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장준복 中部大學校 自然科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1
크레졸,물 혼합용제에 개미산을 촉매로 첨가하여 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis)를 증해하여 개미산을 촉매 첨가에 따른 증해과정중에 일어나는 목재중 탄수화물의 거동과 탈리그닌율 및 최적 증해조건을 검토하였다. 개미산을 촉매로 첨가하면 탈리그닌도 촉진되지만 탄수화물의 분해도 심하게 일어났다. 특히 가수분해된 단당류의 2차적 변질을 촉진시켜 수층 용출 당류의 함량을 감소시켰으나 순도 높은 cellulose를 얻을수 있었다. 증해액에 용출하는 당류는 대부분 올리고당으로 존재하고, 일부만 단당류 형태로 존재하였다. 개미산을 촉매로 첨가하는 경우 최적 증해조건은 190℃, 60분, 개미산 농도 1.0%로 증해하는 것이 가장 좋은 조건으로 나타났다. This studies were carried out to find 1) the most effetive solvolysis condition and method for the delignification of wood, 2) to find out the changes of carbohydrate and property of pulp, water soluble sugar under the formic acid catalyzed solvolysis cooking. Pine(Pinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus variabilis) wood were cooked with cresol and water mixture solvent under formic acid as a catalyst. The results were summarized as follows: Addition of formic acid as a catalyst, not only delignification of wood accelated but also degradation of carbohydrate, especially monosaccharide content in water solubles decreased, and obtained high purity cellulose. Sugar of water solubles were mainly composed of oligosaccharide. The most effective condition of solvoysis cooking under the formic acid as a catalyst were 180℃, 60min., concentration of formoc acid was 1.0%.
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크레졸-물 혼합용제를 사용한 목재의 Solvolysis
張埈福 中部大學校 農業開發硏究所 1996 農業開發硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-
크레졸·물 혼합용제로 침엽수재인 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 활엽수재인 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis)의 칩과 목분을 증해한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 소나무는 190℃, 150분 이상의 증해조건에서는 탈리그닌율 91.9%이상의 잔사를 42.2~44.3%의 수율로 얻을 수 있었고, 굴참나무의 경우에는 190℃, 120분 이상의 증해조건에서 탈리그닌율 90.6% 이상의 잔사를 39.4~43.7%의 수율로 얻을 수 있었다. 두 수종 모두 탈리그닌에는 증해온도의 변화가 증해시간의 변화보다 효과적으로 작용하였다. 200℃의 증해온도에서 잔사의 대부분은 탄수화물로 존재하고 있었고, 증해처리는 180℃의 낮은 온도에서 장시간 처리보다 200℃의 높은 온도에서 단시간 처리가 탈리그닌에 효과적이었다. 칩의 증해결과 180℃의 낮은 온도에서는 탈리그닌보다 헤미셀롤로오스의 용출이 많이 일어났으며, 증해온도가 높아지고 증해시간이 길어짐에 따라 탈리그닌이 많이 일어났다. 용매와 물의 혼합비율에서는 용매의 비율이 높은 경우 크레졸의 가용매분해(솔보리시스)로 인해 탈리그닌율이 증가하였으며, 물의 비율이 높은 경우에는 물에 의한 가수분해가 일어나 잔사의 수율 및 탈리그닌율도 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 펄프생산을 목적으로 할 경우에는 탈리그닌율이 높고 헤미셀롤로오스의 용출이 억제되는 용매인 크레졸의 비율을 높이는 것이 유리하며, 목재성분의 분리 이용을 목적으로 할 경우에는 용매와 물의 등량 혼합비율이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. The solvolysis of wood with cresol and water mixture gives pulps of good guality. Furthermore the reaction mixture can be separated easily into water and organic layer after cooking. The water layer mainly contains sugars from hemicellulose and the organic layer contains lignin. The separation of wood residues can be carried out effectively by the cresol and water mixture. The objectives of this work were to find the most effective solvolysis conditions and methods for the delignification of woods, to find out the changes of carbohydrate and property of wood residues and water solubles under the various solvolysls cooking conditions. Pine(Pinus densiflora) and oak(Quercus variabilis) wood chip and meals were cooked with cresol and water mixture at 180~200℃, for 60~150 minutes. Delignification of pine and oak wood meals by solvolysis cooking with cresol and water mixture at higher cooking temperature, the rate of delignification increased, depends critically on the cooking temperature rather than cooking time. At 180℃ however, the purity of cellulose was increased with increasing cooking time. The ratio of cresol and water was an important factor for delignification and degradation of carbohydrate. As charge of cresol increased, the degradation of carbohydrate was decreased. But as charge of water increased, take mainly place more degradation of carbohydrates than delignification.
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장준복,양재경,임부국,이종윤 한국목재공학회 2004 목재공학 Vol.32 No.1
본 연구는 폐지로부터 용액화물을 제조하고, 제조된 용액화물의 성분 분리 및 성상분석을 통해 용액화물의 효율적인 이용방안을 위한 기초자료 제공에 그 연구 목적이 있다. 폐지의 액화에 있어 건식해리된 폐지보다 습식해리된 폐지의 액화가 비교적 용이하였으며, 이러한 이유는 습식해리된 폐지의 약품 침투가 비교적 용이하기 때문으로 판단된다. 폐지의 최적 액화조건은 폐지 1g에 대해 크레졸 2㎖, 물 4㎖, 인산 0.5㎖로 첨가하여 190℃에서 60분간 액화 시킨 조건이 가장 우수하였다. 폐지 액화물 중 리그닌은 용제인 크레졸 층으로, 탄수화물은 수층으로 용해되어 각각 분리되며, 두 성분의 분리·회수는 비교적 용이하였다. 액화 폐지 중의 리그닌은 80% 이상 회수되었고, 회수된 리그닌의 분자량은 1,000 정도의 저분자량을 나타냈었다. This research was carried out to investigate the component isolation method from liquefied waste paper. and isolated component was analyzed by molecular weight distribution with gel chromatography and nitrobenzene-oxidation analysis. In the aspect of liquefaction ratio, wet defibration fiber are better than dry defibration fiber because of wet defiberation fiber was easy to access of chemical solution. The optimal liquefaction condition of waste paper was treated at 190 C for 60 min(creso1 2 me, water 4 me, phosphoric acid 0.5 ㎖ based on waste paper 1 g). In the liquefied waste paper, lignin and carbohydrate were separated with two interfacial layer(creso1 layer, water layer). In the chemical analysis of isolated lignin, molecular weight distribution of isolated lignin was below 1,000.
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장준복,김승보,이경섭,조정훈,Jang, Jun-Bock,Kim, Seung-Bo,Lee, Kyung-Sub,Cho, Jung-Hoon 한방비만학회 2002 한방비만학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Objectives: To compare the body composition of the postpartal female weight-gained over the recommended during pregnancy with that of normal female with same age. female diagnosed as obesity and postpartal female weight-gained within the recommended during pregnancy. Methods: From Apr. 1. 2001 to Feb. 28. 2002, there were 745 delivery in Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kyung-Hee Medical Center. 32 mothers of them wanted to be investigated about the weight gain during their pregnancy. We excluded 12 persons who had gained within the recommended weight$(15{\beta}{\prod})$ and had diagnosed as the diseases inducing pathologic edema, preeclamsia. gestational heart or renal diseases, for example. In 2 days after delivery(nomal) or 5 days after(Caesarean section) we analysed the body composition of 20 persons. Results: 1. Compared with normal female, body weight, body mass index and body fat of the women gained over the recommended were increased and there made alternation to the increase of the percentage of body fat or the decrease of the percentage of lean body mass. 2. Compared with obese women who had same body mass index, the women gained over the recommended showed a little increase of body fluid, protein and mineral, but had a little decrease of the percentage of body fat. 3. The percentages of body fat increased with the women gained over the recommended, the women gained within the recommended and the obese women in order. This could imply the relation between the pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and the obesity. 4. The weights before pregnancy were same in the women gained over the recommended and the women gained within the recommended. But the weights just after delivery kept the gap happened during pregnancy between them and its main cause was the increase of body fat. Conclusions : The women gained over the recommended during pregnancy experienced the chage of body composition and its main cause was the increase of body fat. So compared with the women gained within the recommende, postpartal obesity more frequently could happen.
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