지식기반 사회의 평생교육: UP 방송통신 대학에서의 새로운 경향을 중심으로

Alexander APEC국제교육협력원 2009 국제교육협력연구지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 신흥 글로벌 대학교로써 필리핀 대학의 가상 캠퍼스이자 5번째 구성 단위인 필리핀 개방대학(UPOU)을 중심으로 지식기반 시대의 평생교육에 관한 새로운 경향에 대해 조사한 연구이다.필리핀 개방대학(UPOU)의 경험을 기반으로 본다면, 평생 학습은 본래 온라인 학습의 영향을받을 것임이 분명하다. 새로운 시대의 온라인 학습은 확장적이며 학습자 중심이 될 것이다. 그것은 교수자와 튜터의 개념을 멘토와 코치의 개념으로 대체할 것이다. 게다가 신 시대에서의평생 학습은 지리학적, 규율적, 그리고 유형적 경계간의 흔들림을 보여 줄 것이다. 국제어로서의 영어에 대한 통용 등으로 초국가적 교육이 더욱 지배적일 것이다. 또한 지식 분야간 경계들은 허물어질 것이다. 특정 노동시장의 요구를 반영한 특별한 프로그램의 형태를 지닌 초지식적융합교육이 부상하게 될 것이다. 직업교육의 기초, 고등, 기술 교육과 같이 형식적 교육, 비형식적 교육 그리고 무형식 교육 간의 엄격한 경계들은 이러한 교육의 형태들 사이의 밀접한 소통에 따라 이제는 허물어질 것이다. 더욱이 프로그램들은 다양한 시작점과 종료점을 보일 것이다.자유입학제도, 자유 교육기간, 그리고 학습자원에 대한 공개 등과 같은 교육관리적 접근에서 뚜렷하게 나타날 개방교육은 또 하나의 새로운 경향이다. 게다가 유비쿼터스 환경은 평생 학습에서 주요 경향이 될 것이다. 학습은 넷북과 이동전화와 같은 단말기와 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 그리고WiFi와 WiMAX 서비스 등을 통해서 언제 어디서든 일어날 수 있는 것이다.마지막으로, 본 연구지를 통해 평생 학습 수요자들의 변화에 관한 이야기를 나누고자 한다. 이전에는 평생 학습의 기회들이 교육에의 접근이 근본 이슈였던 외곽 지역의 극빈자들을 위한 것이었다. 평생학습은 교육의 기회가 동등히 부여되지 않았던 소외층, 과년(過年)층, 그리고 여성들을 대상으로 하여왔다. 이제는 새로운 전달 체제의 결과로써 부유층, 전문가, 그리고 고등 교육자들이 소외층보다 더 많이 평생 학습의 기회를 활용하고 있다. This paper presents emerging perspectives on lifelong education in this new knowledge era from an emerging global university, the UP Open University, the fifth constituent unit and cyber campus of the University of the Philippines system. Based on UPOU’s experience, lifelong learning will primarily be influenced by online learning. Online learning in the new era will be scalable and learner-centered. It will make use of mentors and coaches instead of instructors and tutors. Furthermore, lifelong learning in the new era will see a blurring of geographical, disciplinal and modal boundaries. With the global adoption of a lingua franca, English, transnational education will become predominant. Boundaries between and among discipline will likewise dissolve. Transdisciplinary education in the form of specialized programs that address specific workplace needs will become the norm. Strict boundaries between formal, nonformal and informal education; between basic, higher and technical vocational education will cease to exist with the provision of ladders, bridges and pathways between these educational modes. Additionally, programs will have multiple entry points and exit points. Another emerging trend is Open Education, which may manifest itself in educational governance approaches such as: open admissions; open ended timeframes for programs; and open access learning resources. Additionally, ubiquity will become a major trend in lifelong learning. One can learn at any place in any time with: mobile devices such as netbooks and mobile phones; cloud computing; and WiFi/ WiMAX services. Lastly, the paper establishes the shift on lifelong learning clientele. Before lifelong learning opportunities were targeted at the poorest of the poor, living in remote areas, where access is a primary issue. Lifelong learning was for the marginalized, the overaged and women whose cultures denied them equal access. Now, as a result of the emerging delivery systems the well off, the professional and the advanced student now avail of lifelong learning opportunities more than the marginalized

Log-concavity and zeros of the Alexander polynomial

Alexander Stoimenow 대한수학회 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.2

We show that roots of log-concave Alexander knot polyno- mials are dense in C. This in particular implies that the log-concavity and Hoste’s conjecture on the Alexander polynomial of alternating knots are (essentially) independent.

LOG-CONCAVITY AND ZEROS OF THE ALEXANDER POLYNOMIAL

Stoimenow, Alexander Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.2

We show that roots of log-concave Alexander knot polynomials are dense in C. This in particular implies that the log-concavity and Hoste's conjecture on the Alexander polynomial of alternating knots are (essentially) independent.

Willful Blindness About Indigenous Peoples: The Democratic Deficit and Canadian Public Policy Making

C. J. Alexander(C. J. Alexander ),Mallory Crew(Mallory Crew ) 한국캐나다학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.17 No.1

Public policy officials, elected and appointed, continue to ignore the value dimensions of public policy making in ways that profoundly impact the individual and collective lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The au-thors examine two policy fields—health and communications—to highlight the peril of ignoring Indigenous cultural contexts. They conclude that the overarching policy of wilful blindness to Indigenous values, ways of being, and knowledge systems represents a continuation of the colonial mindset that has persisted since settlers arrived.

Progressive lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by iron oxide nanoparticles drives hepatic cell autophagy and apoptosis

Levada Kateryna,Pshenichnikov Stanislav,Omelyanchik Alexander,Rodionova Valeria,Nikitin Aleksey,Savchenko Alexander,Schetinin Igor,Zhukov Dmitry,Abakumov Maxim,Majouga Alexander,Lunova Mariia,Jirsa Mi 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.17

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are frequently used in various biomedical applications, in particular as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents in liver imaging. Indeed, number of IONs have been withdrawn due to their poor clinical performance. Yet comprehensive understanding of their interactions with hepatocytes remains relatively limited. Here we investigated how iron oxide nanocubes (IO-cubes) and clusters of nanocubes (IO-clusters) affect distinct human hepatic cell lines. The viability of HepG2, Huh7 and Alexander cells was concentration-dependently decreased after exposure to either IO-cubes or IO-clusters. We found similar cytotoxicity levels in three cell lines triggered by both nanoparticle formulations. Our data indicate that different expression levels of Bcl-2 predispose cell death signaling mediated by nanoparticles. Both nanoparticles induced rather apoptosis than autophagy in HepG2. Contrary, IO-cubes and IO-clusters trigger distinct cell death signaling events in Alexander and Huh7 cells. Our data clarifies the mechanism by which cubic nanoparticles induce autophagic flux and the mechanism of subsequent toxicity. These findings imply that the cytotoxicity of ION-based contrast agents should be carefully considered, particularly in patients with liver diseases.

Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Extradural Spinal Tumor Surgery

Alexander E. Ropper,Kevin T. Huang,Allen L. Ho,Judith M. Wong,Stephen V. Nalbach,John H. Chi 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.4

Objective: Patients with extradural spine tumors are at an increased risk for intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and postoperative wound dehiscence due to radiotherapy and other comorbidities related to systemic cancer treatment. In this case series, we discuss our experience with the management of intraoperative durotomies and wound closure strategies for this complex surgical patient population. Methods: We reviewed our recent single-center experience with spine surgery for primarily extradural tumors, with attention to intraoperative durotomy occurrence and postoperative wound-related complications. Results: A total of 105 patients underwent tumor resection and spinal reconstruction with instrumented fusion for a multitude of pathologies. Twelve of the 105 patients (11.4%) reviewed had intraoperative durotomies. Of these, 3 underwent reoperation for a delayed complication, including 1 epidural hematoma, 1 retained drain, and 1 wound infection. Of the 93 uncomplicated index operations, there were a total of 9 reoperations: 2 for epidural hematoma, 3 for wound infection, 2 for wound dehiscence, and 2 for recurrent primary disease. One patient was readmitted for a delayed spinal fluid leak. The average length of stay for patients with and without intraoperative durotomy was 7.3 and 5.9 days, respectively, with a nonsignificant trend for an increased length of stay in the durotomy cases (p=0.098). Conclusion: Surgery for extradural tumor resections can be complicated by CSF leaks due to the proximity of the tumor to the dura. When encountered, a variety of strategies may be employed to minimize subsequent morbidity.

Establishment and Characterization of an In Vitro Model for Cholesteatoma

Alexander M. Raynov,,정연훈,박헌이,최성준,박기현 대한이비인후과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.1 No.2

Objectives. Experimental models are of importance to study the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma, however, they were not established until now. We aimed to develop in vitro model of middle ear cholesteatoma using primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from cholesteatoma tissue. HaCaT cell line was used as a “skin equivalent” and to compare the grade of homogeneity between cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells. Methods. Primary keratinocytes were isolated from cholesteatoma tissue, co-cultured with preliminary prepared feeder layer from cholesteatoma fibroblasts and subsequently air-exposed. The protein profile of cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells was evaluated by means of immunoblot using monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin (CK) 13 and 16. Tissue localization of CK 13 and 16 was accomplished with immunohistochemistry. Results. Different protein profile and stronger expression of CK 13 and 16 were demonstrated in cholesteatoma keratinocytes in comparison with HaCaT cells. Bigger stratification was observed in the 3D-in vitro systems when both cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells were respectively co-cultured with fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding control groups without fibroblasts. Conclusion. 3D-model demonstrates the significance of intercellular interaction between components of cholesteatoma tissue. Objectives. Experimental models are of importance to study the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma, however, they were not established until now. We aimed to develop in vitro model of middle ear cholesteatoma using primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from cholesteatoma tissue. HaCaT cell line was used as a “skin equivalent” and to compare the grade of homogeneity between cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells. Methods. Primary keratinocytes were isolated from cholesteatoma tissue, co-cultured with preliminary prepared feeder layer from cholesteatoma fibroblasts and subsequently air-exposed. The protein profile of cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells was evaluated by means of immunoblot using monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin (CK) 13 and 16. Tissue localization of CK 13 and 16 was accomplished with immunohistochemistry. Results. Different protein profile and stronger expression of CK 13 and 16 were demonstrated in cholesteatoma keratinocytes in comparison with HaCaT cells. Bigger stratification was observed in the 3D-in vitro systems when both cholesteatoma keratinocytes and HaCaT cells were respectively co-cultured with fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding control groups without fibroblasts. Conclusion. 3D-model demonstrates the significance of intercellular interaction between components of cholesteatoma tissue.

Concurrent SHORT syndrome and 3q duplication syndrome

Alexander M. Boaz,Salvatore A. Grasso,Michael J. DeRogatis,Ellis N. Beesley 대한의학유전학회 2019 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.16 No.1

SHORT syndrome is an extremely rare congenital condition due to a chromosomal mutation of the PIK3R1 gene found at 5q13.1. SHORT is a mnemonic representing six manifestations of the syndrome: (S) short stature, (H) hyperextensibility of joints and/or inguinal hernia, (O) ocular depression, (R) Rieger anomaly, and (T) teething delay. Other key aspects of this syn-drome not found in the mnemonic include lipodystrophy, triangular face with dimpled chin (progeroid facies, commonly re-ferred to as facial gestalt), hearing loss, vision loss, insulin resistance, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 3q duplication syndrome is rare syndrome that occurs due to a gain of function mutation found at 3q25.31-33 that presents with a wide array of manifestations including internal organ defects, genitourinary malformations, hand and foot deformities, and mental dis-ability. We present a case of a 2 year and 3 month old male with SHORT syndrome and concurrent 3q duplication syndrome. The patient presented at birth with many of the common manifestations of SHORT syndrome such as bossing of frontal bone of skull, triangular shaped face, lipodystrophy, micrognathia, sunken eyes, and thin, wrinkled skin (progeroid appearance). Additionally, he presented with ἀndings associated with 3q duplication syndrome such as cleft palate and cryptorchidism. Al-though there is no speciἀc treatment for these conditions, pediatricians should focus on referring patients to various specialists in order to treat each individual manifestation.

Anatomic Evaluation of the Interportal Capsulotomy Made with the Modified Anterior Portal versus Standard Anterior Portal: Comparable Utility with Decreased Capsule Morbidity

Alexander E. Weber,Ram K. Alluri,Eric C Makhni,Ioanna K. Bolia,Eric N. Mayer,Joshua D. Harris,Shane J. Nho 대한고관절학회 2020 Hip and Pelvis Vol.32 No.1

Purpose: To identify potential differences in interportal capsulotomy size and cross-sectional area (CSA) using the anterolateral portal (ALP) and either the: (i) standard anterior portal (SAP) or (ii) modified anterior portal (MAP). Materials and Methods: Ten cadaveric hemi pelvis specimens were included. A standard arthroscopic ALP was created. Hips were randomized to SAP (n=5) or MAP (n=5) groups. The spinal needle was placed at the center of the anterior triangle or directly adjacent to the ALP in the SAP and MAP groups, respectively. A capsulotomy was created by inserting the knife through the SAP or MAP. The length and width of each capsulotomy was measured using digital calipers under direct visualization. The CSA and length of the capsulotomy as a percentage of total iliofemoral ligament (IFL) side-to-side width were calculated. Results: There were no differences in mean cadaveric age, weight or IFL dimensions between the groups. Capsulotomy CSA was significantly larger in the SAP group compared with the MAP group (SAP 2.16±0.64 cm2 vs. MAP 0.65±0.17 cm2, P=0.008). Capsulotomy length as a percentage of total IFL width was significantly longer in the SAP group compared with the MAP group (SAP 74.2±14.1% vs. MAP 32.4±3.7%, P=0.008). Conclusion: The CSA of the capsulotomy and the percentage of the total IFL width disrupted are significantly smaller when the interportal capsulotomy is performed between the ALP and MAP portals, compared to the one created between the ALP and SAP. Surgeons should be aware of this fact when performing hip arthroscopy.

POLYSEMANTIC STRUCTURE

( Alexander Pushkarev ) 한국기초조형학회 2019 한국기초조형학회 작품집 Vol.2019 No.1