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Nb과 Sn 첨가에 따른 Zr 합금의 재결정 및 TEP 거동
정흥식,오영민,정용환,김선진,Jeong, Heung-Sik,O, Yeong-Min,Jeong, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Seon-Jin 한국재료학회 2001 한국재료학회지 Vol.11 No.2
Zr-Sn-Nb 합금의 재결정에 미치는 Nb과 Sn의 첨가영향을 연구하기 위해 냉간압연한 시편을 $300^{\circ}C$~75$0^{\circ}C$의 온도구간에서 열처리한 후에 미소경도와 TEP (Thermoelectric Power)를 측정하여 재결정 거동을 조사하였으며 광학현미경, 주사전자 현미경 (SEM), 투과전자현미경 (TEM)으로 미세조직을 관찰하였다 미소경도 및 미세조직의 분석 결과에 따르면, Nb과 Sn의 첨가에 의해 재결정 활성화 에너지가 증가하여 재결정이 지연되었으며, 재결정 완료 이후의 결정립 성장도 억제되었음을 관찰하였다. Zr내의 고용도가 매우 낮은 Nb의 첨가는 석출물을 쉽게 형성하는 반면에 고용도가 비교적 큰 Sn은 기지상 내에 대부분 고용되어 석출물의 양이 매우 작았으나, Sn 첨가에 의한 재결정의 지연 효과가 더욱 컸다. Nb보다 Sn의 첨가가 Zr 합금의 재결정 거동을 효과적으로 지연시킨 것은 고용도가 높은 SR에 의한 치환형 고용체 형성과정에서 발생된 응력장이 전위의 이동을 효과적으로 억제했기 때문으로 생각된다. 한편, 회복과 재결정이 진행됨에 따라 전자 산란인자의 감소로 TEP는 증가하였으며, 재결정이 완료되면 TEP의 포화가 발생하였다. 석출물의 형성은 석출물 주변의 용질농도 감소로 인한 전자 산란인자의 감소에 기인하여 TEP의 증가를 가져왔다 To investigate the effects of the addition of Nb and Sn on the recrystallization of Zr- Sn-Nb alloys, both Vickers micro-hardness test and TEP measurement were carried out on cold-worked specimens annealed at various temperatures from $300^{\circ}C$ to 75$0^{\circ}C$. The microstructures of heat treated specimens were analyzed by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM. The study of microhardness and microstructures showed that both recrystallization process and grain growth were retarded as the activation energy was increased by the addition of Nb and Sn. Especially, the addition of Sn was more effective on retarding recrystallization. Precipitates were formed more easily when Nb was added because the solubility of Nb into Zr is lower than that of Sn. However, the recrystallization process was affected more by Sn than Nb because the strain field formed by substitutional Sn repressed the dislocation movement. TEP was increased due to the decrease of electron scattering as recovery and recrystallization were proceeded and saturated when the recrystallization completed. However, when precipitates formed, TEP was increased because the decrease of solute concentration near the precipitates caused the decrease of electron scattering.
정흥식,이용태,Jung, Heung-Shik,Lee, Yong-Tae 대한동의생리학회 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.6
The following conclusions are drawn from Hyungsang medicinal review on th globs hystericus through Donguibogam and other literatures. The globs hystericus appears in the throat and the epigastric region. It is a subjective sensation as if a plum pit is stick in the throat and is compressed, usually ac companied by stuffiness in chest, depression, nausea, and hiccup. But the throat is not marked with redness and swelling. Because Gi stagnation due to seven emotions is the main cause, the globs hystericus is usually followed by Seven Gi injuries, Pain and depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, palpitation due to fright, continuous violent palpitation, Gi phlegm, precordial pain with palpitation, epigastric pain due to seven emotions, cough and dyspnea due to disorder of Gi, and six kinds of stagnations. When head and body or chest and abdomen is compared to heaven and earth, the blockage of Gi between heaven and earth is common to the persons with the following charcteristics in Hyungsang; Dam type rather than Bankwang type, Gi type and Shin type rather than deer type and fish type, Taeum and Yangmyeong meridian types out of six meridian types, manly women, womanly man, too long or short neck, and signs of stagnation between the eyebrows. The globus hystericus needs, distinguishing from aphonia, acute tonsilitis, goiter, and pectorial pain with stuffiness. The affected area of aphonia and acute tonsilitis is the throat but they are not cause by the disturbance of seven emotions. Goiter can be distinguished by the changes in the appearance of neck. Even though the symptoms are similar, globus hystericus is caused by the stagnation of Gi, but the pectorial pain with stuffiness, by the insufficiency of the Heart blood. The general prescriptions are Chilgitang, Sachiltang, Gamisachiltang, Gamiijintang, and Sinihwan.
공인규,정흥식,안창규 한국청소년학회 2007 청소년학연구 Vol.14 No.1
본 연구는 일반계 고등학교 학생들에 대한 학업성적위주의 진로지도에서 나타나는 진로장애 요인에 주목하여, 학업성취 수준에 따른 진로장애의 내용을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 부산광역시 소재 Y일반계 고등학교 1학년 학생 전체 452명으로 하였다. 이들에 대하여 전국연합학력평가, 기초학력부진측정 등을 고려하고 학업우수아, 학업정상아, 및 학업부진아로 구분하였으며 진로장애요인, 즉 학업부진, 자신감 부족, 진로 비합리적 신념, 신경증, 역할갈등, 의사결정의 어려움 등 6가지 하위요인으로 이들을 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과 학업성취수준에 따라 전체진로장애, 각 하위요인별로 각각 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 일반계 고등학교 학생들에게 학업성취수준은 확실히 진로장애의 결정적인 요인이 된다는 결론에 따라 학업성적에 의한 진로지도의 문제점과 진로상담에 대한 함의를 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors for carrier barriers in terms of three academic achievement levels, thus under-achievers, normal-achievers and over-achievers. The subjects were consisted of 439 male of 12th grade students in Busan, Korea and divided into three achievement groups (16.4% for low, 67.5% for middle, 16.4% for upper) based on academic achievement test by the National Education Board and on self-reported deficiency of academic ability. The Career Barrier Inventory (Cho, 2001) was administered to three academic groups. As the results, there were statistically significant differences among the means of three achievement levels in such career barriers as underachievement, lack of confidence, career irrational belief, neuroticism, role conflicts, and decision-making difficulties. Especially, The underachievement and role conflicts have significant differences all areas of career barriers. Based on the results, implication for career guidance and counseling practice were suggested.
TEP 분석을 이용한 냉간가공된 Zr-based 합금의 등온열처리에 따른 회복 및 재결정 거동에 관한 연구
오영민,정흥식,김선진,O, Yeong-Min,Jeong, Heung-Sik,Kim, Seon-Jin 한국재료학회 2001 한국재료학회지 Vol.11 No.6
냉간가공된 Zr 합금을 $575^{\circ}C$에서 $650^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 유지시간을 달리하여 열처리하는 동안에 발생하는 회복 및 재결정 거동을 TEP(ThermoElectric Power)와 미소경도 분석을 통하여 연구하였다. 냉간가공과 열처리에 따른 합금의 회복 및 재결정온 격자결함, 공공, 전위, 적층결함 등이 소멸함에 따라 TEP가 증가하는 거동을 보였다. 이러한 TEP 분석은 미소경도 분석에 비해 재결정의 완료를 정확하게 예측할 수 있었으며, 특히, Zr-0.4Nb-xSn합금에서는 미소경도 분석으로 쉽게 구분하기 어려운 회복 및 재결정 단계를 명확하게 나타내었다. TBP와 미소경도 분석을 이용한 Zr-base합금의 재결정 거동에 따르면, Sn을 첨가하는 경우에 Sn이 치환형 고용체로 존재하기 때문에 이로 인한 응력장과 전위와의 상호작용에 기인하여 회복이 지연되는 현상을 가져왔으며, Nb함량을 증가시키는 경우에는 재결정 지연 효과가 미미하였으나, 석출물 형성에 의한 결정립 성장의 지연효과가 크게 나타났다. The recovery and recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled Zr-based alloys during isothermal annealing at temperatures from $575^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$ was studied by thermoelectric power and Vickers microhardness measurement. The recovery and recrystallization resulted in the increase of TEP doe to the extinction of lattice defect, vacancy, dislocation and stacking fault during isothermal annealing after cold- rolling. The completion of recrystallization could be determined much clearly by TEP behavior than by microhardness change in Zr-based alloys. Especially, the recovery and recrystallization were classified separately by TEP behavior in Zr-0.4Nb-xSn alloys. From the analysis of TEP behavior and microhardness, the addition of Sn caused to form the interaction between stain field and dislocation, which resulted in the delay of recovery in Zr-based alloys. The precipitation due the addition of Nb suppressed the grain growth after recrystallization effectively in Zr-based alloys.