19세기 초 閩南 사회의 해양 인식* ― 廈門志 의 편찬 의도와 구성상 특징을 중심으로 ―

채경수 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소 2023 梨花史學硏究 Vol.- No.67

After subduing the Zheng Group鄭氏集團, the Qing Dynasty implemented an inclusive sea opening policy開海 towards coastal areas. Even though Fujian福建 had historically served as the primary stage for the Zheng Group's operations, it was still encompassed within the purview of the sea opening policy. The Qing Dynasty established the Minahaiguan閩海關 in Xiamen廈門, a city that had long been a prominent stronghold for the Zheng Group. Subsequently, Xiamen evolved into an official foreign trade harbor for Fujian. Xiamen also served as the home port for the Fujian Navy福建水師, which was the sole naval force of the Qing Dynasty that remained in existence throughout the entire duration of the dynasty. The primary mission of the Fujian Navy was to safeguard and maintain control over the Taiwan Strait, a crucial geographical feature integral to the maritime defense of the Qing Empire. In summary, Xiamen underwent a transformation into the principal foreign trade port of Fujian while simultaneously becoming a vital component of the empire's maritime security. Xiamenzhi廈門志 was compiled under the guidance of a person named Zhou Kai周凯. Zhou Kai gathered a significant amount of local data while holding prominent positions in Southern Fujian during the 1820s. Building upon the publication of the Fujiantongzhi福建通志, Zhou Kai incorporated the latest information and successfully finalized his project in 1832. In 1839, two years after Zhou Kai’s passing, his fellow officials published Xiamenzhi to memorialize him. Xiamenzhi differs from other gazetteers in several respects. First, unlike other gazetteers which treat larger areas at least over county縣, Xiamenzhi covers only a single island. Second, Xiamenzhi directed its attention towards the ‘expansive maritime regions associated with Xiamen,’ rather than concentrating solely on Xiamen proper. Third, limited space for chapters pertaining to educational institutions, official appointments, and biographical content, in stark contrast to the more prevalent inclusions found in other gazetteers. These distinctions can be attributed to the objectives set forth by the compilation team under the leadership of Zhou Kai. Xiamenzhi shares both similarities and differences with Dongxiyangkao東西洋考, a late Ming-era handbook on the maritime world authored by Fujian intellectuals. Initially, these works delineate distinct parameters for defining ‘the ocean,’ and they employ varying criteria for categorizing different ‘seas.’ Secondly, they presuppose dissimilar readerships, consequently highlighting distinct focal points. In summary, while both books revolve around ‘the maritime world,’ they are grounded in different ‘conceptions of the maritime world.’ Differences between these books mirror the evolving status of Fujian in two distinct historical periods. The geopolitical concept of ‘Maritime Directivity,’ which underlies Fujian society, became evident in diverse ways within the context of interactions among the ‘local,’ ‘imperial,’ and ‘overseas’ regions.

[토론문] “만력연간 복건인의 중앙 정계 진출과 奸人 문제”에 대한 토론문

채경수 동양사학회 2023 동양사학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

Numb chin 증후군을 동반한 악성 혈액 질환 2례

채경수,지재환,이정애,안진석,우인숙,박영이,박영석,박지영,조현찬 大韓血液學會 1997 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

CO-CO2 혼합가스에 의한 온도별 및 단계별로 환원한 펠릿의 가스유효확산계수

채경수,이대철 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1992 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.30 No.4

The structure parameters of gas transport for the oxide pellet were obtained by the modified Wicke-Kallenbach method(abbreviated as W-K method in the present paper). The specimens are acid pellet, basic pellet. Reduction was conducted in CO-CO_2 gas mixtures in stepwise manner. The change of pore structure of the sample during the stepwise reduction was observed with the mercury porosimetry. Samples in a single particle were also reduced to observe the weight change during the stepwise reduction and the effective diffusivity was derived by applying the unreacted core model. Thus obtained values by different methods was compared with that by W-K method. The results are summarized as follows 1. Temperature dependence of parameters for the reduced phases as well as original sample of acid and basic pellets were determined at 850, 950, 1050℃ Thus obtained values display not the clear relation with temperatures but a tendency to a gradual increase with increasing temperature. 2. The porosity and average radius of the original and reduced phase of pellets were observed with the mercury porosimetry. These obtained values do display a tendency to a gradual increase with increasing temperature. 3. Good accordance was found between the effective diffusivity of pellets by using the unreacted core model and that obtained from W-K method except some cases in acid pellets.

明末 淸初 海上勢力의 浮沈과 國家權力의 對應

채경수 동양사학회 2021 동양사학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

淸朝의 包攝 政策과 鄭氏 隷下 海上集團의 轉向 ― 臺灣遠征隊 구성원의 성격 분석을 중심으로 ―

채경수 명청사학회 2019 명청사연구 Vol.0 No.52

This research attempts to draw a conclusion that the appeasement policy and the conversion of merchant-pirate groups under the Zheng served as the impetus of the Qing’s victory against the Zheng. Most of the Fujianese merchant-pirate groups were normally under the banner of the Zheng or cooperated in the business of the Zheng. When they did not have any common interests with the Zheng, they often stayed in neutral, hardly supported the Qing against the Zheng. The Zheng was able to fight against the giant-the Qing empire- under the endorsement of Chinese merchant-pirate groups. The Qing court implemented an appeasement policy targeting the Zheng continuously. The appeasement policy of the Qing may be categorized into two kinds. The one is conciliatory moves towards the chiefs of the Zheng directly. The other is aiming the subordinate groups of the Zheng instead. The former failed utterly, while the latter achieved enormous success. As a result, the Qing obtained powerful allies, whereas the Zheng lost its influence over the Chinese merchant-pirate groups. Fujianese formed a majority in the Taiwan campaign army from high-level officers to low-level soldiers. Many of them were surrenderers from the Zheng camp. In other words, the Zheng was conquered by the Qing navy, which was composed of Fujian littoral peoples, who escaped from the shadow of the Zheng’s influence. The military value of the Taiwan campaign army fell rapidly after the elimination of the Zheng. However, under Shi Lang’s tremendous efforts, the surrenderers melted into the Qing navy successfully. Surely, the retainment of Taiwan and the establishment of the Taiwan Garrison are the most representative achievements. In short, the merchant-pirate groups in Fujian did not disappear with the extinction of the Zheng but transformed themselves into the Qing navy successfully.

明代 海禁의 法制的 變遷

蔡暻洙 서울대학교 동양사학과 2014 서울大 東洋史學科 論集 Vol.38 No.-

鐵塊成光의 反應科程에서 가스 有效擴散에 關한 硏究

蔡京洙,李大喆 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 1990 工學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

The strcutrure parameters of gas transport for the iron ore agglomerate were obtained by the modified Wicke-Kallenbach method(abbreviated as W-K method in the present paper). Reduction of sinter was conducted in CO-CO₂gas mixtures in stepwise manner. The change of pore structrue of the sample during the stepwise reduction was observed with the mercury porosimetry. Samples in a single particle were also reduced to ovserve the weight change during the stepwise reduction and the dffective diffusivity was derived by applying the unreacted core model. Thus obtained values by different methods was compared with that by W-K method. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Apparent effective diffusivites(De,app) merge almost the equivalent values reduced to metallic iron although those of unreacted phases are extremely different. 2. The magnitude of De, app was found to be in order from smaller to larger one as secondary hematite, fine hematite and fine calcium ferrite. 3. The change in pore size distribution for hematite is similar to pellet but that of calcium ferrite is different from hematite. In the latter case, the pore having its diameter of about 10㎛ does not change so much but the pore of about 1㎛ grows extensively in progress of reduction. 4. This is attributed to the preferential reduction of some structures existing in calcium ferrite. The iron phase reveals almost the same porosity independent of that of the unreacted sample. 5. One dimensional unreacted core model was applied to the stepwise reduction of synthetic sinter. Good accordance was also found between the effective diffusivity of sinter derived by the model and that obtained by W-K method except some cases in which the slope of the mixed control plot was negative.

明淸交替期 海上權力의 動向 - 鄭成功勢力의 抗淸活動을 中心으로 -

蔡暻洙 서울대학교 동양사학과 2005 서울大 東洋史學科 論集 Vol.29 No.-

Ticlopidine에 의해 유발된 중증 중성구 감소증 2예

채경수,유희승,지재환,이종민,안진석,이정애,박영석,두영철,한규록,오동진,임종윤 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2