은 환자의 정면입술에서는 하안면 얼굴 폭경, 상홍순의 높이, Cupid's bow tip에서 구각부까지의 길이와 상홍순의 면적이 통계적으로 의미 있는 변화를 보였고 한국인 유명 모델과의 비교에서 비슷한 수치를 나타내었지만 상순의 길이는 반대로 증가하였다. 연구의 결과는 교정치료 혹은 양악 전방 분절골절단술을 계획할 때 정면 입술 심미성을 평가하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine firstly the characteristics of esthetic lips in Korean females and secondly to measure the changes of the lips before and after anterior segmental osteotomy in bimaxillary protruded patients. Methods: Samples consisted of 30 models and 26 nonmodels, and 10 patients who had received anterior segmental osteotomy. Twelve linear measurements, 5 angular measurements, and the lip perimeter and area were measured. These results were compared for each group using unpaired and paired t-tests. Results: Full face width, nose to chin, upper vermilion height and angle, lateral heights at the point of the tips of Cupid's bow, central bow angle, and the lower lip to chin lengths were significantly greater in nonmodels than in models. However, overall lip width, lower vermilion height and angle, tip-to-tip of Cupid's bow lip perimeter, and lower vermilion area were greater in models than in nonmodels. Comparison of before and after anterior segmental osteotomy revealed that the values for the upper vermilion and lateral heights, the angle to Cupid's bow tip lengths, and upper vermilion area of post-operative patients had become similar to those of Korean female models. Our findings demonstrated that Korean female models have a fuller lower vermilion & thinner upper vermilion compared with nonmodel controls, as determined by the vermilion heights, angles, and areas. Conclusions: It will be helpful for clinicians to use these measurements as guidelines for improving patients' facial esthetics.
콩에서 발생하는 강낭콩일반모자이크바이러스(BCMV)와 땅콩위축바이러스(PSV)의 저항성 평가
이영훈, 윤영남, 강범규, 김현영, 최만수, 구성철, 김현태, 윤홍태, 이수헌, 백인열 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2
It has been reported several viral diseases in soybean. The occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus and Peanut stunt virus are able to induce severe problem because the main breeding target for viral disease was focused on Soybean mosaic virus. BCMV is a spcies of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae. BCMV reduces yield by as much as 80% and also adversely affects seed quality in common bean. BCMV has a worldwide distribution because of its high rates 35% of transmission via seeds produced by plants systemically infected prior to bloom. PSV is a species of the genus Cucumovirus of the family Bromoviridae. PSV has been reported to be economically damaging on beans worldwide. Although the virus is reportedly seed transmissible at very low rates, infected plants rarely produce pods with normal viable seeds. The most satisfactory management method of viral diseases such as BCMV and PSV is the use of resistant cultivars and healthy seed. For the overcome of genetic resistance by new virus such as BCMV and PSV, virus diseases monitoring and researches need to study deeply and continually. In this study, we conducted the resistance screen on BCMV and PSV for selection of resistance cultivars. We inoculated on 128 cultivars with PSV and BCMV respectively. These cultivars were classified through pathogenic response such as resistance, necrosis and susceptibility. In addition, 99 and 66 resistant cultivars were confirmed against PSV and BCMV respectively.
Kang, Beom-Goo,Jang, Jingon,Song, Younggul,Kim, Myung-Jin,Lee, Takhee,Lee, Jae-Suk American Chemical Society 2014 Macromolecules Vol.47 No.24
<P>The anionic block copolymerization of 4,4′-vinylphenyl-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-bis(4-<I>tert</I>-butylphenyl)benzenamine (<B>A</B>) with <I>n</I>-hexyl isocyanate (<B>B</B>) was performed using potassium naphthalenide (K-Naph) in THF at −78 and −98 °C in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh<SUB>4</SUB>) to afford the well-defined block copolymers for investigating the effect of morphological structures on electrical memory performances. The well-defined functional block copolymers (P<B>BAB</B>) with different block ratios had predictable molecular weights (<I>M</I><SUB>n</SUB> = 17 700–79 100 g/mol) and narrow molecular weight distributions (<I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB>/<I>M</I><SUB>n</SUB> = 1.14–1.19). It was observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the block copolymers showed different morphological structures depending on block ratios. Although all memory devices fabricated from the resulting block copolymers with different block compositions equally exhibited nonvolatile resistive switching characteristics, which are governed by the trap-controlled space-charge-limited current (SCLC) conduction mechanism and filament formation, it was found that electrical memory performances of each device varied depending on morphological structures of the block copolymer films.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2014/mamobx.2014.47.issue-24/ma501995p/production/images/medium/ma-2014-01995p_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma501995p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kang, Beom-Goo,Jang, Jingon,Song, Younggul,Kim, Myung-Jin,Lee, Takhee,Lee, Jae-Suk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Polymer chemistry Vol.6 No.23
<▼1><P>A well-defined block copolymer containing a thermally cross-linkable ethynyl group has been synthesized by living anionic polymerization for polymer-based resistive memory device applications.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The reactivities of 4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]styrene (A) and 4,4′-vinylphenyl-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-bis(4-<I>tert</I>-butylphenyl)benzenamine (B) were investigated by sequential anionic block copolymerization to synthesize a thermally cross-linkable block copolymer for memory device applications. From the investigation on the reactivities of the monomers, the well-defined poly(B-<I>b</I>-A) was synthesized in a simple manner by sequential addition of B as the first monomer and A as the second monomer using the commercially available <I>s</I>-butyllithium (<I>s</I>-BuLi) initiator in THF at −78 °C. The sequential deprotection was then performed to prepare the deprotected polymer (d-poly(B-<I>b</I>-A)) containing the triphenylamine group as the conducting moiety and the ethynyl group as the thermal cross-linker, and the resulting thermally cross-linked polymer was used as an active layer of the memory device. The device fabricated with cross-linked d-poly(B-<I>b</I>-A) exhibited the write-once-read-many times (WORM) nonvolatile memory behavior, which is governed by the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) conduction mechanism and filament formation.</P></▼2>
Kang, Nam‐,Goo,Cho, Byungjin,Kang, Beom‐,Goo,Song, Sunghoon,Lee, Takhee,Lee, Jae‐,Suk WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.3
<P>Jae‐Suk Lee, Takhee Lee, and co‐workers investigate on page 385. structural and electrical characteristics of synthesized block copolymers consisting of poly(9‐(4‐vinylphenyl)carbazole)‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Various morphologies such as spherical or lamellar structures with microphase separation are obtained. In particular, devices with a lamellar structure exhibited memory switching, which is strongly related to the formation and rupture of highly conductive paths consisting primarily of carbazole segments. </P>
Kang, Nam‐,Goo,Cho, Byungjin,Kang, Beom‐,Goo,Song, Sunghoon,Lee, Takhee,Lee, Jae‐,Suk WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.3
<P><B>Electronic devices</B> based on a series of synthesized block copolymers are demonstrated. In particular, a block copolymer system with a lamellar structure exhibits unipolar switching behavior. This study provides a simple strategy based on the adjustment of the block ratio in block copolymers to control the polymer morphology and thus the electrical and switching properties of polymer‐based memory devices.</P>
Effect of Grinding and Extraction of Lignocellulosic Fiber on Oil Sorption
Lee, Beom Goo,Lee, Hyun Jong,Shin, Dae Yong,Jeong, Yeon Ho,Wu, Jin Chen,Cho, Dong Ha,Lee, Kang Yol,Kim, Dong Eun,Kang, Wie Soo,Goh, Young Gyun Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Materials science forum Vol.544 No.-
<P>Cotton, a lignocellulosic fiber and environment friendly natural material, was tested for its ability to sorb diesel oil from the pure diesel oil bath and the diesel oil containing water bath. The fiber was ground to disrupt the lumen structure or extracted with diethyl ether to remove wax from cotton. Diethyl ether is an organic solvent and extracts only extractives in the cell wall. Oil sorption capacity was the highest in control as 30.6 g/g in the pure diesel oil bath, and the lowest in ground cotton as 0.8 g/g in the diesel oil containing water bath. Cotton is mainly composed of hydrophilic components and sorb water more easily than oil. As a result diesel oil sorption capacity was much higher in the oil bath than in the water bath. However, after grinding and passing through 20 mesh screen (0.86 cm), wax is preserved but the lumen structure of cotton, of which the fiber length is about 18 mm, is disrupted by grinding and can not hold oil. Therefore, the diesel oil sorption capacity of cotton was decreased significantly to 5.2 g/g in the pure diesel oil bath, and to 0.8 g/g in the water bath, compared to those of control. And because wax is removed but lumen structure is not destroyed after diethyl ether extraction, the diesel oil sorption capacity decreased slightly to 27.7 g/g in the oil bath and to 7.5 g/g in the water. When cotton was presoaked in water, cotton sank during the presoaking process, and so the oil sorption capacity could not be determined. Grinding, extractingand presoaking all contributed to the changes in oil sorption capacity. The most significant change is attributed to the reduction in the particle size of cotton.</P>