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쌀보리 종실 내 미생물 분포와 생균제 접종이 발효특성에 미치는 영향
안혜진,김기현,조은석,김조은,김광식,김영화,송태화,박종호,강환구,장선식,오영균,천동원,설국환,Ahn, Hye-Jin,Kim, Ki Hyun,Jo, Eun Seok,Kim, Jo Eun,Kim, Kwang-Sik,Kim, Young Hwa,Song, Tae Hwa,Park, Jong Ho,Kang, Hwan Ku,Jang, Sun Sik,Oh, Young K 한국초지조사료학회 2015 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.35 No.4
본 시험은 동계작물인 쌀보리의 알곡에 대한 사료로서의 활용도를 제고하고자 미생물 분포를 분석하고, 발효과정중 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성의 변화 분석을 통하여 효과적인 발효사료 제조방법을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 즉, 수확된 쌀보리 종실에 시판 생균제를 기준에 맞게 접종한 후 공기와 접촉하지 않도록 밀봉하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 발효를 통해 쌀보리 종실의 저장성과 안전성을 증진시킬 수 있다. 쌀보리 종실 자체에 Staphylococcus속과 Bacillus속의 미생물들이 다수 존재하여 자연발효의 가능성이 있음을 보여 주었다. 또한 생균제를 접종하지 않은 쌀보리 종실도 기간이 경과됨에 따라 산도가 저하되고 유산균 수가 증가하여 발효가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 쌀보리 종실에 생균제를 접종하였을 경우, 발효 7일차에 pH가 $4.33{\pm}0.02$로 발효가 더 빨리 진행되었으며, 유산균의 수도 전체 발효기간 동안 미 접종 대조구에 비해 높게 유지되었으나, 효모의 수에 있어서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 발효에 의해 쌀보리 종실의 산도가 저하됨에 따라 초기 $10^7cfu/g$ 이상 검출되었던 대장균이 발효 7일차 이후부터는 전혀 검출되지 않아 발효가 쌀보리 종실의 안전성을 유지시키는 데 있어 효과적인 저장방법으로 나타났다. This study was performed to analyze the resident microbial flora and the effects of probiotic inoculation on the fermentation characteristics of whole grain naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) with the goal of evaluating the possibility of utilization as fermented feedstuff. Naked barley grains were harvested 35 days after heading, and the microbial flora was analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. After inoculation of commercial microbes to the naked barley grain (BT), the pH and number of bacteria, such as aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and E. coli, were measured and compared with the non-inoculated control (BC). A total of 122 colonies was isolated from the naked barley grain and the most popular bacteria species was Staphylococcus xylosus (n = 30, 24.59%). The pH value decreased more rapidly in BT than in BC, and was significantly lower after 7 days of fermentation at $4.33{\pm}0.02$ and $4.83{\pm}0.01$, respectively. The number of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast showed an increasing trend within the first 7 days of fermentation, however, their numbers decreased at 28 and 42 days of fermentation. The population of lactic acid bacteria in BT was higher than in BC, but there was no significant different at 7 days of fermentation, with respective levels of $9.24{\pm}0.20$ and $9.01{\pm}0.10logCFU/g$ (p>0.05). The initial number of E. coli was very high in the naked barley grain but subsequently decreased significantly. After 7 days of fermentation, E. coli was not detected in either BT or BC samples. From these results, it appears that the fermentation of naked barley grain proceeded adequately after 7 days, and that fermentation contributes to the safety of naked barley grain during storage.
고로슬래그 기반 분말활성탄 혼입방법에 따른 미세먼지 흡착형 경화체의 특성
김연호 ( Kim Yeon-ho ),조은석 ( Jo Eun-seok ),이상수 ( Lee Sang-soo ) 한국건축시공학회 2020 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1
Recently, the problem of air pollution is drawing attention as a social problem worldwide. Particularly, fine dust is the biggest issue among air pollutants, and it is analyzed that fine dust is generated from air pollutants such as burning fossil fuels such as petroleum or coal, or exhaust gases from automobiles. In addition, yellow dust originating from China adjacent to Korea flows into the Korean Peninsula in a western wind, causing the concentration of fine dust to deteriorate. Fine dust is a harmful substance to the human body such as asthma or respiratory disease, and awareness of the risk is also increasing to a degree designated as a primary carcinogen. In this study, as a method for improving the indoor air quality, the Properties of the matrix according to the mixing ratio of powdered activated carbon based on blast furnace slag are reviewed. The flexural strength and compressive strength were measured, and a fine dust concentration measurement experiment will be conducted later.
이원규 ( Lee Won-gyu ),조은석 ( Jo Eun-seok ),이상수 ( Lee Sang-soo ),송하영 ( Song Ha-young ) 한국건축시공학회 2018 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.18 No.2
Korea has many problems due to the asphalt pavement or impermeable pavement. Many methods are being implemented to improve water circulation. Among them, permeable packaging materials are used. However, existing permeable packaging materials have a problem of causing efflorescence and clogging the pores. The pores of the permeable packing material are clogged and the permeability is lost. This leads to economic problems and product problems. The purpose of this study was to develop a block to prevent efflorescence.
배합사료 내 항생제 사용금지 이후 양돈농가 생산성적 변화 조사
김기현(Ki-Hyun Kim),조은석(Eun-Seok Cho),김광식(Kwang-Sik Kim),김조은(Jo-Eun Kim),설국환(Kuk-Hwan Seol),박준철(Jun-Cheol Park),김영화(Young-Hwa Kim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.3
This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the pig productivity after ban of antibiotics growth promoter in commercial pig farms. A total 74 pig farms that herd size is from less than 100 sows to more than 500 sows were selected for survey. Changes of pig productivity before/after ban of antibiotics were analyzed by comparing with our survey results and report of KPPA (Korean Pork Producers Association, 2013). In the results, no difference on pig productivity was observed by herd size among our survey farms. Live born piglets have been raised as time passes since 2003, and then it reach to 10.6 head per sow in 2012. The numbers of weaning piglet tended to increase, but sow turnover ratio was found to be a tendency to decrease after ban of antibiotics in our survey results. There was no effect of using antibiotics on mortality of pre- and post- weaning. Marketing per sow per year (MSY) does not be improved because the post-weaning mortality was maintained at a high level, despite live pig born and weaning piglet have increased after 2003. In conclusion, a ban of antibiotics growth promoter does not directly affect to pig productivity, but it needs the efforts to reduce the mortality of post-weaning for improvement of pig productivity. We suggest that this data will be useful to swine industry as the fundamental information.
이유자돈 사료 내 동애등에(Hermetia illucens )의 첨가가 분변지수, 혈액성상, 면역반응 및 소장형태에 미치는 영향
최요한(Yo-Han Choi),김조은(Jo-Eun Kim),정현정(Hyun-Jung Jung),조은석(Eun Seok Cho),김동우(Dong-Woo Kim),김진수(Jin-Soo Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4
본 실험은 사료 내 동애등에(HI, Hermetia illucens )의 첨가가 이유자돈의 분변지수, 혈액성상, 면역반응 및 소장형태에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해 총 24두의 이유자돈(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 5.86±0.13 kg)을 공시하였으며, 개시체중에 기반하여, 4처리 6반복, 반복당 1두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 실험기간은 0~14일간 진행하였다. 실험 처리구는 옥수수-대두박 기초사료를 대조구로 하여 기초사료 내 HI를 1, 2 및 3% 첨가한 처리구가 포함되었다. 혈액성상에서 사료 내 HI의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 혈중 단핵구(p <0.01)와 호산구(p <0.05)가 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 적혈구는 선형적으로 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었다(p =0.08). 한편, 면역반응에서 혈 중 TNF-α의 수치는 사료 내 HI의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었으며(p =0.067), 분변지수 또한 HI의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었다(p =0.058). 소장형태에서 십이지장의 융모 높이는 HI의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 개선되는 유의적인 효과가 나타났다(p <0.05). 본 실험의 결과들을 종합해보면, 사료 내 HI 첨가는 이유자돈의 설사저감, 면역반응 및 소장형태에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것을 시사한다. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of feed supplementation with Hermetia illucens (HI) on the fecal score, blood profiles, immune response, and small intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 24 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc; 5.86±0.13 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments and 6 replicates on the basis of initial body weight. The experiment was accomplished over 0-14 days. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 3% HI. A linear response to increasing dietary HI was observed for the number of monocytes (p<0.01) and eosinophils (p<0.05), whereas red blood cells tended to decrease with increasing HI levels. Plasma TNF-α levels were also determined to linearly decrease with HI supplementation (p=0.07). Moreover, a linearly decreasing tendency (p=0.06) was observed in the fecal score with increasing dietary levels of HI. Weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with increasing dietary concentrations of HI showed linearly improved (p<0.05) duodenal villus height during the study period. Taken together, these results indicate the beneficial effects of HI on diarrhea reduction, immune response, and small intestinal morphology in weaned pigs.