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Co기 초합금 ECY768에서 응고 조직 및 탄화물 형성 거동
이정석,김현철,이재현,서성문,조창용,Lee, J.S.,Kim, H.C.,Lee, J.H.,Seo, S.M.,Jo, C.Y. 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.6
Directional solidification experiments were carried out at 0.5-150 $\mu\textrm{m}$/s in the Co-base superalloy ECY 768. As increasing solidification rate, the dendrite length increased and it reached the maximum at 150 $\mu\textrm{m}$/s, where the tip temperature is close to the liquidus. The liquidus and eutectic temperatures could be estimated by comparing the dendrite lengths and the temperature gradients at the solid/liquid interface and those were estimated as $1424.6^{\circ}C$ and $1343^{\circ}C$ respectively. Between the dendrites just below final freezing temperature, MC carbide and $M_{23}$$C_{6}$ carbide were found. It was confirmed that the script or blocky shape was Ta or W-rich MC carbide, and the lamellar shape was Cr-rich eutectic carbide. The solid/liquid interface morphology clearly showed that the Cr-rich eutectic carbide formed just after the script type MC carbide.
요부 안정화 운동이 여자대학생의 척추측만도, 심부근 면적, 근기능 및 요통지수에 미치는 영향
이정석 ( J. S. Lee ),소용석 ( Y. S. So ),김미자 ( M. J. Kim ),문성진 ( S. J. Moon ),장성동 ( S. D. Jang ),김영준 ( Y. J. Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2011 운동과학 Vol.20 No.1
본 연구는 여자대학생을 대상으로 요부 안정화 운동이 체간의 심부근인 다열근의 면적증가, 콥스각의 변화 및 주관적 통증지수(VAS)의 상호연관성을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 여자 대학생 30명을 대상으로 척추 X-ray 촬영하여 Cobb`s 각에 이상이 있는 체형불균형으로 진단된 20명을 운동군 12명과 대조군 8명으로 분류하였다. 운동 프로그램은 8주간, 주 3회, 운동 강도는 1~4주는 40~50% HRR, 4~8주는 50~60% HRR, 운동시간은 1회 90분 실시하였다. 측정항목은 심부근 면적, 척추측만도, 요통지수, 등속성 운동에 의한 근기능 검사와 상호연관성을 검사 하였다. 다열근 면적은 운동군에서 시기 간에 L1과 L5에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 집단 간의 비교에서는 L5(우)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 요통지수는 시기 간에 유의한 차이가 났으며, 등속성 운동에 의한 근기능 검사에서는 집단 간에 최대근력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이중 다열근 면적의 증가는 척추측만각도를 감소시킴으로서 요통 통증지수의 감소에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 요부 안정화 운동은 척추측만도, 심부근육면적, 요통지수 및 근기능 개선에 효과적인 운동으로, 체형불균형으로 인해 나타날 수 있는 병적 요인들을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The research was carried out to investigate the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise in the multifidus area, the Cobb`s angle and correlations of subjective VAS in the female university students who had participated in a lumbar stabilization exercise program. Thirty female university students aged 20-24 were taken spinal X-ray. Twenty who have abnormal Cobb`s angle were diagnosed as an imbalance in their body and they were sorted into exercise group(n=12) and control group(n=8). The exercise program was proceeded for 8 weeks, 3 times/week and 90 minutes/time. The intensity of exercise were 40-50% HRR during 1-4 weeks, 50-60% HRR during 4-8 weeks. Deep muscle area, scoliosis, VAS, and Cobb`s angle were measured. The effects of muscular function test and correlation of the measurements were tested as follows. There were significant differences in area between the time of the multifidus muscle L1(left, right) and L5(left, right) in appearance. And in comparisons with among groups, there were significant differences in the L5 multifidus muscle. There was meaningful difference in VAS of exercise group. In case of the muscular function test by Isokinetic exercise, meaningful differences in peak torque were founded among the groups. And also, there were meaningful differences among groups as well. In conclusion, lumbar stabilization exercises have positive effects on cobb`s angle, multifidus area, VAS and the improvement of muscular function. As the significant correlation was appeared between increases of multifidus area and decreases of VAS, it is possible to reduce pathological factors which appeared in the imbalances through increases of deep muscle by high lumbar stabilization exercise.
이정석(J.S. Lee),김경하(K.H. Kim),김현수(H.S. Kim) 한국자동차공학회 1996 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.11_1
In this paper. dynamic model of VC equipped vehicle was derived considering the torque transmission characteristics of VC. Simulation results showed that VC equipped vehicle demonstrated improved acceleration performance compared with those of front wheel drive vehicle. Especially, VC vehicle showed excellent acceleration performance at slippery road due to VC torque transmission characteristics.<br/> <br/>
이정석(J.S. Lee),이규태(K.T. Lee),강성길(S.G. Kang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2005 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11
The capture of carbon dioxide generated by fossil fuel combustion, coupled with its subsequent storage into deep sea area, has been proposed on a number of occasions and is currently the subject of discussion in many countries. However, we don't understand completely how the introduction of large mass of CO₂ into deep ocean will affect on the deep-sea ecosystems, which have been adapted to fairly constant physico-chemical conditions. Therefore, researches on the influences of high CO₂ concentrations on deep-sea organisms are essential for assessing the effects of deep-sea CO₂ sequestration. Here we review the physicochemical and biological effect of the elevated CO₂ concentrations on marine organisms. Results showed that hypercapnia coupled with acidosis resulted in various biological adverse effects. The systematic risk assessment methods should 1. developed to suggest the sequestration procedure having lowest risk as well as to assess the practical impact of ocean disposal of C02 on the marine ecosystems.
4WD용 비스코스 커플링 특성 해석(1) - 정상상태 전달토크
이정석(J.S. Lee),김경하(K.K. Kim),김현진(H.J. Kim),김현수(H.S. Kim) 한국자동차공학회 1996 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.6_1
This research describes a combination of a linear vehicle handling model and a nonlinear tire model. The first section describes the power steering system dynamics and a 5 D.O.F. vehicle handling model. The second section of this paper presents a nonlinear tire model. Comparing the results from the combination of the power steering system model and a linear vehicle handling model and those from the combination of the power steering system. a linear vehicle handling model and a nonlinear tire model with the experimental data, this vehicle handling model with a nonlinear tire model will be better understood at higher lateral acceleration maneuvers. Thus. this vehicle handling model with a nonlinear tire model will attempt to provide enhanced driver realism to a STI driving simulator.<br/> <br/>