맥파전달속도(PWV)와 말초체열분포(DITI)와의 관계 연구

이윤재,조정훈,이창훈,이진무,장준복,이경섭,Lee, Yoon-Jae,Cho, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Jin-Moo,Jang, Jun-Bock,Lee, Kyung-Sub 대한한방체열의학회 2008 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify relationship between the PWV and the temperature difference. Methods: When it comes to senile patients who suffer from cold limbs, there is need to see whether or not the patient's low temperature of the limbs is do to arteriosclerosis. The Pulse Wave Velocity(PWV) is a non-invasive method measuring the artery's rigidness. And the Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I) is a non-invasive method to see the body's thermal change. Research on the interrelationship of the artery's rigidness and body's thermal distribution was done by using these two tests. The subjects of this research were patients between the age 40~65 who have done both the D.I.T.I and PWV in March 2005~ September 2005. They had to have no history of diabetes, coronary illnesses or cerebrovascular diseases which are diseases that can effect the outcome of the PVW, nor history of spondylopathy or dermatosis which can effect the outcome of the D.I.T.I. Results: The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant interrelationship between the right wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the right wrist-palm. 2. There was a significant interrelationship between the left wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the left wrist-palm. 3. There was no significant interrelationship between the right wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the right thigh-dorsum of foot. 4. There was no significant interrelationship between the left wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of the left thigh-dorsum of foot. 5. The right ABI showed no significant interrelationship between the temperature difference of the right wrist-palm and the right thigh-dorsum of foot. 6. The left ABI showed no significant interrelationship between the temperature difference of the left wrist-palm and the left thigh-dorsum of foot. Conclusion: The study shows that there was a significant interrelationship between wrist-ankle PWV and the temperature difference of wrist-palm.

냉부하검사(CST)로 살펴 본 원적외선 기능성 제품이 족부냉증에 미치는 영향 : A pilot study

이윤재,이경섭,Lee, Yoon-Jae,Lee, Kyung-Sub 대한한방체열의학회 2008 대한한방체열의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: We investigated the effect of far-infrared radiating products on cold hypersensitivity of lower limbs using CST. Methods: 7 patients with cold hypersensitivity of lower limbs were investigated in this study. Exclusive criteria was skin diseases, spinal nervous disease and external wounds. They were asked to answer the VAS of cold hypersensitivity at baseline and after 3 weeks. We measured temperature of lower limbs with Spectrum 9000 MB (Dorex Inc, USA). We performed cold stress test (CST) by 3 thermographic observation using DITI : 1st was taken after 15 minutes resting at $25^{\circ}C$, the 2nd was immediately taken after 1 minute soak in $20^{\circ}C$ water, the 3rd was taken at 15 minutes after soak. We performed 3 times of CST : 1st CST was perfomed at baseline, 2nd CST was perfomred after 1 week and just observation, 3rd CST was performed after 1 week using far-infrared radiating products (lasner, UMT, Korea). Results: After using products, temperature of foot incresed more than thigh area, but there was no significance. There was no statistical difference of VAS, change of temperature and CST between before and after using far-infrared radiating products. Conclusion: There was no statistical effect of far-infrared radiating products on change of temperature of lower limbs.

SF-36을 이용한 어혈군과 비어혈군의 삶의 질 연구

이윤재 ( Yoon Jae Lee ),손성세 ( Sung Se Sohn ) 대한한방부인과학회 2014 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

Objectives: There were only small studies about the difference of the quality of life depending on blood stasis. We investigated that the blood stasis made the differences of quality of life. Methods: We recruited the participants stratified according to age and gender. The participants were assessed independently by two Korean medicine doctors more than 7 years of clinical experiences whether or not with blood stasis. And they responded at the questionnaire associated with blood stasis and SF-36. The analysis was done with IBM SPSS Statistics (ver. 21). Results: Total 101 participants were checked for with/without blood stasis. 40 participants were accord in the diagnosis with blood stasis by two doctors. Two researchers coincided in diagnosis with non-blood stasis in 42 participants. 19 participants showed the discrepancy between the assessment of blood stasis and they were classified as non-blood stasis. The mean age in group of blood stasis was 44.07±11.65, it was not shown the significant difference comparing non-blood stasis group. The subscale of physical function (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), mental health (MH) and role emotional (RE) in SF-36 were significantly low in the group of blood stasis. Blood test including biochemistry, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and D-dimer was not in abnormal range according to blood stasis without CRP. Conclusions: The patients that diagnosed of blood stasis showed the bad physical health status, and partially bad mental health. It is necessary to investigate whether Korean traditional treatment for blood stasis would be made improvement for quality of life. Moreover, the standardization of diagnosis on blood stasis would be needed.

젊은 비만 여성의 심박변이도 특성에 대한 연구

이윤재 ( Yoon Jae Lee ),황덕상 ( Deok Sang Hwang ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),이경섭 ( Kyung Sub Lee ) 한방비만학회 2008 한방비만학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Obesity is the major risk factor of the heart disease and the metabolic disease. The autonomic nervous system is a key contributor in the regulation of energy balance, so the blunted activity may contribute to the maintenance of the obese state. So we evaluated the function of the autonomic nervous system in young overweight and obese women with heart rate variability. Methods The subjects were 26 overweight and obese young women(BMI〉23㎏/㎡) and 25 lean women who visited Kangnam Kyunghee hospital for obesity management from March 2006 to April 2008. Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA), short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Results HRV of obese young group was lower than the lean young group, but there is no statistical significance. BMI had significantly a negative correlation with Low Frequency(LF) of HRV. LF power is mediated by sympathetic nervous system activity. These results indicate a decrease of sympathetic modulation in overweight and obese young women. Conclusions Overweight and obese young women have decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. In clinical practice, an assessement of HRV would be noninvasive and sensitive methods for sympathetic nervous system of young overweight and obese women.

한의학 관련 무작위배정비교임상연구의 비뚤림 위험 평가

이윤재 ( Yoon Jae Lee ),장보형 ( Bo Hyoung Jang ),고호연 ( Ho Yeon Go ),현민경 ( Min Kyung Hyun ),박선영 ( Sun Young Park ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),김진성 ( Jin Sung Kim ),조기호 ( Ki Ho Cho ) 대한한방부인과학회 2011 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

온라인 소비자 불매운동의도의 영향요인에 관한 연구

이윤재(Lee, Yoon-Jae),강명수(Kang, Myung-Soo),이한석(Lee, Han-Suk) 한국소비자원 2013 消費者問題硏究 Vol.44 No.2

색이 메타인지적 과정을 통해 상품태도에 미치는 효과

이윤재(Yoon Jae Lee),박기완(Ki Wan Park) 한국마케팅학회 2012 마케팅연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구에서는 색의 연상이 메타인지적 과정을 통해 상품태도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였으며, 다음과 같은 주요 과정을 예상하였다. 화장품 광고 맥락에서 빨간색은 성적매력과 관련한 의미를 점화시키며, 이에 활성화된 의미는 성적매력과 관련된 대상을 더 쉽게 처리 할 수 있게 할 것이다. 그리고 이러한 처리의 쉬움과 관련한 메타인지적 경험, 즉 처리 유창성은 상품태도에 호의적으로 반영될 것을 예상하였다. 이의 확인을 위해 실험 1에서는 브랜드 로고의 색(빨간색 vs. 초록색)과 상품 특성(성적매력과 높은 상품 vs. 성적매력과 낮은 상품)을 적용한 실험을 통해 상품에 대한 소비자 태도를 측정하였다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1에서 나타난 효과가 메타인지적인 과정에 의해 일어났음을 확인하기 위해, 광고의 색(빨간색 vs. 초록색)과 성적 연상의 연결 관계를 의식적으로 인지하게 하는 간섭, 즉 개입(있음 vs. 없음)에 따라 소비자 태도를 측정하였다. 이 때 개입은 실험참여자들에게 실험 자극의 특성이 참여자들이 의식하지 못하는 상황에서 상품에 대한 태도 평가에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 미리 알려주어, 메타인지적 의사결정이 이루어지지 않게끔 하는 역할을 수행한다. 또한 실험 2에서는 개념적 유창성에 대한 척도를 도입해 개념적 유창성의 매개효과를 직접적으로 테스트하였다. 실험 3에서는 이러한 과정이 소비자가 지니고 있는 색에 대한 연상에 기반하고 있음을 보다 직접적으로 확인하기 위해 빨간색과 성적 매력 연상의 점화(연상 단서 제공 vs. 연상 방해) 조작을 통해 빨간색에 의한 성적매력 연상에 대한 접근성에 차이를 두어 상품 태도에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 실험 1의 결과 빨간색 로고를 접한 소비자들은 초록색 로고를 접한 소비자들 보다 성적매력과 관련이 높은 상품(마스카라)에 대해 더 높은 선호도를 나타내었으며, 성적매력과 관련이 낮은 상품(수분크림)에 대해서는 더 낮은 선호도를 나타내고 있었음을 확인했다. 실험 2의 결과로는 개입과 광고 색의 상호작용 효과를 확인하였는데, 개입이 없는 경우 실험 1에서와 같이 성적매력과 관련이 높은 상품에 대한 빨간색의 효과가 긍정적으로 나타났지만, 개입이 있는 경우 색의 효과는 사라짐을 확인하였다. 이후 개입이 없었던 집단에 대한 매개분석을 통해 개념적 유창성이 이 과정을 매개하고 있음을 확인하였다. 실험 3의 결과 빨간색의 성적매력 연상에 대한 접근성을 낮춘 집단에서는 성적매력과 관련이 높은 상품과 관련한 빨간색의 긍정적 효과가 사라지게 됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 세 개의 실험을 통해 색과 관련한 연상이 소비자의 상품태도 형성에 소비자들 스스로 의식하지 못하더라도 메타인지적 과정을 통해 영향을 주고 있기 때문에, 마케터의 입장에서는 상품 패키지에서부터, 광고의 색, 기업의 CI(Corporate Identity)에 이르기 까지 색과 관련한 연상의 이해를 통한 관리가 필요함을 제시하고 있다. Color is ubiquitous in consumers` everyday life. Color has its own aesthetic value and at the same time delivers a specific meaning, carrying specific information to consumers. Therefore, color is assumed to have a functional as well as an aesthetic value. In marketing, color is delivered to consumers in a variety of ways, including product design, product packaging, advertisements, and the store environment. Studies on the effects of color have focused on psychological and physiological impact of color, and have revealed that color can bring on specific autonomous biological reactions, can evoke specific emotional responses, and can influence consumers` decision making and behavior. Early studies on color proposed that red is experienced as stimulation and unsympathetic and makes consumers focus on the outward environment, whereas blue and green are experienced as calming and sympathetic and turn consumers` focus inward. These studies posited that these effects are based on the wavelength of the color. However, recent studies on the effects of colors suggest that the underlying process involves colors` associations. The red color, which the current research focuses on, is associated with happiness, warmth, prohibition, and sexual attractiveness. In this research, we propose that when color associations are primed, they may affect consumers` decision making through metacognitive processes, especially conceptual fluency. Consumers` decision making is accompanied by metacognitive experiences such as ease of accessibility, and ease of processing. These can affect consumer judgment as consumers take prior experiential information into account and arrive at favorable attitudes toward the target stimuli. Research on metacognitive experiences suggests that processing fluency can be perceptual or conceptual in nature. Perceptual fluency describes the ease with which consumers can recognize a target stimulus on subsequent encounters, and involves the processing of physical features. Conceptual fluency pertains to the processing of meaning, and describes the ease with which the target stimulus comes into the consumer`s mind. The conceptual ease of processing the target on favorable attitude is based on the effect of semantic priming. Therefore, conceptual fluency models have been explained by semantic priming that prior exposure to a target increases favorable attitude with target-related product by activation of related associations. Drawing on conceptual fluency, in this research, we determine the metacognitive influence of color, red in particular, on product attitude. As red has been proven to be associated with sexual attractiveness, we predict that red (versus green) will increase consumers` attitude toward a cosmetic product, for which sexual attractiveness is highly relevant. Red primes meanings related to sexual attractiveness and, as a result, heightens the ease of processing products related to sexual attractiveness. Specifically, we hypothesize; H 1: Red versus green brand logo will increase consumers`attitude toward mascara, for which sexual attractiveness is relevant, but not the attitude toward moisture cream. H 2: The red effect, observed in H1, will be eliminated when the incidental nature of the color effect is salient. H 3: The red effect, observed in H1 will be mediated by conceptual fluency for sexual attractiveness. H 4: The red effect, observed in H1 will disappear when the red-sexual attractiveness link is made less salient by associating red with other associations. In three experimental studies, we find that the conceptual fluency process underlies how red versus green increases product attitude, but only for mascara not for moisture cream, which appears to be because mascara is more closely related to sexual attractiveness than moisture cream. In study 1 we manipulated brand logo`s colors (red versus green) in product advertisements for two cosmetic products (mascara and moisture cream), which were ostensibly

내면아이치료의 국내 연구 동향 분석

이윤재(Lee, Yoon-Jae) 한국부부가족상담연구학회 2021 부부가족상담연구 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 어린 시절 부모로부터 받은 상처를 치료하는 내면아이치료의 최근 임상적 적용과 그 치료 효과에 대한 내면아이치료의 국내 연구 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 2001년부터 2020년까지 국내에서 발표된 내면아이치료 관련 논문 13편을 대상으로 분석하였다. 먼저, 분석에 포함된 대상자들은 청소년부터 60대까지로 나타나 다양한 연령층을 대상으로 연구가 이루어졌으며, 연구 주제는 대인관계, 부부관계, 부모자녀관계, 중독 순으로 주로 관계 문제에 나타났다. 연구 방법에 따른 경향을 살펴보면 총 13편 중 치료연구가 11편으로 비치료연구에 비해 상대적으로 활발하게 연구되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 치료연구 중에서도 복수사례 연구가 대부분인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 복수사례 연구 중 질적 연구와 양적 연구를 병행한 혼합연구가 많았다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 내면아이치료 연구들이 가지는 임상적 의의를 탐색하고, 향후 연구를 위한 방향을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate research trends on inner child therapy in the nation based on the recent clinical applications of inner child therapy, which is to treat childhood wounds from parents, and their therapeutic effects. For this purpose, the study analyzed 13 papers on inner child therapy published in the nation from 2001~2020. The studies included in the analysis targeted various age groups from adolescents to the elderly in their sixties. The most popular research topic was interpersonal relationship, which was followed by marital relations, parent-child relations, and addiction, in that order. These studies mainly addressed relationship issues. Their research trends were examined according to methodology. Of a total of 13 papers, 11 were on therapeutic research, which was conducted relatively actively compared with non-therapeutic research. Most of the therapeutic research covered multiple cases. Many of this research mixed qualitative study with quantitative study. Based on these findings, the study examined the clinical significance of research on inner child therapy and proposed directions for future studies.

유방암 환자 대상 침치료 무작위비교임상연구 고찰

이윤재 ( Yoon Jae Lee ),이성엽 ( Sung Yeop Lee ),정유화 ( You Hwa Jung ),이승열 ( Seung Yeol Lee ),장준복 ( Jun Bock Jang ),황덕상 ( Deok Sang Hwang ) 대한한방부인과학회 2016 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives: Breast cancer patients in Korea need to care about symptoms with complementary medicine including acupuncture. We reviewed the randomized controlled studies using acupuncture in breast cancer patients to establish a basic knowledge of clinical practice guidelines. Methods: We searched the following databases through July 2015: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Databases and OASIS. The articles of RCTs using acupuncture in breast cancer for all symptoms were selected and analyzed. The acupoints, treatment period, inclusion criteria of participants, follow-up period and effectiveness were extracted. Results: Three hundred fifty five records after duplicate were screened, and 14 RCTs were selected. RCTs of Hot flush, pain, fatigue were reviewed. The adverse symptoms using medical treatment in breast cancer patients were targets of acupuncture in RCTs. The acupuncture treatment was decreased the hot flush, pain and fatigue. However, the effect was not confirmed due to various study design. Conclusions: The analysis of the research would be conjugated to establish a basic knowledge of clinical practice guidelines. Well designed studies in Korea are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in patients with breast cancer.

브랜드 연상 유형에 따른 심리적 거리의 상품평가 영향에 대한 연구

이윤재(Lee Yoon jae),이한석(Lee Han Suk) 한국소비문화학회 2017 소비문화연구 Vol.20 No.1

브랜드 연상은 크게 기능적인 연상과 상징적인 연상으로 구분될 수 있다. 상징적인 브랜드 연상은 해당 브랜드의 명성이나 분위기 등의 이미지를 포함하고 있으며, 기능적인 연상에 비해 추상적인 특성을 지니고 있는 반면, 기능적인 브랜드 연상은 해당 브랜드의 가격이나 품질 등과 관련된 이미지를 포함하고 있으며, 상징적인 브랜드 연상에 비해 구체적인 특성을 지니고 있다. 한편 해석수준이론에서는 소비자들의 심리적 거리 인식에 따라 서로 다른 해석수준을 사용하고 있음을 제시하고 있는데, 심리적 거리가 멀 때에는 높은 해석수준을 사용해 추상적인 접근을 수행하며, 심리적 거리가 가까울 때에는 낮은 해석수준을 사용해 구체적인 접근을 수행한다. 본 연구는 브랜드 연상 유형과 심리적 거리에 따른 해석수준의 차이가 해당 브랜드의 상품 평가에 주는 영향을 두 개의 실험을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 가상의 가죽 상품군 브랜드를 두 가지 유형으로 조작(기능적, 상징적)하고, 심리적 거리를 사회적 거리와 관련한 메시지를 통해 조작(가까움, 멈)하고, 해당 브랜드 상품(지갑)에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 실험 2에서는 가상의 브랜드가 아닌 실제 브랜드를 대상으로 하여 기능적 브랜드(삼성)와 상징적 브랜드(애플)를 제시하고, 심리적 거리를 구매시점과 관련한 시간적 거리를 통해 조작(가까움, 멈)하고, 이들 브랜드의 상품(태블릿)에 대한 평가를 수행하게 하였다. 실험 결과 브랜드 연상과 심리적 거리의 상호작용 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 브랜드 연상에 해석수준이론을 적용시킴으로써 브랜드 연상 연구 및 해석수준이론의 범위를 넓혔다는 데 이론적 함의가 있으며, 실무적으로도 브랜드를 관리함에 있어 해당 브랜드가 지니고 있는 브랜드 연상 특성에 따라 서로 다른 형태의 심리적 거리를 지니는 메시지를 활용할 필요가 있다는 함의를 제공하고 있다. Brand association can be divided into functional and symbolic associations. Symbolic association has more of abstract aspects including brand reputation and atmosphere than functional association which has concrete aspects including price and quality related images. And in CLT (Construal Level Theory), perceptions of psychological distance can make consumers adopt a different level of construal. Consumers employ a higher construal level when an attitude object is distant, since it is construed as more abstract than a near object. This study examines the relationship between brand association (functional vs. symbolic) and construal level caused by a psychological difference (close vs. far) on product evaluation. Study 1 manipulated brand association into two types (functional, symbolic) by suggesting a hypothetical brand, and a psychological distance into two types (close vs. far) with messages related to social distance. Study 2 employed actual brand(functional vs. symbolic) with temporal distance for psychological distance (close vs. far). The results confirmed the interaction effect of brand association and psychological distance on product evaluation. Consumers think brand association is an abstract and is a symbolic condition, so they have a more positive preference in product evaluation when the message appears that time distance is far or social distance feels far. On the contrary consumers think that brand is more concrete when brand association is functional. At this time it is more positive when we use the message which time distance is near or social distance is close. This research can give implications for the future research by enhancing construal level theory into brand associations. And it can also give implications for practitioners by suggesting different messages needed along with its different brand associations.