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이대택,이운용 한국영양학회 2005 Nutritional Sciences Vol.8 No.3
To assess the effect of pinitol supplementation and strength training for two weeks on the anaerobic capacity duringand after exercise, and improvement of glucose metabolism during the recovery period of muscular fatigue withrepeated acute bouts of cycling exercise, a total of 24 healthy young men were recruited and randomly and equallydivided into three groups; pinitol supplementation group (PSG), placebo group (PLG), and control group (CON). Using a randomized double-blinded design, subjects in PSG were provided pinitol supplement, consumed orally1.2 g/day, and participated in the resistance exercise program and cycling exercise for two weeks. Subjects in PLGunderwent the same protocol as those in PSG but consumed the same amount of placebo. No supplementationand exercise program was given to CON. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were tested for their anaerobiccapacities evaluated by Wingate test twice separated by 30 min. During the test, peak anaerobic power(PP), meananaerobic power, total work, and fatigue index were evaluated. During resting and recovery, blood samples weredrawn and plasma pinitol, myo-inositol, chiro-inositol, insulin, free fatty acid, glucose, and lactate levels wereanalyzed. After two weeks, PP and relative PP of the second biking were improved from the first biking in PSGonly (p<0.05). No changes were found in all other variables of Wingate test in all groups. No statistical differencesbetween groups and pre- and post-intervention were observed in concentrations of pinitol, myo-inositol, andchiro-inositol, but pinitol concentration was higher during recovery compared to the baseline in all groups andtestings (p<0.05). Lactate level during recovery was higher than the resting level, but no other blood parameterswere significantly changed. In conclusion, two weeks of pinitol supplementation in conjunction with short durationof anaerobic training in healthy young men did not induce any obvious benefits in terms of anaerobic capacityand energy metabolism. Individual and/or population susceptibility may be one factor responsible for adopting pinitolsupplementation.
Human Responses to Exercise and Air Pollution
이대택 한국체육학회 2010 International journal of human movement science Vol.4 No.2
Environmental stress during international competitions can limit athletic performance and air pollution is one of the major environmental factor deteriorating physical capacities. It has been proposed that air pollutants induce cardiovascular incidences by direct effects of pollutants on cardiovascular system, blood, and lung receptors as well as by indirect effects mediated through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. While particle characteristics such as size, shape and density, and airway morphology can influence a magnitude of inhaled particle deposition, breathing pattern determines air volume and flow rate of inspired air. In resting human, more than two thirds breathe thru only via nose, but it changes when exercising. The "Switching Point", referred to as a point at which ventilation occurs from nasal to oronasal breathing, has been estimated to be about 35 L/min of minute ventilation although wide variable by individuals and many factors. One defense mechanism against air pollutantsis the clearance of deposited particles.
이대택 한국체육학회 2007 International journal of human movement science Vol.1 No.1
Wrestlers often practice weight reduction in short period of time using various undesirable methods including restricting energy and water intakes as well as engaging exercise session in a heated chamber. It is generally acknowledged that rapid weight loss can cause impaired athletic performance and increased injury risks. Scientists investigated the effects of abrupt weight reduction on physical capacity and physiological consequences in weight category athletes, particularly muscular strength and endurance since these muscular functions are essential element for these athletes. Based on the research evidence, dehydration more than 2% of the initial body weight by weight reduction can result in reduction of aerobic performance. When effects of abrupt weight reduction on muscular function has been evaluated, results were variable. This brief review will introduce prevalence of weight reduction methods, consequences of weight reduction and effects of dehydration on muscular functions in elite wrestlers.
Morphological, Fitness, and Blood Lipids Characteristics of Korean Elderly
이대택,구해모,윤재량 한국체육학회 2007 International journal of human movement science Vol.1 No.2
To characterize the morphological, physical fitness, and blood lipids profiles as well as health-related risk factors of Korean elderly men and women, 295 (149 men, 71±5 yrs; 146 women, 70±3 yrs) participants were measured for morphological characteristics and tested for strength, flexibility, endurance, and physical performance. Health status was assessed by a questionnaire consisting of medical history, lifestyle, health perception, and self-reported difficulty of daily activities. Blood lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose were assayed. Grip strength (39±7 vs. 28±5 kg for men vs. women), right leg flexor (21±6 vs. 13±3 kg) and extensor (40±12 vs. 27±8 kg) strengths, the push-up until fatigue (22±11 vs. 11±7 times), and a 3-min walking test (247±39 vs. 229±36 m) were greater for men than women (p<0.001). The sit-and-reach was greater for women (13±7) than men (2±9 cm) (p<0.001). Men performed better on the reaction time and the leg balance (p<0.05) while no differences were found in the sit-and-stand and the up-and-go tests. Women had a higher total cholesterol level (204±36) compared to men (181±39 mg/dL) while the hemoglobin level was lower for women (12.5±1.0) than men (14.2±1.3 g/dL) (p<0.001). Blood glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein levels were similar in both sexes. A relatively high percentage of men were smokers (43%) and drinkers (48%) compared to women (8 and 10%, respectively) (p<0.001). It appeared that Korean elderly men and women should be evaluated differently when their fitness levels and risk factors are monitored.