한국산 녹차와 홍차가 고지혈증 유도 쥐에 있어서 혈청 지질 대사에 미치는 영향

정영희,한성희,신미경,Jung, Young-Hee,Han, Sung-Hee,Shin, Mee-Kyung 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The study investigated the serum lipid metabolism and enzyme activities of Korean teas for their preventative activity against chronic disease and obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised for 8 weeks on four experimental diets: normal diet, hyperlipidemic diet, and hyperlipidemic diet to which green and black teas (2% each) were added. Various biological actions, including lipid metabolism and enzyme activities of the serum, were investigated. Diet-induced, hyperlipidemic rats fed with green and black teas, showed significant decrease in food efficiency ratio, triglyceride, total lipid, and phospholipid compared to control, i.e. the normal and diet-induced, hyperlipidemic rats. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Al(atherogenic index), LHR, VLDL-cholesterol, ester-cholesterol, and free-cholesterol also showed a significant decrease. However, there was no significant difference between the tea-fed, diet-induced, hyperlipidemic dieted groups. HDL-cholesterol concentration was increased significantly in the tea-dieted and normal groups compared to the control. There was a little difference in lipase activity between the normal and control groups, although green and black tea-dieted experimental groups were both increased compared to the control. The contents of total lipid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were decreased in the normal and experimental groups compared to the control. The GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH serum enzyme activities of the experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to those of the control groups.

구취유발세균에 대한 $NANOVER^{TM}$의 항균효과 검사 1. Nanosilver가 구취 세균의 증식에 미치는 영향

정영희,모혜원,정지숙,최경호,최재갑,허윤경,이상흔,Jung, Young-Hee,Mo, Hye-Won,Jeong, Ji-Suk,Choi, Kyung-Ho,Choi, Jae-Kap,Hur, Yun-Kyung,Lee, Sang-Heun 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2009 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.34 No.1

Recently there is much interest in the antibacterial activity of nano-sized silver particle (nanosilver) since silver is known to be safe and effective as disinfectant for a long time. Oral malodor is considered to originate in the oral cavity primarily as a result of production of malodorous compounds by oral bacteria. Major compounds responsible for oral malodor are volatile sulfur compounds, which is thought to be generated by the G(-) anaerobic bacteria found normally in the oral cavity, especially on the dorsum of the tongue. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of nanosilver on growth of oral malodor generating microorganisms, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Klebsiella pneumonia, and to determine the optimal culture condition of them. The results were as follows: 1. The optimal culture condition for P. melaninogenica was vacuum culture using desiccator after evacuation of air by vacuum pump in chopped beef meat media. 2. The growth of K. pneumonia was temporarily inhibited by nanosilver (5 ppm and 10 ppm). 3. The morphological alteration and cell damage caused by nanosilver were observed in K. pneumonia.

유아교육기관에서의 요가활동이 유아의 행복감과 일상적인 스트레스에 미치는 영향

최민수(Choi, Min-Soo),정영희(Jung, Young-Hee),오윤진(Oh, Yoon-Jin) 한국영유아보육학회 2012 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.71

본 연구는 유아교육기관에서의 요가활동이 유아들의 행복감을 증진시키고 일상적인 스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는지를 알아보고자 어린이집 유아 30명을 대상으로 요가활동을 적용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 요가활동은 유아들의 행복감을 증진시키는 데 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 행복감의 하위영역 중 인지 및 성취와 부모관계, 생활만족을 제외한 몰입, 건강, 영성, 또래관계, 교사관계, 정서에서 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 요가활동은 유아들의 스트레스를 감소시키는 데 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 상술한 연구결과를 볼 때 하루일과 중에서 대근육활동 시간을 이용하여 요가활동을 실시하면 유아들이 요가자세에서 요구되는 다양한 신체적 움직임 자세를 취하는 과정에서 긴장되어 있던 근육들이 이완되면서 몸과 마음이 편안한 상태가 되어 유아들에게 행복감을 주고, 일상적인 스트레스를 줄여줄 수 있음이 검증되었다. This study aimed to find out whether yoga may reduce young children’s stress and promote their happiness. In this work, a total of 70 young children was selected: 30 young children at childcare center located in G city for an experimental group; 40 young children for each age group at the childcare center in the same area for a control group The findings were as follows: First, yoga activity had a positive impact on young children’s enhanced happiness. The yoga activity revealed that there was a significant difference in young children’s recognition and achievement, relationship with their parent, immersion, health, spirituality, peer relationship, teacher-infant relationship, and emotion excluding satisfaction in life, among sub-areas of happiness. Second, yoga activity had a positive impact on the young children’s reduction in stress. Yoga activity was programmed and analyzed to find its effect. As a result, it was revealed that stress index was reduced. It was analyzed that yoga is very effective to reduce stress in young children’s since yoga moves the whole body and body wastes are eliminated from the body in the process of striking a pose in yoga practice, and knotted muscles loosen and then both body and mind are in a relaxed state.

유치원에서의 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동이 유아의 정서지능 및 행복감에 미치는 영향

최민수(Choi Min-Soo),정영희(Jung Young-Hee),김정옥(Kim Jung-Ok) 한국영유아보육학회 2012 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.72

본 연구는 G지역에 거주하는 유치원 원아 70명을 대상으로 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동이 유아의 정서지능 및 행복감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보기 위한 목적으로 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 두 가지 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 유치원에서의 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동이 유아의 정서지능에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 둘째, 유치원에서의 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동이 유아의 행복감에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유치원에서의 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동은 실험집단과 통제집단 비교에서 정서지능 하위영역인 자기인식, 감정조절, 타인인식, 대인관계 모든 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 유치원에서의 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동은 실험집단과 통제집단 비교에서 행복감 하위영역인 부모관계, 교사관계, 인지 및 성취, 몰입, 정서, 건강, 생활만족 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 유아의 정서지능과 행복감 증진을 위해 꽃과 채소 가꾸기 활동의 체험들이 적절하고 의미 있는 교육활동으로 현장에 적용해 볼 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find out how flower and vegetable growing activity will have an influence on young children’s emotional intelligence and happiness. The subjects of study were 70 young children in the age group of 5 years at G kindergarten and H kindergarten. Among those 70 young children, each 35 young children were allocated to both experimental group and control group, respectively and then flow growing activity and vegetable growing activity were classified for separate allocation. The findings were as follows: First, flower and vegetable-growing activity had a positive influence on young children’s emotional intelligence. In particular, looking at the effect of emotional intelligence by sub-area, it was analyzed that there was a significant statistical difference in self-recognition, emotion adjustment, recognition of others, interpersonal relationship, and all areas-sub area of emotional intelligence between experimental group and control group. Second, flower and vegetable-growing activity had a positive influence on young children’s happiness. Looking at the effect of happiness by sub-area, it was appeared that there was a significant statistical difference in young children parent relationship, young children-teacher relationship, peer relationship, young children’s recognition and achievement, immersion, emotion, health, and satisfaction in life -subarea of happiness-between experimental group and control group, but no significant statistical difference in spirituality.

이야기나누기 수업절차모형을 적용한 유아교사의 임상장학 효과

정영희 ( Young Hee Jung ) 미래유아교육학회 2006 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 이야기나누기 수업절차모형을 개발 및 적용하여 유치원과 어린이집 유아교사에 대한 임상장학 효과를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 이루어 졌다. 연구결과 첫째, 이야기나누기 수업절차모형을 적용한 임상장학 집단 유아교사들은 통제집단 유아교사들에 비하여 이야기나누기 수업활동 능력이 향상되었다. 둘째, 이야기나누기 수업절차모형의 적용 효과는 5년 미만의 유아교사들에 비하여 5년 이상의 경력을 소유한 유아교사들에게서 더 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 이야기나누기 수업절차모형의 적용 효과는 2-3년제 전문대학을 졸업한 교사들과 4년제 대학교 이상을 졸업한 교사들 사이에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to develop a Story-telling Instructional Process Model and to find its application effect. To achieve the study goal, research questions were established according to teacher`s variables(group, educational background, and teaching experience). To verify the study problems, 32 teachers of 6 early childhood educational institution located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were selected and divided into clinical supervision group and control group. A Story-telling Instructional Process Model(SIP Model) composed of planning, execution & development, and an evaluation was developed by the researcher. Clinical supervision group teachers were given 8 sessions of story-telling lessons appling SIP Model by the researcher for the period of 8 weeks, about 3hours each session. Teachers of control group were given a story-telling lesson according to their own ordinary curriculum. To verify the application effect of a SIP Model, measuring tool was developed. The measuring tool was `story-telling lesson activity evaluation table` for a teacher. In an analysis of all the study results, t-test and one way variance analysis were conducted using SPSS 10.0 program for Window. The results obtained are as follows: First, teachers of the clinical supervision group who conducted a lesson by applying a SIP Model improved in their story-telling lesson ability higher than the control group teachers who conducted a story-telling lesson according to ordinary curriculum. Second, in an application effect of a SIP Model indicated in the clinical supervision group, teachers having more than 5 years` teaching career showed higher improvement than teachers having less than 5 years` career. Third, there was no difference between teachers who graduated from 2-3 year system college and teachers who graduated from 4 year university in application effects of a SIP Model.

유치원 종일제 특별활동 실태 및 인식 조사

정영희(Jung Young Hee),김덕희(Deok Hee Kim) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2012 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 유아교육기관의 종일제 프로그램의 운영 실태 및 인식을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 G광역시에 위치한 104개의 국공립 및 사립유치원을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종일제 운영 실태를 볼 때 학급수는 1학급이 가장 많았고, 유아수는 21-40명 사이였으며, 96.2%가 오후에 재편된 종일반을 운영하고 있었다. 둘째, 유치원에서 가장 많이 실시하고 있는 종일제 특별활동 프로그램은 음악, 미술, 체육, 기타 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유치원의 특별활동은 대부분 특별활동 관련 학과를 졸업한 외부강사에 의존하여 이루어지고 있었다. 담임교사들이 생각하는 강사 만족도는 높았고, 교수방법에 대해서는 긍정적이었으며, 강사 전문성 또한 높은 것으로 평가하였다. 넷째, 종일제 특별활동 운영에 대한 인식을 볼 때 대부분 설문조사 대상자들은 특별활동 지불비용이 적정하다고 생각하였다. 학부모가 선호하는 특별활동 강사는 외부강사였으며, 특별활동을 실시하는 이유는 부모님 요구에서 비롯되었다. 설문대상자들이 가장 필요하다고 생각하는 특별활동은 미술, 체육, 음악, 외국어 순이었고, 특별활동의 적정 횟수는 보편적으로 주 2-3회가 적당하다고 응답하였다. The purpose of this study was to identify the operation status and current state of individualized education in full-time kindergarten in kindergarten centering on Gwangju Metropolitan City. The subjects of study were 200 sites randomly selected among a total of 250 kindergarten located at Gwangju Metropolitan City. A roll of questionnaire was sent to the 200 kindergarten and the returned mails were only from more than 109 places. Based on the returned data, the faithfulness of those replies was checked, and in the final stage, a survey of 104 kindergarten was analyzed. The results of this study were as follows: First, looking at the operational status of full-time kindergarten, for the number of classes, 1 class showed the highest(52.9%), for the number of young children, 21-40 young children occupied 44.7%, and 96.2% of them operated the reorganized full-time class in the afternoon. In the configuration of teachers in the reorganized full-time class, 1 person occupied the highest(41.8%) as a primary teacher in the afternoon full-time class and most of class members were composed of mixed-aged infants. With respect to the operational hours for full-time class, 2-5 p.m. (8hrs) occupied 35%, 2-6 p.m. (9hrs) 27%, 2-7 p.m. (10hrs or more) 38% on the basis of going to the kindergarten at 8 a.m. Second, the order of the most-frequently practicing full-time extracurricular programs was music(53.8%), followed by art(41.3%), physical education, and others. Third, Kindergarten's extracurricular activities mostly relied on outside instructors who graduated from the extracurricular activity-related academic department. It was appeared that homeroom teacher's satisfaction in those instructors was 60.8%, and their response that they are suitable for the kindergarten infants occupied 83.3% as well. In relation to teaching method, 71.5% thought that they are positive and appraised the instructor's expertise too highly. Fourth, looking at the current status of operational directions for full-time extracurricular activities, most of survey respondents said that extracurricular costs are reasonable. It was appeared that parents' satisfaction was 84.6%, parents' preference of extracurricular instructors were outside instructors, and the operation of the extracurricular activity was requested by parents. The extracurricular activities that survey respondents think that they need most were art(most preferred), physical education, music, and foreign language in the order. The appropriate frequency of this extracurricular activity was twice a week for 3, 4 years(in Korean age), and three times a week for 5 years old(in Korean age), but it was usual that respondents said 2-3 times a week.

혼합연령 동네놀이 장애아 통합교육을 통한 W자폐아에 관한 사례연구

정영희(Jung Young Hee),박미경(Park Mi Gyoung) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2007 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.11 No.3

  본 연구는 동네놀이 혼합연령 장애아 통합교육에서 변화되어 가고 있는 W자폐아에 대한 사례연구이다. 연구대상 자폐아는 만 3세에서 만 12세까지 보육시설에 머무는 시간 중 한 시간씩 발달에 적합한 개별적 교육치료를 받았다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 기간에 따라 크게 둘로 구분하였다. 첫째는 초등학교 입학까지 혼합연령 통합교육 프로그램에서 일반 유아들과 함께 어울리면서 치료자와 1:1 관계로 부적절한 행동을 수정하였다. 둘째, 초등학교 입학에서 12세까지는 방과 후 프로그램을 통하여 발달에 적합한 개별적 교육치료를 실시하였다. 사례연구를 통하여 자폐아는 편안하고 안정된 환경에서 부드러운 언어적ㆍ신체적 자극이 필요하고, 기본욕구 충족을 위한 사회적 지원체계가 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 6학년이 되어 W자폐아는 유아들의 이름 외우기를 즐거워하고 주변 사람들과 자연스러운 대화법을 터득해 나가게 되었다.   The purpose of study is to find autistic child in earlier stages by way of providing psychological stability, freedom of dynamic physical activity, and improvement of intellectual abilities through various games in different environments and administering an inclusive educations program in neighborhood play designed for different patterns of social pathologies in children.<BR>  The results of this study are as follows:<BR>  First, the actions and thoughts of the autistic child were found to be intimately affected by the child"s family background and the environment that the child lives in.<BR>  Second, educational support systems for autistic child must be operated in an environment during the infancy stages in order to fulfill basic desires.<BR>  Third, it was observed in an inclusive educational activity through a neighborhood play of a community of children of mixed ages with the autistic child and normal children that the autistic child must be able to grow up in a natural environment.

대학생의 올바른 목적의식 정립을 위한 선(禪)수행 프로그램 개발 연구

정영희(Jung, Young-Hee) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2016 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.75

현대사회는 급격한 변화속도에 따른 정보화, 대중화, 세계화 등의 다양한 양상을 보이고 있고, 이에 따른 긍정적 측면과 부정적 단면들이 공존하고 있다. 부정적 현상들은 현대사회를 구성하는 인간의 문제로 귀착되며, 심신질환, 인간소외, 인간성 상실 등의 문제를 심각하게 드러내고 있다. 이러한 현실 속에 선(禪)수행, 명상(冥想) 등은 문제점들을 해결할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 이에 ‘대학생’을 위해 특성화한 선수행 프로그램은 진로로 고민하는 대학생들에게 실질적으로 도움이 될 것으로 기대하며 그 효과를 살펴보았다. ‘나의 꿈, 우리의 행복(My Dream, Our Happiness)’ 선수행 프로그램은 개인의 꿈을 구체화 시켜가는 과정에 타인의 행복을 함께 고려할 수 있는 사고력 증장을 목표로 한다. 이러한 태도는 불교적으로 상구보리(上求菩提) 하화중생(下化衆生)의 마음가짐이라고 할 수 있다. 상구보리 하화중생이란 위로는 깨달음을 추구(개인의 꿈 성취)하고 아래로는 중생구제(타인과의 행복 구현)를 의미한다. 이러한 목적의식은 불교의 이상적 인간상이자 우리 사회에 필요한 인재상이라고 할 수 있다. 프로그램은 12주 과정으로 대학의 교양강좌 수강생들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 개인의 꿈에 대한 성찰과 성취를 위한 명상 방법으로 이미지 트레이닝을 제시하였고, 타인과 주변의 관계성을 살펴볼 수 있는 방법으로 묵조선(黙照禪)의 방법을 활용하였다. 이미지 트레이닝은 자신의 꿈이 실현되고 있는 것처럼 구체적으로 시각화시켜가는 명상법이며, 묵조선은 묵묵히 자신을 관조하면서 자신과 주변의 경계를 허물어 가는 방법으로 이는 대만의 성엄(聖嚴, 1930-2009)스님이 제시한 방법이다. 또한 참가자들에게 연기적 사고와 자비심이 함께 계발 될 수 있도록 구성한 수행일지를 작성하게 하였고, 이러한 일련의 과정들을 3차에 걸쳐 <인터뷰-Dream 작성지>를 배부하여 참가자들의 사고력 변화를 살폈다. 그 결과 학생들에게 나타난 변화는 진로에 대한 인식태도의 변화가 두드러졌다. 졸업후 진로를 취직을 하는 것으로 생각했던 것을 ‘꿈’이라는 단어로 접근하기 시작하면서 불안과 부담으로 여겼던 진로에 대한 고민이 꿈과 희망이라는 긍정적 요소로 자리 잡았고, 보다 적극적인 태도로 목표를 구체화시켜 갔다. 또한 프로그램이 진행될수록 <인터뷰-Dream 작성지>에는 개인적 차원을 넘어 가족, 친구, 직장동료들과의 관계에 대한 중요성과 행복 공유의 내용, 봉사 등의 사회에서의 역할, 자기가 하는 일이 타인에게 미치는 영향 등에 대한 묘사가 많아졌다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 해당 선수행 프로그램은 대학생들에게 자신들의 꿈에 대해 보다 진지하고 긍정적인 태도를 가지게 하고 타인과의 행복 역시 중요하게 여기는 올바른 목적의식, 즉 상구보리 하화중생의 마음가짐 고취에 도움이 되는 것으로 본다. Contemporary society shows various phases like informatization, popularization, globalization, and others resulting from its drastic change. Accordingly, both positive and negative sides exist at the same time. The negative sides boil down to the problems of human beings who comprise contemporary society, and they reveal social problems like mental and physical disorders, public alienation, and the loss of humanity on a serious level. In this circumstance, Seon practice and meditation are currently presented as alternative solutions of these problems. Thus I have proposed a Seon practice program specially prepared for college students with the expectation that it will be of practical help for those collegians concerning over future. The program titled “My Dream, Our Happiness” aims at developing thinking ability to consider other peoples happiness simultaneously in the course of actualizing one’s dream. Such a way of thinking can be said to be the mind of “seeking enlightenment above, transforming sentient beings below” in Buddhist terms. This means to exert oneself to achieve individual dreams on the one hand, and embody happiness along with others on the other. Those possessing this sense of purpose are indispensible for our society, and they are ideal human beings in Buddhism. This program was intended for the students of a twelve-week liberal arts course in a university. It included an image training as a meditative method for reflecting on and achieving individual dreams, and it also put to use Silent Illumination Chan as a method for investigating relations with others. The image training is a method of visualization in which one’s dream has been achieved. And Silent Illumination Chan, a method of silently contemplating oneself, tries to remove the boundary between oneself and others, which was originally proposed by Chan Master Sheng Yen from Taiwan. In addition, the participants of the program were asked to keep a daily record of training which was organized for promoting the thought of interdependence and compassion. Through such a series of processes a sheet of paper was distributed to record one’s dream for total of three times, and then this paper was collected to check on possible changes in the participants’ thinking ability. At the end of the program the most prominent change took place in participating students’ attitude toward their future. As the students began to approach their future life in terms of their “dream” rather than getting a job, they came to replace their apprehensions about uncertain future with more positive factors like dreams and hopes, and they tended to actualize their goal in a more positive manner. Moreover as the program proceeded, their dream paper showed more descriptions about the matters like the importance of relationship, and the sharing of happiness, among their family, friends, and fellow workers; the social actions like community service; and the influence of their work on others. Judging from these results, this Seon practice program can be viewed as helpful to instill in collegians a right sense of purpose, i.e., “seeking enlightenment above, transforming sentient beings below” which allows them to have a more serious and positive attitude toward their dream and also to value highly happiness along with others.

다제내성 그람양성균 감염증

정영희 ( Young Hee Jung ),김홍빈 ( Hong Bin Kim ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.5

Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective treatment of bacterial infections and is a serious problem worldwide. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are difficult to treat and the treatment outcome is worse than with susceptible bacteria. In Korea, the antibiotic resistance rates of the major Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) are very high. Clinicians should know the risk factors for developing multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, update the changing local epidemiology of resistant bacteria, and choose appropriate antibiotics in clinical practice. The overuse and misuse of broad spectrum antibiotics should be avoided. This review focuses on the epidemiology and risk factors of MRSA, VRE, and PRSP, the major multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. (Korean J Med 2015;88:487-501)

畿湖興學會 忠南支會의 活動에 관한 硏究

鄭英熹(Jung Young Hee) 역사실학회 2001 역사와실학 Vol.19·20 No.-

The threatened national state of mind of the Japanese colonial era made the nation concentrate a lot of its efforts on education. These interests were shown through the establishment of many private educational institutions. The Gi-ho Education Revival Assembly(畿湖興學會) was a patriotic enlightenment group that was established in 1908 for the purpose of the revival of education in the region of Gi-ho. While establishing a Gi-ho school to train teachers and running a teacher introduction agency, it established a school for each county to maximize the effects of education. The members of the plenary and branch office participated in education promotion movements and national debt-compensation movements(國債報償運動). Rural county officials sponsored these institutions under the ‘Private School Order(私立學校令)’ and were the foundation that allowed the Gi-ho assembly to continue their campaigns. However the activities of the plenary and branch office had to proceed under the law approved by the Residency-General. In reality, the workers tried not to create a conflict between the rural officials and their objectives. Also, although the activities of the workers at the branch office and the activities of the plenary coincided with each other, differences existed between different regions. Seen from these points, the activities of the plenary and the branch office of trying to deter the development of the Japanese colonialization was beyond their reach, and they had difficulty accomplishing their goals. However their activities included participation in the Independence Movement on March 1st, the Night-study Movement(夜學運動), the Production Promotion Movement(物産?勵運動), and the People′s University Movement(民立大學設立運動). These participations all became the basis for the Skills Development Movement(實力養成運動).