대학교 행정실 실내 외 공기 중 나노입자와 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

최수현,임지영,박희진,정은경,김종오,손부순,Choi, Su-Hyeon,Im, Ji-Young,Park, Hee-Jin,Chung, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Jong-Oh,Son, Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mass concentration of nanoparticles and understand the characteristics of elements of heavy metal concentrations within nanoparticles in the air using Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor Model-110 (MOUDI-110), based on indoor and outdoor air. Methods: This Study sampled nanoparticles using MOUDI-110 indoors (office) and outdoors at S University in Asan, Korea in order to reveal the concentration of nanoparticles in the air. Sampling continued for nine months (10 times indoors and 14 times outdoors) from March to November 2010. Mass concentrations of nanoparticle and concentrations of heavy metals (Al, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb) were analyzed. Results: Indoors, geometric mean concentration of nanoparticles ranged in size from 0.056 ${\mu}m$ to 0.10 ${\mu}m$ and those of 0.056 ${\mu}m$ or less recorded 0.929 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and 1.002 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On the other hand, the levels were lower outdoors with 0.819 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and 0.597 ${\mu}g/m^3$. Mann-Whitney U tests showed that the difference between the indoors and the outdoors was statistically meaningful in terms of particles of 0.056 ${\mu}m$ or less (p<0.05) in size. These results are possibly influenced by the use of printers and duplicators as the factor that increased the concentration of nanoparticles. In seasonal concentration distribution, the level was higher during the summer compared to in the autumn. Those of 0.056 ${\mu}m$ or less in size presented a statistically meaningful difference during the summer (p<0.05). These results may be influenced by photochemical event as the factor that makes the levels high. Regarding zinc, among the other heavy metals, the fine particles ranged in size from 0.056 ${\mu}m$ to 0.10 ${\mu}m$ and those of 0.056 ${\mu}m$ or less recorded 1.699 $ng/m^3$ and 1.189 $ng/m^3$ in the outdoors. In the indoors, the levels were lower, with 0.745 $ng/m^3$ and 0.617 $ng/m^3$. Cr and Ni at the size of 0.056 ${\mu}m$ or less, both of which have been known to pose severe health effects, recorded higher concentrations indoors with 0.736 $ng/m^3$ and 0.177 $ng/m^3$, compared to 0.444 $ng/m^3$ and 0.091 $ng/m^3$ outdoors. By season, Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb posted a high level of indoor concentration during the fall. As for Cr, the level of concentration indoors was higher than outdoors both during the summer and the autumn. Conclusion: This study indicates the result of an examination of nano-sized particles and heavy metal concentrations. It will provide useful data for the determination of basic nanoparticle standards in the future.

노년기 자아통합 척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구

최수현(Choi Su Hyeon),김혜리(Ghim Hei Rhee) 한국노년학회 2016 한국노년학 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 자아통합을 과거수용으로 정의하고 이를 측정하는 척도를 개발하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고자 실시하였다. 전문가 집단의 문헌연구를 통한 문항 개발과 문항 검토를 통해 15개의 문항을 최종 예비문항으로 선정하였고 이를 60세 이상 노인 436명에게 실시하였다. 이중 404명의 자료로 문항 분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 이를 통해 2요인 10문항으로 이루어진 자아통합 척도를 개발하였다. 요인 1은 모두 6개 문항으로 과거 삶의 의미를 이해하고 이를 수용하였는지를 알아보는 문항들로 구성되어, 요인 1을 ‘삶에 대한 긍정적인 태도’로 명명하였다. 요인 2는 4개 문항으로 자신의 삶을 부정하거나 과거를 있는 그대로 받아들이지 못하는 문항들로 부적 반응이 강할수록 과거를 수용한 것으로 볼 수 있기에, 요인 2를 ‘과거 수용’으로 명명하였다. 척도 전체 Cronbach α는 .87, 요인별 Cronbach α는 .92, .81이었다. 개발된 척도에 대한 확인적 요인분석과 추가적인 탐색적 요인분석 결과 2요인 구조 모형이 적합한 것으로 검증되었다. 또 관련 검사들과의 상관분석 결과, 척도의 타당도가 확인되었다. 본 척도의 특징은 현재 삶의 외적인 조건에 의해 자아통합 수준이 영향을 받을 수 있는 현재 삶의 만족 등을 묻는 문항은 포함하지 않았다는 것이다. 또한 본 척도는 비교적 적은 수의 문항으로 구성되어 노인들에게 쉽게 사용될 수 있다는 특징이 있다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점을 논의하고 후속 연구 방향을 제안하였다. This study was performed to develop a new ego-integrity scale and to test its reliability and validity. First, the preliminary 15 items were obtained by item development through literature review and by item selection from existing scales. These items were administered to 436 elderly. Through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, an ego-integrity scale consisted of 10 items with 2 factors was developed. Factor 1 was consisted of 6 items measuring the understanding of the meaning of past life and acceptance of past life, so it was labeled as positive attitude to life . Factor 2 was consisted of 4 items measuring the denying one s own past life, blaming others, and not accepting one s own life as it is. This factor was labeled as “acceptance of past life”. Cronbach α of total 10 items was .87, and items in two factors were .92 and .81 each. Confirmatory factor analysis and additional exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the 2 factor model was satisfactory. Reliability analysis of the ego-integrity scale and correlation analysis with the related tests indicated that the ego-integrity scale was a reliable and valid test. One characteristic of this test is not containing the items asking the present life satisfaction that could be affected by the external life conditions. In addition, this test was composed of a relatively small number of items that it would be appropriate to the elderly. The implications and limitations were discussed and directions for the further research were suggested.

전자빔 조사를 통한 고분자 표면 특성변화

최수현(Su-Hyeon Choe),허성보(Sung-bo Heo),최재욱(Jea-Wook Choi),장진규(Jin-Kyu Jang),김선경(Sun-Kyung Kim),최동혁(Dong-Hyuk Choi),손동일(Dong-Il Son),김대일(Daeil Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2020 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.29 No.6

전자빔 조사 에너지에 따른 TIO/Ag/TIO 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성 변화

최수현(Su-Hyeon Choe),허성보(Sung-bo Heo),장진규(Jin-Kyu Jang),김현진(Hyun-Jin Kim),최재욱(Jae-Wook Choi),김유성(Yu-Sung Kim),공영민(Young-Min Kong),김대일(Daeil Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2021 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.30 No.5

대기 중 PM_2.5의 중금속 성분의 화학적 특성

전혜리,최수현,임지영,박희진,홍은주,손부순,Jeon, Hye-Li,Choi, Su-Hyeon,Im, Ji-Young,Park, Hee-Jin,Hong, Eun-Ju,Son, Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: The changes in atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were extensively studied in one metropolitan city (Incheon), two small and medium sized cities (Gunsan, Cheonan), and a rural area (Gosan in Jeju). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) and the component features of $PM_{2.5}$ were determined for these areas. Methods: This study sampled $PM_{2.5}$ at the designated locations in the metropolitan (Incheon), small and medium sized cities (Gunsan in Jeonbuk and Cheonan in Chungnam), and rural area (Gosan in Jeju) to investigate concentrations with a sampling device (Sequential sampler, APM Eng., Korea). Sampling was undertaken over months, from June 26 to November 26, 2009. Sampling was conducted a total of 44 times, with routine sampling at intervals of six days (24 total times) and intensive sampling (20 total times) during the summer and fall. Mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was evaluated and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) were analyzed. Results: The geometric average of concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ per district was $35.289{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cheonan, $29.955{\mu}g/m^3$ for Incheon, $24.119{\mu}g/m^3$ for Gunsan, and $18.773{\mu}g/m^3$ for Jeju, respectively. The average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in Cheonan was the highest. The seasonal concentration distributions per district showed Cheonan $33.387{\mu}g/m^3$, Incheon at $31.550{\mu}g/m^3$, Gunsan $22.900{\mu}g/m^3$, and Jeju $18.900{\mu}g/m^3$ in the summer. For the autumn, the concentrations were $36.873{\mu}g/m^3$ in Cheonan, $28.625{\mu}g/m^3$ in Incheon, $25.227{\mu}g/m^3$ in Gunsan, and $18.667{\mu}g/m^3$ in Jeju. According to the collected data, the concentration showed a tendency to rise during the autumn in all of these regions with the exception of Incheon. For heavy metal distribution per district, Fe showed an elevated concentration during the summer while high concentrations of Pb and Zn occurred during the autumn. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that atmospheric factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals. The results of this study could be used as foundational data for setting environmental air standards focusing on a $PM_{2.5}$ receptor.

광양 일부지역의 오존 농도분포

조수연(Su Yeon Jo),최수현(Su Hyeon Choi),임지영(Ji Young Im),홍성철(Sung Chul Hong),이종대(Jong Dae Lee),양원호(Won Ho Yang),손부순(Bu Soon Son) 한국실내환경학회 2011 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3

We measured indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure concentrations of ozone (O₃) at 54 households in Gwangyang from June to September, 2009. The results are as follows. The concentration of ozone in outdoor, 16.53±5.72 ppb, was observed two times higher than the concentration of ozone in indoor, 8.22±4.60 ppb. The similar arithmetic average ozone were obtained in exposed and controlled areas, 15.16±1.45 ppb and 15.25±1.94 ppb, respectively. The ozone concentration of an individual smoker was 24.89±7.11 ppb, which was higher than that of a non-smoker, 21.01±11.79 ppb. The indoor occupant density elevated ozone concentrations. The relatively low concentration of ozone was observed in a house with air conditioner (8.59±4.04 ppb) than a house without the unit(10.07±6.43 ppb).

대기 중 PM2.5의 중금속 성분의 화학적 특성

전혜리(Hye-Li Jeon),최수현(Su-Hyeon Choi),임지영(Ji-Young Im),박희진(Hee-Jin Park),홍은주(Eun-Ju Hong),손부순(Bu-Soon Son) 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: The changes in atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations were extensively studied in one metropolitan city (Incheon), two small and medium sized cities (Gunsan, Cheonan), and a rural area (Gosan in Jeju). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) and the component features of PM2.5 were determined for these areas. Methods: This study sampled PM2.5 at the designated locations in the metropolitan (Incheon), small and medium sized cities (Gunsan in Jeonbuk and Cheonan in Chungnam), and rural area (Gosan in Jeju) to investigate concentrations with a sampling device (Sequential sampler, APM Eng., Korea). Sampling was undertaken over months, from June 26 to November 26, 2009. Sampling was conducted a total of 44 times, with routine sampling at intervals of six days (24 total times) and intensive sampling (20 total times) during the summer and fall. Mass concentration of PM2.5 was evaluated and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb) were analyzed. Results: The geometric average of concentrations of PM2.5 per district was 35.289 μg/m3 for Cheonan, 29.955 μg/m3 for Incheon, 24.119 μg/m3 for Gunsan, and 18.773 μg/m3 for Jeju, respectively. The average concentration of PM2.5 in Cheonan was the highest. The seasonal concentration distributions per district showed Cheonan 33.387 μg/m3, Incheon at 31.550 μg/m3, Gunsan 22.900 μg/m3, and Jeju 18.900 μg/m3 in the summer. For the autumn, the concentrations were 36.873 μg/m3 in Cheonan, 28.625 μg/m3 in Incheon, 25.227 μg/m3 in Gunsan, and 18.667 μg/m3 in Jeju. According to the collected data, the concentration showed a tendency to rise during the autumn in all of these regions with the exception of Incheon. For heavy metal distribution per district, Fe showed an elevated concentration during the summer while high concentrations of Pb and Zn occurred during the autumn. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that atmospheric factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals. The results of this study could be used as foundational data for setting environmental air standards focusing on a PM2.5 receptor.

서비스디자인 방법을 활용한 기업 내 연구지원 프로그램 개발 연구

최서희 ( Seo Hee Choi ),최수현 ( Su Hyeon Choi ),한유경 ( Yoo Kyung Han ),이혜선 ( Hye Sun Lee ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2016 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.54 No.-

새로운 핵심 기술 확보와 R&D 생산성을 높이기 위한 방안에 대한 관심은 점점 높아지고 있는 반면, R&D활동을 촉진하거나 저해하는 환경적 요인 및 연구원이지닌 업무적 동기와 욕구, 추구하는 가치 등에 대한연구는 충분히 수행되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 사람 중심의 접근 방식인 디자인 씽킹(Design Thinking)에 기반을 둔 서비스디자인 방법론을 활용, 기업 연구원의 실제 업무 환경 및 일터에서의 삶과 여가 생활등을 살펴보는 과정을 통하여 연구원의 니즈(Needs)와페인 포인트(Pain Points) 등을 파악하였다. 도출된 내용을 바탕으로 기업 내에서 활용 가능한 연구지원 프로그램 40종과 시나리오를 구성하였고, 이 최종 결과물을 연구원이 일하고 싶은 업무 환경 마련을 위한 하나의 방안으로서 제안한다. 연구 대상은 국내 전자 통신및 화학 분야 대기업에서 근무 중인 연구원이며, 연구진행 방식은 크게 Sensing, Understanding, Developing, Delivering 순의 4단계로 구성되었다. Sensing 단계에선연구원 9명을 대상으로 인터뷰를 진행하여, 실제 업무환경과 각 조직 간 소통 시 장애 요소를 이해하고 연구원 개개인의 삶, 가족, 여가, 업무 간의 밸런스와 각요소별 가치, 니즈(Needs) 등을 살펴보았다. Understanding 단계에선, 24명의 연구원을 대상으로 컬처럴프로브(Cultural Probes)를 진행, 개인의 여가 모습 및 업무와 관련한 내재적 동기 등을 파악하였다. Sensing과 Understanding 단계에서 도출된 내용을 바탕으로 연구원을 대표하는 특성을 정리하여 4가지의 유형으로 나누는 세그먼팅(Segmenting) 작업을 진행하였고, 페르소나(Persona)를 도출하였다. Developing 단계에선, 내부 워크숍(Workshop)과 24명의 연구원을 대상으로 한 코크리에이션 워크숍(Co-Creation Workshop)을 진행하여, 프로그램 컨셉을 구체화하였다. 마지막으로 Delivering 단계에선, 기업 내에서 활용 가능한 연구지원 프로그램 40종과 시나리오를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 최종 결과물인 연구지원 프로그램과 시나리오는 연구원의 직무 만족감과 몰입도를 높이는 업무 환경을 마련하기 위한 서비스디자인의 첫 시도이자 결과물로서의 가치를 지니고 있으며, 향후 국내 기업의 연구원의 잠재적 능력 향상과 업무 의욕 고취를 위한 실용적 수단으로 활용될 것이다. While there is a growing interest in securing new core technology and increasing productivity, research is not being sufficiently done on environmental factors promoting or hindering R&D activities and on researchers`` motive and desire for their work, values they pursue, etc. Accordingly, this study has investigated researchers`` needs and pain points through an examination of company researchers`` actual working environment, their life at the workplace, what they do in their spare time, etc, by using a Service Design methodology based on Design Thinking, a human-centered approach. Based on the derived results, we have organized 40 types of Employee Support Programs and Scenarios that can be used within companies and we propose these final results as one way to create a working environment in which researchers prefer to work. The subjects were researchers working at large Korean companies in the field of electronics and telecommunications and chemistry. The research was carried out in 4 stages in the order of Sensing, Understanding, Developing and Delivering. In the stage of Sensing, by interviewing 9 researchers, we became aware of their actual working environment and problems in communication between organizations and examined the balance between their personal life, family, spare time and work and the value of and their needs concerning each of these elements. In the stage of Understanding, by conducting cultural probes for 24 researchers, we examined how they spend their leisure time, their intrinsic motivation for work, etc. Based on the results derived from the stage of Sensing and Understanding, we organized characteristics typical of the researchers, conducted segmenting to classify them into 4 types and derived their Persona. In the stage of Developing, we conducted an Internal Workshop and a Co-Creation Workshop involving 24 researchers, based on which we concretized the concepts of the programs. Lastly, in the stage of delivering, we derived 40 types of Employee Support Programs and Scenarios that can be used within companies. The Employee Support Programs and the Scenarios, the final results of this study, have their value as the first attempt and result of Service Design for preparing a working environment which would increase researchers`` job satisfaction and engagement. They are also expected to be utilized as a practical tool for improving researchers`` potential ability and promoting their will to work.

일부 공단지역 주민의 요 중 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

조혜미 ( Hye Mee Jou ),최수현 ( Su Hyeon Choi ),정은경 ( Eun Kyung Chung ),정순원 ( Soon Won Jung ),양원호 ( Won Ho Yang ),손부순 ( Bu Soon Son ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This study analyzed the concentration of the heavy metals(Cd, Hg, iAs) of urine(n=576) from May, 2007 to Oct 2007. The subject was residents in G, Y, H industrial area, Jeollanam-do, in which exposure due to the adjacency of the industrial complex. As to the heavy metal concentration in the urine of the residents in the whole exposed region and the comparing region, the content of cadmium, mercury, and inorganic arsenic in the exposed region group were 1.23, 1.85, and 8.80 μg/g_ct respectively, and those of the comparing region group were 1.87, 2.00, and 8.93 μg/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the concentration of the comparing group was higher than that of the exposed group. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased in proportion to age except those under 10 for some substances(p<0.01). As to geometric mean concentration cadmium and inorganic arsenic in urine according to the smoking history of the subject, the concentration of the smoking group and the non-smoking group were 1.65 μg/g_ct and 9.13 μg/g_ct respectively, while those of the non-smoking group were 1.47 μg/g_ct and 8.91 μg/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the former is higher than the latter. As to the inorganic arsenic concentration in urine according to the food preference, in order of vegetable, fish, and meat showed high concentration (p<0.01). To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in urine among the subjects, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it turned out that as to cadmium content in urine, gender, age, drinking, and smoking have influence on the subjects, with explanatory adequacy of 37.5 %.

광양만권 공단지역 일부 지역 주민들의 VOCs 노출농도 및 건강위해성 평가

이치원 ( Che Won Lee ),최수현 ( Su Hyeon Choi ),홍성철 ( Sung Chul Hong ),정은경 ( Eun Kyung Chung ),정용택 ( Yong Taik Chung ),양원호 ( Won Ho Yang ),이종대 ( Jong Dae Lee ),손부순 ( Bu Soon Son ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.11

This research had been conducted from May to October 2007, studying 110 residents of G, Y, H industrial area in Jun-nam province. It is designed to understand the difference in levels of indoor, outdoor and personal exposure to VOCs(benzene, toluene, Ethylbenzene) and a health risk assessment was conducted to see if there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic or non - carcinogenic elements from a case group and a control group in all areas as well as each different area. In the case of benzene in the air, the geometric levels for the case group are indoor, outdoor and personal exposure; a higher than for the control group. As a results of the Monte - Carlo study about benzene, it shows that the case group`s carcinogenicity is higher than that of the control group and it also shows that, on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, all subjects are seen to exceed the carcinogenicity tolerance 10-6 of US EPA. In the case of toluene, ethylbenzene on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, these do not exceed the non - carcinogenic standard of 1, but toluene in RME condition for both groups` personal exposure and the indoor and personal exposure of ethylbenzene in Monte - Carlo show that these seem to exceed the standard.