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Theories of Neuroleptics' Effects on Operant Behavior
Jung, Pyeong-Soo 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.5 No.1
행동 약물학(Behavioral Pharmachology)은 잘 통제된 동물 모델을 토대로 항정신성 약물(antipsychotic drug)과 관련된 신경마비제(neuroleptics)의 급작성 복용효과(subcataleptic dose effect) 연구에 크게 기여하고 있다. 이 연구들은 주로 D_(1), D_(2), 또는 혼합된 D_(1)/D_(2)의 길항제 [Antagonists: SCH23390 (D_1), Raclopride (D_2), Pimozide (D_2), Sulpiride (D_2), Haloperidol (D_1/D_2), Thioridazine (D_1/D_2) etc.]들을 사용한 고전적 신경마비제(classical neuroleptics) 연구로부터 도출된 결과들을 토대로 하여 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 제기된 신경마비제의 효과에 대한 세 가설을 설명하고자 한다. 첫째로 엔헤도니아 가설(anhedonia hypothesis)은 신경마비제가 유기체에게 유인가/동기적 가치(incentive/moti-vational value)를 지니게 됨으로써 이 헤도닉 강화물(hedonic reinforcement)은 신경전달 물질을 매개로 하여 중변연 도파민 기제(mesolimbic dopamine system)에 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 둘째는 운동효과 가설(motor effect hypotheses)로, 신경마비제가 특정 운동기제(specific motor system)에 손상을 야기함으로써 생리적, 기능적으로 부작용(side effect)을 나타낸다는 것이며, 마지막 가설은 연합효과 가설(associative effect hypothesis)로서 항정신제가 기억과 학습에 중요한 중추기관으로 생각되는 중변연(mesolimbic)과 중피질(mesocortical)에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이다. 결과적으로 이 세 가설을 종합해 볼 때, D_(1)과 D_(2) 길항제와 각 수용기의 기능적 역할들과 관련하여 제기된 문제들을 명확히 하는 데 일조할 것으로 사료된다. Behavioral Pharmachology has provided more refined animal models for investigating the effects of subcataleptic doses of neuroleptics on operant behavior since the early day of behavioral pharmachology. Based mainly on findings obtained from classical neuroleptics that are either D_(1)/D_(2) mixed antagonists or D_(2) antagonists, some theories connected this neuroleptic-induced phenomena to anhedonia (incentive/motivational) changes, whereas others used motor impairments, and associative deficits as explanatory concepts. First, the anhedonia hypothesis assumes that reinforcers have hedonic value for the organism, and this hedonic impact is mediated through dopaminergic neurotransmission as case that mesolimbic DA system is the neuronal circuitry involved in reward/motivational processes. Second, the motor effects hypotheses focused on identification of motor side effects of neuroleptics drugs, in addition to the findings of the behavioral studies, likehood of neuroleptic-induced motor impairment is also suggested by the fact that among the anatomical regions where DA antagonists bind is the striatum which is a part of the extrapyramidal motor system and claimed to be involved in control of motor activity. Third, possible effects of neuroleptics on processes other than motor activities were suggested by the fact that antipsychotics target the mesolimbic and mesocortical DA system, which are believed to be important in memory and learning process. Taken together, re-evaluation of three major hypotheses may helpful to clarity some of the issues related to D_(1) and D_(2) antagonists and functional roles of respective receptors.
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정은재,김기환,정인환,정평수,김진영,우한영 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.1
Alternating donoreacceptor type copolymers, poly[{5,11-di(90-heptadecanyl)indolo[3,2-b]carbazole}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,50-diyl}] (PIC-TZ) and poly[{6,60,12,120-tetraoctylindeno [1,2-b]fluorene}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,50-diyl}] (PIF-TZ), were synthesized and examined for applications in polymeric photovoltaic cells. The polymers have a fused coplanar main backbone with good planarity for intermolecular packing and high charge mobility. The indolocarbazole and indenofluorene units contain two or four binding sites for alkyl substituents that have pronounced solution processiblity compared to the carbazole and fluorene moieties. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the synthesized polymers were determined to be 11,000 g/mol (PDI ¼ 2.27) for PIC-TZ,and 17,000 g/mol (PDI ¼ 1.77) for PIF-TZ. The optical band gap of PIC-TZ and PIF-TZ in film was determined to be 2.14 eV and 2.21 eV, respectively, and an electrochemical study confirmed the desirable HOMO/LUMO levels of the copolymers, which enabled efficient electron transfer and a high open circuit voltage (VOC) when blending them with fullerene derivatives. The space charge limited current mobility measurements showed a hole mobility of 103 cm2 V1 s1 for the copolymers. When the polymers were blended with [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), PIC-TZ showed the best performance with VOC, short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency of 0.86 V, 4.16 mA/cm2 and 1.64%,respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination conditions (100 mW cm-2).
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노승훈(Seung-Hoon Ro),정평수(Pyeung-Soo Jeong),안재우(Jae-Woo An),강희태(Hee-Tae Kang),이태훈(Tae-Hoon Lee) 한국산업융합학회 2010 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.4
Laser welding is widely used for precision welding because of superior mechanical properties and high productivity. Generally the accuracy of the welding is determined by the distribution of the bead which is affected by the structural vibrations of the equipment. This study was originated to stabilize a laser welding machine to minimize the bead distribution for the precise joining. The structural properties of the laser welding machine have been investigated to analyze the major factors of the vibrations to cause the bead distribution. The ideas for the design improvement have been applied to the simulation model to identify the effects and further to achieve the stability design and to minimize the bead distribution. The result shows that a few simple design alterations can substantially suppress the structural vibrations and improve the welding accuracy. The procedure used for this study can also be applied to similar welding equipments for improving the structural stability and the welding accuracy.
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최종호(Jongho Choi),이주선(Jusun Lee),김영기(Youngki Kim),정평수(Pyeung-Soo Jeong) 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1
본 논문은 (영상 기반) 백혈구(WBC, White Blood Cell) 감별 기기 개발을 제안하며, 기기는 영상 인터페이스, {검출, 감별}부로 구성한다. 먼저, 영상 인터페이스 부 내에, {고속, 고해상도} 산업용 카메라와 트리거(Trigger) 조명을 이용하여 백혈구 영상의 분해능을 향상 시키고, ISP(Image Signal Processing)을 적용하여, 영상을 보정한다. 백혈구 검출은 {저,고}배율로 구분하여 수행한다. (저배율 내에) 백혈구 후보를 검출한 후에, 고배율로 이동하여 최종적인 백혈구를 검출한다. 여기서 최종적인 백혈구는 AR(Artifact Cell)을 제외한 {정상, 비정상} 백혈구를 의미한다. 크로핑(Cropping)된 백혈구 영역 내에, 단일기반 영역 분할을 수행하고, (분할된 영상 내에) CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)[1]와 Random Forest[2]을 이용하여 14-클래스의 백혈구를 감별한다. 성능 검증은 TPR(True Positive Rate)방식으로, 정확도를 평가하였고, 처리시간은 (S/W 기준) 각각의 모듈 별로 측정하였다. 결론적으로, 95% 이상의 성능으로 실시간 처리가 가능함을 확인하였다.
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DVR 모니터의 동특성 향상을 위한 구조 개선에 관한 연구
김건형(Geon-Hyeong Kim),이원규(Won-Koo Lee),이태훈(Tae-Hoon Lee),노승훈(Seung-Hoon Ro),정평수(Pyeong-Soo Jeong) 한국산업융합학회 2010 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.2
Structural vibrations are among the biggest concerns in developing high resolution DVR(Digital Video Recorder) monitors. The vibrations in DVR monitors are mostly originated from the excitation sources such as the HDD and the cooling fan. In this study, the vibrations generated from the excitation sources were investigated in order to analyze the individual effect on the structural vibrations of the monitors and further to establish the design alteration to suppress the vibrations for the stability of the structure and for the better quality of the screen. The result shows that relatively simple design alterations can improve the stability of the structure substantially.
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