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홍사일(Sa Il Hong),조성돈(Sung Don Cho) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7
전기계통 설계에서 중요한 요소 중의 하나인 안전성 확보, 그 중에서 인체상해와 가장 밀접한 Arc-Flash 사고에 대해 위험도 등급을 NFPA 70E와 IEEE 1584 기준과 상용 계산프로그램인 ETAP을 이용하여 분석하고 그 분석 결과를 기준으로 Arc-Flash 사고 위험에 대한 각종 대비책을 검토하였다.
임신중 Phenobarbital이 태어난 흰쥐의 이자외분비 기능에 미치는 영향
이선미,홍사석,주일로,강영록 대한소화기학회 1992 대한소화기학회지 Vol.24 No.5
In fetal development, organogenesis and functional developments are much influenced by xenobiotics administered during pregnancy or by maternal disease. In rat, while the critical periods for the morphological abnormalities during development are days 11-14 of gestation, those of functional defects are days 18-22. Phenoliarbftat; frequently used as hypnotics-sedatives as well as anticonvulsants, is transferred to the fetus rapidly througlii the placenta. Also, chronic administration of Phenobarbital causes induction of a hepatic microsomal enzyme systems which are responsible for the biotransformatibn of xenobotcs. It was reported that chronic treatment of Phenobarbital increased the amylase secretion from the pancreas in adult rat. The preseat study, therefore, was undertaken to investiggate the effect of Phenobarbital treatment during pregnancy on the exocrine pancreatic function in neonatal rats. Gravid Sprague-Dlawley rats were injected intraperitoneally once daily with either 50 mg/kg Phenobarbital or saline (1 ml/kg) on days 17-20 of pregnancy. Until 30 days of age, progeny from each litter was sacrified at 3-7 day intervals by decapitation. $quot;floe pancreas and liver were removed and homogenized in saline, and were used for the determination of enzyme activities and protein contents. The enzyme released from the pancreatic slices was measured with or without acetylcholine (10^(-8) M) stimulation. The results are summerized as follows. 1) The body weight of the Phenobarbital treated rats during pregnancy was significantly higher than that of controls. On the other hand, the weight of pancreas or liver was rather decreased by Phenobarbital treatment. 2) The basal releases of the amylase fram the pancreatic slices of both control and Phenobarbital treated groups were high at 3rd postnatal day and then decreased at ?th and 14th days. 3) The amylase releases from the pancreatic slices wre significantly increased in response to acetylcholine stimulation in both groups. From 3rd days these responses were much higher in Phenobarbital treated rats. 4) Compared to enzyme activities at 3rd days, amylase activity was lower at 7th day while trypsin activity was highest at 7th day in control rats. In contrast, tro the contral, treatment of Phenobarbital during pregnancy caused increase in amylase activity in the pancreatic tissue, however the trypsin activity was decreased. 5) The protein content in the tisstae of pancreas and liver was not significantly changed by Phenobarbital treatment. From these results, it is suggested that the phenobarbital treatment during pregnancy exerts significant influence on the postnatal exocrine pancreatic function, and augments the nonparallel secretion of the pancreatic enzymes.
울형성 심부전증에서 심혈관계 보상기전의 지표로서 저나트륨혈증의 의의에 관한 연구
김경환,김미경,이우형,홍사석,신길자,장일중 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.3
In patient with congestive heart failure, it is well known that the sympatho-adrenal system and the renin angiotensin system are activated to compensate for the reduction of cardiac output and the redistribution of blood flow. Although Lilly, et al. (1984) and Francis, et al. (1985) have insisted that the induction of these circulatory compensation mechanism by pastura1 changes is closely related to the concentration of plama sodium in congestive heart failure, it is still controversial. Thus, in an effort to clarify this hypothesis, present study was designed to determine the relationship between the existing sodium concentration in plasma and the changes of the plasma catecholamine concentration and renin activity during postural alterations in patients with congestive heart fai1ure and normal subjects. Ten patients with congestive heart failure who had been admitted to the Ewha Womans University Hospital from May, 1985 to July, 1985 and five normal volunteers were chosen. Patients with more than one year history of congestive heart failure belonging to class 3 or 4 as the criteria set by the New York Heart Association have been selected for this study. Among these ten patients, 5(3 males and 2 females) had low plasma sodium concentration(below 135mEq/l) and 5(3 males and 2 females) had normal plasma sodium concentration(above 135mEq/l). The observed results are as follows: 1) In the normal subjects, the observed plasma renin activity was 1,2±0.4ng/ml/hr and the concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were 177.5±27 and 150.0±8pg/ml, respectively, at supine position. However, these values were increased by about 2 times by changing to upright position. 2) In patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the values of plasma renin activity and catecholamine levels were significantly higher than those patients having normonatremia. 3) The increase in the plasma renin activity and catecholamin levels induced by upright position were minimal in patients with congestive heart failure having normonatremia. 4) However, in patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the plasma renin activity and the levels of plasma catecholamines were not altered, or rather decreased, by the same postural changes. Based on the results, the levels of plasma sodium concentration in patients with congestive heart failure could provide an index for the induction of circulatory compensation mechaniams and may have important significance in determining the severity and prognosis of the disease. Particularly in the congestive heart failure patients with hyponatremia, as the circulatory compensation mechanism appear to be operating at maximum already, they would not be able to utilize the reflex compensation mechanism inducible with the changes of body position.