영향 요인 분석을 통한 시계열 예측에 관한 연구

장동식,박상성,신영근 한국경영과학회 2007 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.05

영어 부정에 대한 화용론적 접근

張東植 順天大學校 1989 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.8 No.-

This paper arguing againist the generative transformational model, is attempted to show a pragmatic approach in explaining English negatives. As we know well, the generative transformational model is based on autonomus syntax, which is thought to be inappropiate in explaining many linguistic phenomena. Many kinds of explanatory paramaters are necessary for the complete model, and one of them is pragmatic consideration. In chapter 2, I attempt to show briefly how negation in natural language is different from negation in propositional logic. Many theories such as Russell`s, Keenan`s and Kempson`s are examined but they turn out incomplete. This means negation in natural language contains an additional element quite different from logic, which is called discouse presupposition. In chapter 3, traditional grammar is examined to give the evidence for the pragmatic approach. Of course in traditional grammar, abstract generalization on negation is possible to some extents but it is quite impossible to explain the complexity of negation. In chapter 4, English negative sentences are examined in terms of definiteness, scope of ambiguity and discourse. The result shows that negatives are more marked in terms of pragmatic presuppositions, as compared to affirmatives. That is to say, nagatives are uttered in a context where corresponding affirmatives have already been discussed or where the speaker assumes the hear`s belief in the corresponding affirmative. Finally negatives are complex and more restricted in their utterances than affirmatives. So for the comprehensive research on negation, other kinds of paramaters such as psychological, social and ontological facts should be considered.

중화경제권 대두에 따른 우리나라의 중화자본 유치정책 수립에 관한 연구

장동식 한국무역학회 2003 한국무역학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.5

지하철 차량 운전시 터널 및 플랫폼의 유동장 및 압력분포 추정

장동식,이연원 한국풍공학회 2001 한국풍공학회지 Vol.5 No.2

實驗的 膽管損傷이 肝吸蟲의 感染 및 發育에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

張東植,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1981 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.18 No.3

This study was performed for the purpose of detecting the effect of artificially induced bile duct injury to the survival, growth and development of Clonorchis sinensis. Escherichia coli suspension was administered to common bile duct of rat infected with C. sinensis. Then, the worm recovery rate, the changes in mean number of eggs per gram of feces, the size and the morphological changes of the recovered worms were observed. Experimental groups were divided as follows; Group 1: E. coli administration was executed at 4 weeks after about 60 metacercariae feeding. Group 2: E. coli administration was executed at 1 week after about 60 metacercariae feeding. Group 3(Control): About 60 metacercariae of C. sinensis were infected without E. coli administration. The following results were acquired from this experiment ; 1. The worm recovery rates of Group 1 (6.6%) and Group 2 (14.6%) were lower than that of Group 3 (87.4%). 2. There was no difference in size of the worms of Group 1 and control. But marked retardation of growth was observed in the recovered worms from Group 2. 3. Disintegration of testis, ovary and uterus was observed in the recovered worms of Group 1. But in Group 2, development of organ was nearly normal although the size was unusually small. 4. Eggs were not detected in stools of Group 1 since 2nd week of E. coli administration. Small worms recovered from Group 2 were observed numerous eggs in their uterus, however in the stool examination with the application of concentration method the eggs were not detected until 12th week of C. sinensis infection.

제2언어 습득과 중간언어

張東植 順天大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The aim of this paper is to establish a more reasonable way in second language acquisition. Behaviorists insisted that imitation and reinforcement were the means by which the learner identified the stimulus and response associations that constituted the habits of second language. One of the methods they claim is contrastive analysis. But in 1970's mentalist like Chomsky attacked behaviorists' theory and provided a natural process of language acquisition. They claimed that the process was internal and operated largely independently of enviornmental influence. Also they argued that the process of acquiring first language and second language is very similar. Many emperical researches were practiced to show the evidences for this claim. As one of these evidences, the concept of interlanguage is examined in this paper. The term refers to the systematic knowledge of a second language which is independent of both the learner's first language and the target language. The three principle features of the interlanguage is that it is systematic, permeable and stable. In short, the concept of interlanguage gave a strong evidence for mentalist's hypothesis of second language acquisition and proved to be useful for the natural method of second language acquisition.

내시경을 이용한 부인두 농양의 경구강 배농술

장동식,이준,최소영,최명수 대한이비인후과학회 2020 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.63 No.7

Background and Objectives Parapharyngeal space abscess (PPSA) may cause severecomplications such as, airway obstruction, jugular thrombophlebitis, and mediastinitis unlessearly diagnosed and properly treated. Transoral drainage is known to reduce morbidity andhospital stays compared to the external drainage. The aim of this study is to assess the effectof endoscope when draining of PPSA via transoral approach. Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who were diagnosedwith PPSA and treated surgically between February 2013 and September 2018. We includedin the study 39 patients who underwent incisional drainage via transoral approach. Pateintswere excluded had they undergo drainage via external approach or who treated with medicationalone or operated for parapharyngeal space tumor. Thirty-nine patients were classifiedinto two groups according to whether an endoscope was used or not when draining PPSA. Wecompared the hospital stays, estimated blood loss (EBL), operating time, revision rate, depthof abscess, and postoperative complications between two groups. Results Of the 39 patients [22 males (M), 17 females (F)], 13 patients (M:F=7:6) were classifiedas an endoscope group (EG) and 26 (M:F=15:9) as without endoscope group (WEG). Themean hospital stays of the EG and WEG were 7.6±4.6 and 9.8±4.8 days, respectively (p=0.188);the mean EBL of the EG and WEG were 222.2 and 254.0 mL, respectively (p=0.595); the meanoperating time of the EG and WEG were 40.0±22.5 and 35.4±14.5 minutes, respectively (p=0.457); the mean depth of PPSA of the EG and WEG were 4.5±0.9 and 4.0±0.7 c-spine level,respectively (p=0.043), and the revision cases of the EG and WEG were 1 and 2, respectively(p=1.000). Conclusion Endoscopes enabled the draining of PPSA to sit more deeply in the neck comparedwithout it.

다시 보이는 세상-여러 가정의 부모들과 함께하는 교육

장동식 우리신학연구소 2005 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.689

고려대학교 공학교육거점센터 창의적인 글로벌 공학인재 양성의 중심

장동식 한국공학교육학회 2014 Ingenium(人材니움) Vol.21 No.2

담화분석의 필요성과 담화조직

張東植 순천대학교 어학연구소 1991 어학연구 Vol.3 No.-

When we study language, not only its content but its function must be considered. Unfortunately however modern theoretic linguistics is much more interested in the former than the latter, which causes great unvalence in language research. This paper is attempted to show that systematic functional approach is necessary and possible. In chapter Ⅱ the dogma of generative transformational grammar is criticized. It is as follows : the arbitrary curtailment of the data base, the rise of formalism as theory and the neglect of the notion explanation. It is also criticized that generative transformational linguists limit many explanatory parameters which are indispensible for language research and focus mainly on propositional contents. In chapter Ⅲ, to give the evidence for chapter : Ⅱ English free variational suentences, possessive forms and subcategorization rule are examined. As the result it is proved that sentence level approach is not appropriate for language research and discourse must be considered for the comprehensive study. In Chapter Ⅳ, it is shown that discourse is a structural organizstion. And many explanation on the connection of the discourse such as Halliday and Hasan(1976), Rumelhart(1977) and Thorn-dyke(1977) are introduced. But all of these are not sufficent to explain complex discourse organization which consists of linguistic and non-linguistic features. I hope that these kinds of approaches will contribute to make a more global macro-structure which can explain langage phenomena adequately and sufficently.