HS-SPME-GC/MS 방법을 이용한 실크벽지 원자재의 TVOCs 기여도 평가

정탁교,장미옥,김만구 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

The contributions of the TVOC toluene-equivalent emission of raw materials was investigated for PVC wallpaper. A Headspace of each raw material were concentrated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by GC/MS. Static headspace of PVC wallpaper was generated in the 22ml of glass vial at 25℃ and sampled by using a 75 um thickness of carboxen-polydimethylsiloxanfiber. The typical VOCs are oilic peaks eluted between n-decane and n-hexadecane, and carbonyl compound, 2-butanone, n-hexanal, 2-ethyl-hexanol, 4-tetradecanal, hecanoic acid and aromatic compounds, toluene, m,p-xylene, styrene, Dileunt showed the highest contribution to TVOC emission of 0.52, and plasticizer was 0.20, and resin stabilizer showed 0.14. the improvement of these raw material was recommended in odor to reduce TVOC emission of PVC wallpaper.

알칼리함침필터를 이용한 대기 중 휘발성 지방산 채취방법

정탁교,김만구,장미옥,정영림,차규석 한국냄새환경학회 2006 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.5 No.2

In this study, alkali impregnated filter sampling method was considered for VFAs in ambient air. When KOH concentration was 0.5 N and sampling flow velocity was 5~10 L/min the sampling efficiency was higher than 90 percent. More than 3 minute shaking make the sampled filter to be suspended in the 22.3 mL Vial. Alkali impregnated filter sampling method showed more than 4 times higher response compared to alkali solution sampling method, when the sample was analysed by headspace-gas chromatography. Five kinds of volatile fatty acids (propionic acid, i-butyric acid, n-butyric acid, i-valeric acid, valeric acid) were detected within 1.0~9.8 ppbv in the cow shed by alkali impregnated filter method and headspace gas chromatography. The alkali impregnated filter method was the most suitable sampling method for ambient volatile fatty acids with headspace gas chromatography analysis.

공기희석관능법을 이용한 음식물 처리장의 악취농도 및 탈취장치 효율 평가

정탁교,박상진,이진숙,정영림,김만구 한국냄새환경학회 2005 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.4 No.3

학회발표논문: 내부법관계에서의 주체

정탁교 ( Tak Kyo Jung ) 안암법학회 2006 안암 법학 Vol.- No.22

벽지에서 방출되는 TVOCs와 냄새원인물질 분석

정영림,정탁교,장미옥,김선화,김만구 한국냄새환경학회 2006 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.5 No.3

In this study, the TVOCs and odor active compounds emitted from 3 PVC and 5 natural wallpapers were analyzed. The emitted odor intensities and characteristics of the wallpapers were estimated using air dilution sensory and direct olfactory methods. The emissions of TVOCs were measured using the SPME-cryogenic emission test method, which was modified from the RAL-GZ 479 method, which is used in Germany to evaluate the quality of wallpapers. It was found that there was no significant correlation between the emissions of TVOCs and the odor concentration. However, a correlation (0.57) was found between the emitted VOCs and the odor concentration of the low molecular weight compounds, which have strong volatilities, ranging from n-C6 to n-C10. For all 8 wallpapers, vinegar like odor was commonly perceived, with acetic acid identified as the main odor active compound withinthe odor. Benzaldehyde and esters, such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate, were identified as odor active compounds, which were expressed as having rubber like smells by the panelists. These results indicate that odor should be included as a domestic regulation for the pollutants emitted from building materials. The identification of odor active compounds emitted from building materials could be useful in the production of eco-environment products.

알칼리함침필터-헤드스페이스-GC/FID를 이용한 휘발성 지방산 분석법에서 염석효과의 고찰

채희영,정탁교,하정협,김만구 한국냄새환경학회 2008 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.7 No.4

In this study, the most effective salting-out effect has been examined in terms of application of various inorganic salts (NaCl, Na₂S0₄, NaHSO₃) using Alkali impregnated filter-Headspace-GC/FID. Five various VFAs (propionic acid (99.5%), r-butyric acid (99%), butyric acid (99%), i-valerie acid (99%), valerie acid (99%)) have been used. VFAs have been analyzed by adding 30%, 70%, 100%, 150%, 200% of different inorganic salts with HS-GC/FID. The efficiency of salting-out effect was obtained from the values of peak area in chromatogram. The most effective salting-out effect for applired inorganic salts was observed at 100% saturation. It was confirmed NaHSO₃ for salting-out effect was the best among inorganic salts. In addition, NaHSO₃ showed more efficiency of salting-out effect than NaCl as molecular weight of VFAs increases.

해드스페이스-GC/FID를 이용한 대기 중 트라이메틸아민 분석법 개발

김만구,박수미,정탁교,장미옥,이철원,이민도,한진석 한국냄새환경학회 2006 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.5 No.4

An analytical method for trimethylamine in ambient air was developed, using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Trimethylamine was collected on the acid filter which was impregnated sulfuric aicd in the 47 ㎜ diameter of glass fiber filter. Trimethylamine collected on the acid filter was regenerated in the headspace vial and introduced into the GC analytical column directly. Several parameters such as sample volume, equilibrium temperature and time, and slurry method of filter were optimized to provide maximum detection response. Resolution power also compared according to liquid phase of analytical column. The detection limit of method was 0.13 ppb with 50 L sampling volume. The developed acid filter method is easy to deal with the field sampling and the method was adopted as the standard method for odor analysis in Korea.

HS-SPME-GC/MS 법을 이용한 PVC벽지 원자재의 TVOC 기여도 평가

김만구,정탁교,정영림,장미옥 한국분석과학회 2007 분석과학 Vol.20 No.6

A wallpaper having many surfaces in indoor is composed of various raw materials. In this study,TVOC contribution from raw materials of PVC walpaper was evaluated by using headspace-solid phasePVC resin. 9 mL of each sample was put into 22 mL glass vial and they were equilibrated for 1 hour at100oC. Headspace in vial was absorbed to 75 m Carboxen-PDMS fiber and analyzed by GC/MS. Aromaticcompounds like a toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, ketones compounds like a acetone, methoxyacetone and2-butanone and alkane compounds like a nonane decane and undecane were identified from raw materials. And. Corresponding authorPhone : +82-(0)3-250-8576 Fax : +82-(0)33-251-3991E-mail : mgkim@kangwon.ac.krHS-SPME-GC/MS .. ... PVC.. .... TVOC ... .. 489Vol. 20, No. 6, 2007alcohol compounds like a ethanol and butanol and aldehydes were detected. TVOC emision of diluent, resinstabilizer, plasticizer, PVC resin, blowing agent and filler were 54.20g/g, 32.88g/g, 0.50g/g, 0.88g/g,0.22g/g and 0.11g/g, respectively. Contribution of TVOC emission of diluent, resin stabilizer and PVC resinthat were concerned about add ratio were 0.708, 0.129, 0.115, respectively. In conclusion, it's necessary to reduceTVOC emision through improvement of diluent, resin stabilizer and PVC resin. Also, HS-SPME-GC/MSmethod which was developed in this study will be used for raw materials analysis effectively.

알칼리함침필터-헤드스페이스-GC/FID를 이용한 휘발성 지방산 분석법에서 염석효과의 고찰

채희영,정탁교,김만구,하정협 한국냄새환경학회 2008 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.7 No.4

In this study, the most effective salting-out effect has been examined in terms of application of various inorganic salts(NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NaHSO₃) using Alkali impregnated filter-Headspace-GC/FID. Five various VFAs(propionic acid(99.5%), i-butyric acid(99%), butyric acid(99%), i-valeric acid(99%), valeric acid(99%)) have been used. VFAs have been analyzed by adding 30%, 70%, 100%, 150%, 200% of different inorganic salts with HS-GC/FID. The efficiency of salting-out effect was obtained from the values of peak area in chromatogram. The most effective salting-out effect for applired inorganic salts was observed at 100% saturation. It was confirmed NaHSO₃ for salting-out effect was the best among inorganic salts. In addition, NaHSO₃ showed more efficiency of salting-out effect than NaCl as molecular weight of VFAs increases. 이 연구에서는 알칼리함침필터-헤드스페이스-GC/FID를 이용한 대기 중 휘발성 지방산 분석방법에 다양한 무기염(NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NaHSO₃들)을 적용하여 가장 효율적인 염석효과를 알아보았다. 염석효과를 알아보기 위한 지방산은 propionic acid(99.5%), i-butyric acid(99.0%), butyric acid(99.0%), i-valeric acid(99.0%), valeric acid(99.0%)를 사용하였다. 각 무기염은 물에 대한 포화량의 30%, 70%, 100%, 150%, 200%씩 가하여 헤드스페이스-GC/FID를 이용하여 분석하였다. 크로마토그램의 Peak Area값으로 각 무기염에 대한 지방산 물질의 염석효과 효율을 알 수 있었다. 적용한 무기염들은 포화상태일 때(100%) 가장 큰 염석효과를 나타냈고, 그 중 NaHSO₃가 가장 효과적이었다. NaHSO₃는 일반적으로 염석효과에 사용하는 NaCl보다 휘발성지방산의 분자량이 클수록 더 높은 염석효과 효율을 나타냈다.

공기희석관능법을 이용한 음식물 처리장의 악취농도 및 탈취장치 효율 평가

김만구,정탁교,이진숙,박상진,정영림 한국냄새환경학회 2005 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.4 No.3

The food waste treatment plant has frequently had public hatred from people living around the plant. Through Air dilution method, the efficiency of deodorization equipment installed the plant and odor intensity of the plant were evaluated. A cleaning tower where the final outlet of the plant was and 2 spots of site boundary line and primary, secondary fermentation chamber, manure where offensive odor was strongly perceived were selected as a sampling site. To evaluate the efficiency of deodorization equipment, inlet and outlet of biofilter were selected. Consequently sampling was conducted at 7 spots of the plant. The results of the air dilution method showed that the plant did not meet the criterion of the law. The criterion was 500 at the final outlet, 15 at a site boundary line but the results were 6694, 30 respectively. The odor concentration of the plant inside showed that the secondary fermentation chamber marked the highest value which is 139247 and the primary fermentation chamber, manure and inlet, outlet of biofilter marked all the same value which is 10000. The result of odor emission rate(OER) which was calculated with odor concentration and ventilation volume, showed that the efficiency of biofilter, scrubbing tower was 60.6%, 0% respectively which means they had quite low efficiency of deodorization. 공기희석관능법을 통해 악취 민원이 빈번하게 발생되는 음식물 쓰레기 처리장의 악취농도와 처리장내에 설치된 탈취장치의 탈취효율을 평가해 보았다. 시료 채취지점은 사업장의 배출구인 세정탑과 부지경계선 2개 지점과 사업장내의 여러 공정 중 악취가 심하게 발생했던 1차, 2차 발효조와 퇴비장 3개 지점, 그리고 탈취효율을 평가하기 위해 바이오필터 입구와 출구 2개 지점으로 총 7개 지점에서 채취하였다. 공기희석관능법 측정결과 배출구인 세정탑에서는 6694, 부지경계선에서는 30의 악취농도를 나타내 모두 배출허용기준 500, 15를 초과하여 부적합한 것으로 판정이 나왔다. 사업장 내 처리공정별 악취농도는 2차 발효조에서 139247로 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 외 1차 발효조, 퇴비장, 바이오필터 입구와 출구에서는 모두 10000의 악취농도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 악취농도에 송풍량을 곱하여 산정한 악취배출속도(odor emission rate, OER)값을 통해 세정탑과 바이오필터의 탈취효율을 알아본 결과 각각 60.6%, 0%로 매우 낮은 탈취효율을 나타났다.