LWA in 5G: State-of-the-Art Architecture, Opportunities, and Research Challenges

Bajracharya, Rojeena,Shrestha, Rakesh,Ali, Rashid,Musaddiq, Arslan,Kim, Sung Won Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.10

<P>To cater to the exponential increase in wireless data demands under limited availability of licensed spectrum, the Federal Communications Commission has released extra bandwidth of 295 MHz in the 5 GHz unlicensed national information infrastructure bands for wireless communications. This free, unlicensed band has drawn considerable attention from academia and cellular operators worldwide. Several standards are being developed for flexible integration, aggregation, and interworking of this unlicensed band with licensed networks or spectrum. Of many candidate approaches, in this article, we introduce LTE WLAN aggregation (LWA). LWA, capable of leveraging the LTE and WLAN spectra simultaneously, has emerged as a prominent solution to increase network capacity and enhanced end users' quality of experience. Further, we present latest advances in this exciting technology by reviewing the state-of-the-art LWA architecture, and identify several opportunities and open challenges related to LWA design for future research.</P>

Effect of microencapsulation of <i>Lactobacillus salivarus</i> 29 into alginate/chitosan/alginate microcapsules on viability and cytokine induction

Bajracharya, Prati,Islam, Mohammad Ariful,Jiang, Tao,Kang, Sang-Kee,Choi, Yun-Jaie,Cho, Chong-Su Informa UK, Ltd. 2012 Journal of microencapsulation Vol.29 No.5

<P>Harsh gastric condition causes low bioavailability of probiotics when supplied orally. Polymeric encapsulation has successfully protected bacteria from harsh gastric condition and ultimately increased persistency and multiplication at the targeted region. In this study, we encapsulated LS29 into ACA microcapsules and characterized them. The survivability and release of LS29 from LS29-loaded ACA microcapsules in SGF and SIF were studied. Encapsulation efficiency of LS29 in ACA microcapsules was 99.9%. Approximately 70% of bacteria survived at pH 2 by 120 min after encapsulation. Although not much difference of the survivability of LS29 encapsulated into ACA and FDACA was observed, freeze-drying improved the controlled-release of LS29 in SIF and also showed better storage survivability at 4°C for 8 weeks. Furthermore, investigation of <I>in vitro</I> production of cytokines in RAW264.7 showed high level of induction of TNF-&agr; and IL-10. These <I>in vitro</I> results support that the LS29 might have a balanced immunomodulatory effect.</P>

Effect of Vermicompost in Combination with Bacterial and Mineral Fertilizers on the Yield of Vegetable Soybean

Bajracharya, S.K.,Shercahn, D.P.,Bhattarai, S. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.1

A field experiment was conducted in Agronomy farm at an altitude of 1350 m. above sea level in a randomized complete block design with three replications and eight treatments on vegetable type soybean in 2005. The objective was to see the effect of vermicompost alone and in combination with Rhizobium inoculum and mineral fertilizers on the yield of vegetable soybean. The result showed higher number of nodules from the non inoculated plot, however, the nodules weight was highest from the inoculated plots. No significant difference was notice statistically on roots and shoots dry weight. Soybean grain was obtained highest (32.3%) over the non inoculated plot followed by vermicompost plus inoculated, however, there was non significant difference. There was a slight increment on grain and straw yield from the inoculated plots over the non inoculated.

Disaster And Humanitarian Services for Women’s Health in Nepal

Kiran Bajracharya 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 위기관리 이론과 실천 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.08

In Nepal, natural calamities such as earthquake, floods, landslides, lightening and fire are mostly noticeable disasters that threat to socio-economic loss of the country and people as well. Its effect is observed as even more severe on women, especially to young girls.The earthquake of 2015 affected 5.6 million people including 93,000 pregnant women. Although different governmental and non-government organizations participated actively in post-disaster management, UNFPA particularly focused on its activities towards vulnerable groups such as women, newborns and adolescents. These groups were supported by Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) that included dignity kits, female-friendly spaces, psychosocial support, reproductive health kits and protection and awareness messages. Life-saving reproductive health camps were organized in the 14 disaster affected districts by partner organizations of UNFPA. Similarly, 14 transition homes were established specially for pregnant and postpartum mothers and health service providers were trained on Clinical Management of Rape as well. Adolescent girls and women were supported through psychosocial counseling and psychological first aid.To conclude, these group must be address further with additional support in terms of capacity building and resource management during reconstruction and rehabilitation phase.

Characterization of Thermal Contact Resistance Doped with Thermal Interface Material

Iswor Bajracharya,Yoshimi Ito,Wataru Nakayama,Byeong-Jun Moon(문병준),Sun-Kyu Lee(이선규) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2013 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.30 No.9

This paper describes the thermal contact resistance and its effect on the performance of thermal interface material. An ASTM D 5470 based apparatus is used to measure the thermal interface resistance. Bulk thermal conductivity of different interface material is measured and compared with manufacturers’ data. Also, the effect of grease void in the contact surface is investigated using the same apparatus. The flat type thermal interface tester is proposed and compared with conventional one to consider the effect of lateral heat flow. The results show that bulk thermal conductivity alone is not the basis to select the interface material because high bulk thermal conductivity interface material can have high thermal contact resistance, and that the center voiding affects the thermal interface resistance seriously. On the aspect of heat flow direction, thermal impedance of the lateral heat flow shows higher than that of the longitudinal heat flow by sixteen percent.

Disaster And Humanitarian Services for Women’s Health in Nepal

Kiran Bajracharya 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 위기관리 이론과 실천 세미나발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

In Nepal, natural calamities such as earthquake, floods, landslides, lightening and fire are mostly noticeable disasters that threat to socio-economic loss of the country and people as well. Its effect is observed as even more severe on women, especially to young girls.The earthquake of 2015 affected 5.6 million people including 93,000 pregnant women. Although different governmental and non-government organizations participated actively in post-disaster management, UNFPA particularly focused on its activities towards vulnerable groups such as women, newborns and adolescents. These groups were supported by Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) that included dignity kits, female-friendly spaces, psychosocial support, reproductive health kits and protection and awareness messages. Life-saving reproductive health camps were organized in the 14 disaster affected districts by partner organizations of UNFPA. Similarly, 14 transition homes were established specially for pregnant and postpartum mothers and health service providers were trained on Clinical Management of Rape as well. Adolescent girls and women were supported through psychosocial counseling and psychological first aid.To conclude, these group must be address further with additional support in terms of capacity building and resource management during reconstruction and rehabilitation phase.

Planning Education in Partnership with the Community: Some Lessons

Bhishna Bajracharya,Shahed Khan 한국아시아학회 2004 아시아연구 Vol.7 No.2

Effect of Different Ingredients in Traditional Korean Medicine for Human Uterine Leiomyoma on Normal Myometrial and Leiomyomal Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Prati Bajracharya,이은주,이동목,Sang Hee Shim,김극준,Sung Ho Lee,Jei Jun Bae,전상식,Tae Kyun Lee,Seok Hoon Kwon,최인호 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.11

Crude water extracts of 13 traditional Korean medicinal ingredients used for leiomyomal treatment were prepared and used to treat human uterine normal myometrial and leiomyomal cell cultures. All the ingredients inhibited proliferation and altered the morphology of both myometrial and leiomyomal cells. Among the 13 ingredients, n-hexane-, chloroform-, and ethylacetate-soluble fractions were extracted from seven ingredients that potently inhibited cell proliferation in their water extract form. Among these, the ethylacetate-fraction of Phlomis umbrosa and Spatholobus suberectus, and the chloroform-fraction of Curcuma zedoaria and S. suberectus inhibited leiomyomal cell proliferation significantly compared to myometrial cell proliferation. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis showed the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 in leiomyomal tissue after treatment with the fractions of the ingredients. Moreover, the chloroform-fraction of C. zedoaria was subfractionated by open column chromatography. Two of the eight subfractions (fractions 6 and 7) potently inhibited cell proliferation in leiomyoma compared to myometrium. Further study will be performed with the goal of isolating specific compounds from two effective subfractions of C. zedoaria, ethylacetate-fraction of P. umbrosa, and the ethylacetate and chloroform-fractions of S. suberectus. The present study may be helpful in developing an alternative remedy to leiomyoma with minimal side-effects compared to the current treatments.

Nepalese Esoteric Buddhism and Mantra Belief

Naresh Man Bajracharya 회당학회 2010 회당학보 Vol.15 No.-

Retrospective analysis of 8th edition American Joint Cancer Classification: Distal cholangiocarcinoma

Atish Darshan Bajracharya,Suniti Shrestha,Hyung Sun Kim,Ji Hae Nahm,Kwanhoon Park,Joon Seong Park 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: This is a retrospective analysis of whether the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was a significant improvement over the 7th AJCC distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma classification. Methods: In total, 111 patients who underwent curative resection of mid-distal bile duct cancer from 2002 to 2019 were included. Cases were re-classified into 7th and 8th AJCC as well as clinicopathological univariate and multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log rank were calculated using R software. Results: In patient characteristics, pancreaticoduodenectomy/pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy had better survival than segmental resection. Only lymphovascular invasion was found to be significant (hazard ratio 2.01, p = 0.039) among all clinicopathological variables. The 8th edition AJCC Kaplan Meier survival curve showed an inability to properly segregate stage I and IIA, while there was a large difference in survival probability between IIA and IIB. Conclusions: The 8th distal AJCC classification did resolve the anatomical issue with the T stage, as T1 and T3 showed improvement over the 7th AJCC, and the N stage division of the N1 and N2 category was found to be justified, with poorer survival in N2 than N1. Meanwhile, in TMN staging, the 8th AJCC was able differentiate between early stage (I and IIA) and late stage (IIB and III) to better explain the patient prognosis.