공단지역 일부 주민들의 주택유형 및 실내/외에 따른 VOCs(Benzene, Toluene, Xylene) 농도 및 상관성에 관한 연구

이치원,전혜리,홍은주,유승도,김대선,손부순,Lee, Che-Won,Jeon, Hye-Li,Hong, Eun-Ju,Yu, Seung-Do,Kim, Dae-Sun,Son, Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.5

The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of residents in industrial areas and factors affecting exposure to the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs : Benzene, Toluene, Xylene) as well as to assess exposure levels according to house-type, and whether residents were indoors or outdoors. This research was designed to assess the differences in exposure levels to indoor, outdoor and personal VOCs in a case group and a control group across all areas, as well as in each different area, from May to October 2007, in. 110 residents of the G, Y and H industrial areas of the Jun-nam province. The geometric mea-levels of airborne benzene for the case group 1.31part per billion(ppb) indoor, 1.29 ppb outdoor, and 1.32 ppb for personal exposure were significantly higher than for the control group 0.99, 0.87 and 0.57 ppb, respectively. The geometric mean level for toluene personal exposure across the G, Y and H areas was 5.70 ppb for the case group and 6.31 ppb for the control group. While the outdoor level was 4.27 ppb for the case group and 5.06 ppb for the control group, The indoor level for the case group was 4.78 ppb, similar to that of the control group 4.69 ppb. The geometric mean levels for airborne xylene across the G, Y and H areas were 0.16 ppb(outdoor), 0.12 ppb(personal exposure) and 0.10 ppb(indoor) for the case group, and for the control group were 0.17(personal exposure) and 0.09 ppb(indoor and outdoor). The indoor/outdoor(I/O) ratio for case group is 1.19, while that of the control group is 1.15, indicating that the indoor level was higher than the outdoor level. The interrelationship differences among the three different types of levels in the air in the G, Y and H areas are statistically significant, except for the difference between the indoor and outdoor figures for xylene. In terms of the different types of houses and energy type uesd, the geometric mean level for airborne benzene, toluene and xylene for houses were 1.61, 5.39 and 0.12 ppb, respectively. while the figures for flats were 0.67, 3.32 and 0.05 ppb, respectively. Outdoors, the levels of benzene and toluene in flats were 0.71 and 2.62 ppb, respectively. and 1.58 and 5.35 ppb in houses. For personal exposure, the house levels of benzene, toluene and xylene were all higher than for flats. Houses using oil for heating have significantly higher levels than flats, which use gas for heating.

Kerr Lens 모드 록킹 되는 대칭형 Ti : sapphire 레이저 공진기의 이론적 해석

이치원,윤석범 공주문화대학 1999 공주문화대학·논문집 Vol.26 No.-

Theoretical analysis for the spot size and the Kerr Lens Mode Locking(KLM) strength can be represented as explicit function of the position in the laser cavity, the intra cavity laser power, and the stability parameter. The results were suggested that the KLM strength achieves its maximum value at the edge of the stability range. Also simultaneously obtaining a laser pumping efficiency and KLM behavior is possible for symmetrical Z-type laser cavity.

구강편평상피암의 조직비만세포에 관한 연구

이치원,임창윤,홍삼표 대한구강악안면병리학회 1984 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.6·7 No.1

법랑아 세포종에서의 수종 항세포 각질 다클론 및 단일클론항체 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

이치원,임창윤 서울大學校 齒科大學 1988 齒大 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Computational Discrimination of Breast Cancer for Korean Women Based on Epidemiologic Data Only

이치원,이정찬,박보영,배종희,임민혁,강대희,유근영,박수경,김유단,KIMSUNGWAN 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.8

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer for Korean women and its incidence rate has been increasing annually. If early diagnosis were implemented with epidemiologic data, the women could easily assess breast cancer risk using internet. National Cancer Institute in the United States has released a Web-based Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool based on Gail model. However, it is inapplicable directly to Korean women since breast cancer risk is dependent on race. Also, it shows low accuracy (58%-59%). In this study, breast cancer discrimination models for Korean women are developed using only epidemiological casecontrol data (n = 4,574). The models are configured by different classification techniques: support vector machine, artificial neural network, and Bayesian network. A 1,000-time repeated random sub-sampling validation is performed for diverse parameter conditions, respectively. The performance is evaluated and compared as an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). According to age group and classification techniques, AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and calculation time of all models were calculated and compared. Although the support vector machine took the longest calculation time, the highest classification performance has been achieved in the case of women older than 50 yr (AUC = 64%). The proposed model is dependent on demographic characteristics, reproductive factors, and lifestyle habits without using any clinical or genetic test. It is expected that the model could be implemented as a web-based discrimination tool for breast cancer. This tool can encourage potential breast cancer prone women to go the hospital for diagnostic tests.

Enhanced Germination of Echinacea angustifolia Seed with Ethephon and Sodium Hypochlortie Treatment

이치원,소인섭,정성우,허무룡 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.44 No.3

The influence of sodium hypochlorite and ethephon on the germination of narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) was investigated. Treatment of seeds with ethephon (1 mM) for 2 h followed by soaking in 0.525% sodium hypochlorite greatly increased germination (>90%). The treatment of seed with a combination of sodium hypochlorite and ethephon shortened number of days required to reach 50% of the final germination (T₅₀) from 4.2 days in control to 1.1 days. Seedlings grown from ethephon-treated seeds had shorter and thicker hypocotyls and roots with higher dry weights compared to the control. The same trend was observed during seedling emergence from soil. Ethephon treatment longer than 2 h resulted in weaker seedlings, probably due to leaf senescence. Anthocyanin content in seedling leaves increased linearly from 0.04 mg/g fresh weight in control to 3.72 mg/g fresh weight in 24 h treatment as the time of seed exposure to ethephon increased. Seed treatment with bleach and ethephon may well be practiced to facilitate the establishment of E. angustifolia in the field

『아비달마구사론』 「파집아품」에서 인용된 경전분석에 의한 독자부 뿌드갈라론자에 대한 이해

이치원 금강대학교 불교문화연구소 2019 불교학 리뷰 Vol.26 No.-

Even though the Pudgalavāda has been a famous doctrine through the Buddhist history from the very early time, our knowledge of the Pudgalavādins has been limited because of rather poor remains of their own texts. This paper analysed the sutras referred to in the Chapter nine “Ātmavādapratisedha” of Abhidharmakośa for the better understanding on the Pudgalavādins. A total of 90 sturas was analysed in 34 places of the Chapter nine and in them 30 sutras were analysed in 10 places to be referred by the Pudgalavādins of Vātsīputrīya. The discordance between 4 nikāyas and 4 āgamas, and the duplications of same or similar sutras in different nikāyas and āgamas have been well known. This analysis of 90 sturas in 34 places also shows such features. The statistical analysis tells all the sutras referred to by the Pudgalavādins are belonged to the group of Chinese translations of Aṅguttara and Aṅguttara nikāya. It suggests, in the debate on Anātman within Buddhist circles, the Pudgalavādins of Vātsīputrīya might regard sutras of Aṅguttara as their base of Pudgalavāda, even Vasubandhu criticised them as neyārtha sūtras. The debate on ‘Anātman’ might have begun with strongly rejecting Pudgalavāda, because other Buddhist schools considered the Pudgala of Pudgalavādins as an entity (dravya) which seemed to be the ātman of Brahmanism. It is contradiction of the meaning of the Pudgala in the sutras that triggered the initial of the debate. However, as to principal agent of samsāra, Pudgalavādins used the term based on the sutras, on the other hand the term of Vasubandhu was based on Abhidharma itself. So it could be a way for the better understanding on the Pudgalavādins to review the sutras referred by the Pudgalavādins in the Chapter nine “Ātmavādapratisedha” of Abhidharmakośa. 뿌드갈라론을 주장하는 학파들은 7세기경에 일곱 부파가 언급될 정도로 많았지만 현존하는 뿌드갈라론자(Pudgalavādin) 자신들의 독자적 논서 자료들은 빈약하다. 따라서 뿌드갈라론자들에 대한 파악은 대부분 비판자들의 논서들에 의지해알려지고 있는 까닭에 뿌드갈라론자들에 대한 객관적 평가에 어려움이 있다. 주로 타 학파들의 논서 중심의 선행연구와 달리 이 논문에서는 불교내 학파간의 경전해석 태도의 상이함에 주목하여 『아비달마구사론』 「파집아품」에서 독자부 뿌드갈라론자들과 와수반두(Vasubandhu)에 의해 인용된 경전들의 분석에 근거하여독자부(Vātsīputrīya) 뿌드갈라론자에 대해 좀 더 이해를 도모하고자 하였다. 「파집아품」의 14개 논쟁 주제내의 34곳에서 분석된 경전은 90여 개이다. 현존하는 4 아함과 4 니까야(Nikāya)와의 불일치, 그리고 동일 또는 유사내용의 경전들이 서로 다른 아함이나 니까야에 중복적으로 나타나는 사실은 잘 알려져 있으며 「파집아품」에서 인용된 경전들의 경전군 분포분석에서도 이러한 현상은 잘 확인된다. 와수반두가 24곳에서 인용한 경전 중 5곳의 경전은 한역본만 존재하며 3곳의 경전은 니까야와 한역본 모두 존재하지 않는다. 나머지 16곳의 경전만이 니까야와 한역본에 모두 존재한다. 반면에 뿌드갈라론자들이 10곳에서 인용한 모든 경전은 니까야와 한역본에 모두 존재한다. 『아비달마구사론』 「파집아품」에서 와수반두의 24곳의 인용경전 중 20곳의 경전은 잡아함경 혹은 상윳따 니까야에 공통적으로 속하며, 뿌드갈라론자들의 10곳의 인용경전은 모두 증일아함경 혹은 앙굿따라 니까야에 공통적으로 속하는 경전군 분포특징을 보인다. 이와 같은 분포특징에 근거하면 『아비달마구사론』 「파집아품」 ‘무아논쟁’에서 와수반두는 주로 잡아함경 혹은 상윳따 니까야의 경전군의경전을, 반면에 독자부 뿌드갈라론자들은 모두 증일아함경 혹은 앙굿따라 니까야경전군의 경전을 각각 자신들 주장의 근거 경전으로 제시하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 뿌드갈라론자들의 논서와 함께 『아비달마구사론』 「파집아품」의 ‘무아논쟁’에서독자부 뿌드갈라론자들이 요의경이라 주장하는 그들의 인용경전들의 경전군 분포특성과 내용에 대한 면밀한 분석은 경전 용어에서 채용한 뿌드갈라와 독자부 뿌드갈라론자들을 이해하는 한 방법이 될 것이라고 생각한다.

Soft Robot Review

이치원,KIMSUNGWAN,김명준,김윤재,홍나영,류승완,김현진 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.1

Soft robots are often inspired from biological systems which consist of soft materials or are actuated byelectrically activated materials. There are several advantages of soft robots compared to the conventional robots;safe human-machine interaction, adaptability to wearable devices, simple gripping system, and so on. Due to theunique features and advantages, soft robots have a considerable range of applications. This article reviews stateof-the-art researches on soft robots and application areas. Actuation systems for soft robots can be categorizedand analyzed into three types: variable length tendon, fluidic actuation, and electro-active polymer (EAP). The deformableproperty of soft robots restricts the use of many conventional rigid sensors such as encoders, strain gauges,or inertial measurement units. Thus, contactless approaches for sensing and/or sensors with low modulus are preferablefor soft robots. Sensors include low modulus (< 1 MPa) elastomers with liquid-phase material filled channelsand are appropriate for proprioception which is determined by the degree of curvature. In control perspective, novelcontrol idea should be developed because the conventional control techniques may be inadequate to handle softrobots. Several innovative techniques and diverse materials & fabrication methods are described in this review article. In addition, a wide range of soft robots are characterized and analyzed based on the following sub-categories;actuation, sensing, structure, control and electronics, materials, fabrication and system, and applications.

고성능 공기청정용 섬유상 필터 제조기술 - PTFE membrane 복합 laminating 기술을 이용한 고성능필터특성

이치원,Lee, Chi-Won 한국공기청정협회 2013 空氣淸淨技術 Vol.26 No.4

법랑아세포종에서의 수종 항세포각질 다클론 및 단일클론 항체분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

이치원,임창윤,홍삼표 대한구강악안면병리학회 1988 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.11 No.1