Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius ATCC 27952에서 Doxorubicin 생합성을 조절하는 dnrN 유전자의 분석

조광원(G.W. Cho),최영길(Y.K. Choi),채영규(Y.G. Chai),홍영수(Y.S. Hong),황철규(C.K. Hwang),이정준(J.J. Lee) 大韓微生物學會 1996 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

「논어」의 ‘서(恕)’의 관점으로 본 2015 개정 초등 도덕과 교육과정 분석

조광원 ( Cho Kwang-won ) 한국초등도덕교육학회 2020 초등도덕교육 Vol.0 No.70

도덕적 타락은 현대 사회에서 우리가 극복해야 할 과제이다. 공자가 「논어」에서 강조했던 ‘서(恕)’는 초등 도덕 교육 속에서 배려의 실천원리로서 학습자가 내면의 진정성을 바탕으로 타인과의 관계를 올바르게 맺는 도덕적 행동을 가능하게 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서(恕)를 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 2015 개정 초등 도덕과 교육과정을 분석하고 보완하고자 하였다. 서(恕)의 관점에서 ‘배려’를 핵심가치로 설정한 ‘타인과의 관계’ 영역의 내용 요소, 도덕과 기능, 교과서 활동을 분석한 결과, 7개의 내용 요소, 7개의 도덕과 기능, 13개의 교과서 활동은 서(恕)가 담겨 있었으나, 행동적 측면이 인지적 측면보다 상대적으로 부족하여 이에 대한 보완은 필요할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 교육현장에서 도덕을 가르치는 교사들은 초등 도덕과 교육과정에서 서(恕)에 대한 충분한 이해를 바탕으로 접근하기를 기대해본다. Moral corruption is a task that we must overcome in modern society. The ‘Shu(恕)’ that Confucius emphasized in the Analects of Confucius is a practical principle of consideration in elementary moral education, and it will enable learners to engage in moral behaviors in which the learners establish relationships with others correctly based on their inner authenticity. Therefore, this study attempted to identify ‘Shu(恕)’ and analyze and supplement the 2015 revised elementary school moral subject curriculum. From the point of view of ‘Shu(恕)’, the analysis of content elements, moral skills, and textbook activities in the area of ‘Relationships with others’, which set ‘caring’ as the core value, showed that 7 content elements, 7 moral skills, and 13 textbook activities contained ‘Shu(恕)’, but the behavioral aspect is relatively lacking than the cognitive aspect, and it seems necessary to supplement it. And teachers who teach morality in the field of education look forward to a sufficient understanding of ‘Shu(恕)’ in elementary moral subject curriculum.

TGIF에 의한 Human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR) 발현 조절

조광원(Goang-Won Cho) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.9

원암단백질로 알려진 Human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR)은 발암억제 단백질인 p53과 작용하여 다양한 암조직에서 암의 유발을 촉진한다. 그러나, 아직 정확한 발암 유도기전이 알려져 있지 않다. 이러한 의문을 해소하기 위한 일환으로 본 연구에서는 HCCR의 발현이 어떻게 조절되는지를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 HCCR 5’ 쪽의 promoter 영역을 분리하여 Luciferase assay법을 이용하여 K562, HEK293, A549 세포에서 분석하였고, Promoter의 -370에서 -406사이 36bp의 첨가로 promoter활성이 의미 있게 억제됨을 관찰하였다. 또한, 36 bp만을 포함하는 probe를 이용한 mobility shift assays (EMSA)에서 핵단백질이 결합함을 관찰하였고, 컴퓨터를 이용한 분석에서 TG-interacting factor (TGIF)에 대한 consensus sequences 존재함을 관찰하였다. TGIF 만을 포함하는 probe (TG)와 돌연변이를 유발한 probe (mTG)를 이용한 EMSA에서 이 자리에 TGIF가 결합함을 보였다. 또한, TGIF 자리에 돌연변이를 유발하면(pGL3-mTGIF) 발현의 억제가 회복됨을 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 HCCR promoter의 특성을 분석하였고, 이 과정에서 -390에서 -366 사이에 TGIF 전사인자가 결합하여 전사활성을 조절함을 증명하였다. Proto-oncogene human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR) functions as a negative regulator of p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis in various human tissues. However, it is unknown how HCCR contributes to the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of human tumorigenesis. In this study, we showed how the expression of HCCR is modulated. The luciferase activity assay indicated that the HCCR 5'-flanking region at positions -370 to -406 plays an important role in the promoter activity. Computational analysis of this region identified one consensus sequence for the TG-interacting factor (TGIF) located at -390 to -366 (TG). Mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that nuclear proteins from K562 bind to the TG site, but not to the mutated TG site. The reporter activity assay with promoter constructs carrying mutated TGIF sequences pGL3-mTGIF significantly increased reporter activities compared to wild type constructs pGL3-406~+30. In this study, we characterized the HCCR promoter and found that HCCR expression was partially regulated by the transcription repressor TGIF, which bound the promoter at positions -390 to -366.

효율적인 Radix-4 모듈러 곱셈기의 시스톨릭 어레이 구조

조광원(Gwang Won Cho),박태근(Tae Geun Park) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.11

시스톨릭 어레이 구조를 갖는 효율적인 n-비트 Radix-4 모듈러 곱셈기 구조

박태근,조광원,Park, Tae-geun,Cho, Kwang-won 한국정보처리학회 2003 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.10 No.4

본 논문에서는 Montgomery 알고리즘을 기반으로 시스톨릭 어레이 구조를 이용한 효율적인 Radix-4 모듈러 곱셈기 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 모듈러 곱셈을 위한 반복의 수가 감소되었으며, 따라서 n-비트의 모듈러 곱셈을 수행하기 위하여 (3/2)n+2 클럭이 소요된다. 그러나 하드웨어의 이용도를 감안할 때 두 개의 곱셈에 대한 중첩(interleaving) 연산이 가능하며, 가장 빠른 시기에 새로운 곱셈을 시작한다면 하나의 모듈러 곱셈을 수행하기 위하여 평균 n/2 클럭이 필요하다. 제안된 구조는 시스톨릭 어레이 구조의 잇점으로 규칙성과 확장성을 갖기 때문에 효율적인 VLSI 구조로 설계하기가 용이하다. 기존의 다른 구조들과 비교하여 볼 때 제안된 구조는 상대적으로 적은 하드웨어들을 사용하여 높은 수행 속도를 보여주었다. In this paper, we propose an efficient architecture for radix-4 modular multiplication in systolic array structure based on the Montgomery's algorithm. We propose a radix-4 modular multiplication algorithm to reduce the number of iterations, so that it takes (3/2)n+2 clock cycles to complete an n-bit modular multiplication. Since we can interleave two consecutive modular multiplications for 100% hardware utilization and can start the next multiplication at the earliest possible moment, it takes about only n/2 clock cycles to complete one modular multiplication in the average. The proposed architecture is quite regular and scalable due to the systolic array structure so that it fits in a VLSI implementation. Compared to conventional approaches, the proposed architecture shows shorter period to complete a modular multiplication while requiring relatively less hardware resources.

전기경련충격시 경쟁적 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응(CRT-PCR)을 이용한 흰쥐 뇌 c-fos 유전자의 발현 양식 분석

양병환,이제욱,박응철,유재학,조광원,양보기,채영규,Yang, Byung-Hwan,Lee, Jei-Wook,Park, Eung-Chul,Yu, Jae-Hak,Cho, Goang-Won,Yang, Bo-Gee,Chai, Young-Gyu 대한생물정신의학회 1996 생물정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

To clarify the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive shack(ECS) in respect to molecular biology, and to detect the quantitative amount of change of c-fos gene expression after ECS in the rat's brain, the authors obtained brain specimens from the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Each brain was removed within 30min. after ECS(130V, 0.5sec) and ECS-sham. Then we performed RT-PCR. The results are 1) ECS was found to affect the expression of immediate early genes. 2) the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was more influenced by ECS thon in the cerebellum and striatum. From these results, we can suggest that ECS is related to the mechanism of cognition, mood, memory which is correlated to cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

중간엽줄기세포의 노화에 따른 후생유전학적 변화

오윤서(Youn Seo Oh),조광원(Goang-Won Cho) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

중간엽줄기세포는 성체줄기세포의 한 종류로, 자기재생산능력(self-renwal)과 다분화능(multipotency)을 가지고 있고, 다양한 자양인자(trophic factors)들을 분비한다. 뿐만 아니라, 중간엽줄기세포는 골수, 지방, 탯줄과 같은 조직에서 쉽게 얻을 수 있기 때문에 줄기세포치료에 좋은 도구로 이용되고 있다. 하지만, 줄기세포치료의 효율성을 높이기 위해 추출한 세포의 개체 수를 늘리는 과정에서 중간엽줄기세포는 점차적인 노화를 겪게 되고, 이는 줄기세포 자체의 기능적인 감소를 야기한다. 인체 내에서, 노화된 줄기세포는 조직 내의 항상성 유지에 부정적인 영향을 미치게 되고, 이러한 상태가 지속되면 대표적인 노인성 질환인 퇴행성 질환의 원인이 된다. 최근 연구들에 의하면 중간엽줄기세포가 노화를 겪을 때, 노화 관련된 DNA 메틸화 패턴의 변화와 히스톤의 변형이 일어남을 확인하였다. 또한, 중간엽줄기세포의 노화에 있어서 DNA 메틸화효소(DNA methyltransferase) 억제제와 히스톤 아세틸화효소(histone deacetylase) 억제제가 부분적으로 노화를 개선하는 효과를 관찰한 연구사례들이 있다. 본 총설에서는, 노화에 따른 후생유전학적인 변화에 의해, 조절되는 노화 관련 유전자들과 중간엽줄기세포의 노화에 대한 연구사례들을 분석하여 서술하고자 한다. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their multipotency capacity, which allows them to differentiate into diverse cell types (bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, and neuron-like cells) and secrete a variety of trophic factors (ANG, FGF-2, HGF, IGF-1, PIGF, SDF-1α, TGF-β, and VEGF). MSCs can be easily isolated from human bone-marrow, fat, and umbilical-cord tissues. These features indicate that MSCs might be of use in stem-cell therapy. However, MSCs undergo cellular senescence during long-term expansion, and this is accompanied by functional declines in stem-cell potency. In the human body, because of their senescence and declines in their microenvironmental niches stem cells fail to maintain tissue homeostasis, and as a result, senescent cells accumulate in tissues. This can lead to age-related diseases, including degenerative disorders and cancers. Recent studies suggest that the number of histone modifications to stem cells’ genomes and aberrant alterations to their DNA methylation increase as stem cells progress into senescence. These epigenetic alterations have been partly reversed with treatments in which DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are introduced into replicative senescent-MSCs. This review focuses on epigenetic alteration in replicative senescent-MSCs and explains how epigenetic modifications are widely associated with stem-cell senescences such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, calcium signaling, and apoptosis.

홍조류인 Gracilaria vermiculophylla 추출물에 의한 노화 골수유래 중간엽줄기세포의 항노화 및 분화능력 개선 효과

정신구(Sin-Gu Jeong),조태오(Tae Oh Cho),조광원(Goang-Won Cho) 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.9

홍조류인 꼬물꼬시래기(Gracilaria vermiculophylla)는 전 세계의 해변 지역에 널리 퍼져 있으며 아시아 국가에서 식량 자원으로 이용되어왔다. 이전 연구에 따르면, Gracilaria 속 홍조류 추출물에서 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 노화된 인간의 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포(hBM-MSCs)를 이용하여 Gracilaria vermiculophylla 추출물(GV-Ex)의 항노화 효과를 조사하였다. MTT 분석와 immunoblot 분석(apoptotic protein p53과 cleaved caspase-3)을 이용하여, GV-Ex 전처리는 산화적 스트레스에 의해 손상된 hBM-MSCs의 세포생존력을 향상시킴을 확인하였다. 또, 세포내 생성된 ROS는 장기간 배양 된 MSCs (Passages 17; P-17)와 P-7 MSC에서 측정하여 서로 비교하였는데, P-17 MSC에서 증가되었고, GV-Ex 처리하면(GV-Ex treated P-17 MSCs) 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한, 항산화 효소인 SOD1와 SOD2, CAT의 발현 역시 GV-Ex 처리함에 따라 복원됨을 관찰하였다. 노화표지단백질인 p53와 p21, p16 등의 발현 또한 GV-Ex를 처리한 P-17 MSC에서 감소되었다. 줄기세포의 골세포(osteocytes) 혹은 지방세포(adipocytes)로 분화하는 능력 역시 GV-Ex를 처리한 P-17 MSCs에서 개선되었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해, GV 추출물은 노화된 줄기세포의 기능을 개선함을 시사한다. The red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla is widespread on seashores worldwide and has been used as food in Asian countries. Previous studies have reported that extracts of Gracilaria red algae have beneficial anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study examined the anti-senescence effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla extracts (GV-Ex) in replicatively senescent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). GV-Ex pretreatment improved the cellular viability of hBM-MSCs that had been injured by oxidative stress. These effects of GV-Ex were confirmed by MTT assay and immunoblot analysis using the apoptotic proteins p53 and cleaved caspase-3. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined in long-term cultured Passages 17 (P-17) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and compared to P-7 MSC. The ROS accumulation was greater in the P-17 than in the P-7. However, these increased ROS levels in the P-17 were decreased significantly after treatment with GV-Ex, and restoration of the levels of the anti-oxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, and CAT was also observed under these conditions. In addition, P-17 hBM-MSC treated with GV-Ex had decreased levels of the senescence proteins p53, p21, and p16. The results show that the ability of P-17 hBM-MSC to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes was improved by GV-Ex treatment, suggesting that GV-Ex ameliorates the functional decline of senescent stem cells.

인간 골수유래-중간엽 줄기세포(hBM-MSCs)에서 PDE4 억제조절을 통한 신경세포 분화 효율 개선

정다희(Da Hee Jeong),조이슬(I-Seul Joe),조광원(Goang-Won Cho) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.12

인간 중간엽 줄기세포(hMSCs)는 신경세포(neuron-like cells)를 포함한 다양한 세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 지닌 성체 줄기세포(adult stem cells)이다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 골수유래-중간엽기세포(bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells; hBM-MSCs)를 이용한 신경분화에서 신경세포 표지자(neuronal marker)인 NF-M, Tuj-1 뿐만 아니라 성상세포 표지자(glial marker)인 GFAP의 발현 역시 의미 있게 증가함을 real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical staining법을 통하여 관찰하였다. 이를 개선하기 위하여, 신경분화에 중요한 신호전달자(signal intermediator)인 PDE4를 억제한 후 신경분화를 유도하였다. PDE4 억제자인 rolipram 혹은 resveratrol를 각각 처리하여 신경분화한 줄기세포(Roli- or RSV-dMSCs)에서 NF-M, Tuj-1의 발현이 증가하였고 반면, GFAP의 발현은 감소함을 real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical staining법을 통하여 관찰하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, PDE4를 조절하며 줄기세포의 신경분화를 개선할 수 있음을 보였다. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Previous studies, including our own, have shown that MSCs can also differentiate into neuron-like cells. However, their rate of neuronal differentiation is not sufficient for application to stem cell therapy, which requires well-defined cell types. For this purpose, we first examined the expression of neuronal lineage markers (GFAP, MAP-2, KCNH1, Nestin, NF-M, and Tuj-1) by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. The expressions of the astrocyte marker GFAP and neuronal markers NF-M and Tuj-1 increased in neuronal differentiated MSCs (dMSCs). To improve the neuronal differentiation efficiency, PDE4, an important signaling intermediator in the progression of neuronal differentiation, was modulated using well-known inhibitors such as rolipram or resveratrol and then differentiated into neuronal cells (Roli- or RSV-dMSCs). The expressions of NF-M, Tuj-1 were increased while that of GFAP decreased in Roli- and RSV-dMSCs, which were examined by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. From these experiments, we have found that the neuronal differentiation efficiency can be ameliorated by the modulation of PDE4 activity.

외상 중환자에서 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS) 점수와 다른 예후예측 지표들과의 비교

이준호 ( Jun Ho Lee ),이순정 ( Sun Jung Lee ),조광원 ( Kwang Won Cho ),황성연 ( Seong Youn Hwang ),표창해 ( Chang Hae Pyo ) 대한외상학회 2004 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Background: Since the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was first introduced in 1992, it has been well-known as an significant indicator to predict the level of severity and outcomes in medical, surgical and trauma patients for the last ten years. There are several other indicators such as triage Revised Trauma Score (t-RTS), Triage Score (TS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) to predict trauma patients` severity and outcomes, and the authors focused on comparing the SIRS with those five other indicators to predict severity and outcome of traumatic intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Material and Method: The retrospective medical records of four hundred forty one consecutive ICU trauma patients from the emergency center, Masan Samsung Hospital from March 2002 and February 2003 have been carefully examined, and among them, three hundred fifty six were included as the target of this research. The t-RTS, TS and TRISS were calculated based on the record from the emergency center and operating rooms while SIRS, APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ were measured by the data for the first twenty four hours after their ICU hospitalization. The predictability of SIRS and other indicators was evaluated by using two by two decision matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Result: Using injury severity score 15 as the gold standard, the accuracy of SIRS was higher than t-RTS, yet it was not higher than the one of TS (p<0.01). And the areas under the ROC curves of the SIRS, TS and t-RTS were 0.645±0.073, 0.803±0.054 and 0.766±0.054, respectively (p<0.01 vs. SIRS). Using survival as the gold standard, the accuracy of SIRS was remarkably lower than the ones of TRISS, APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ(p<0.01 vs. SIRS). And the areas under the ROC curves of the SIRS, TRISS, APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ were 0.665±0.052, 0.925±0.023, 0.946±0.025, and 0.965±0.017, respectively(p<0.001 vs. SIRS). Conclusion: The authors concluded that even though SIRS was closely related to death rate and injury severity score, yet its predictability was lower than the ones of other indicators mentioned above.