조선 18세기 백자청화운룡문대호 연구 : 문양의 특징과 용도 구분을 중심으로

이군무(Lee Goon Moo) 명지대학교 문화유산연구소 2019 미술사와 문화유산 Vol.8 No.-

백자청화운룡문호는 조선후기 청화백자를 대표하는 자기이다. 조선은 유교적인 이념 하에 왕실 행사를 중요시 했고 왕실 연향에 빠지지 않고 사용되었던 자기가 운룡문호이다. 청화백자는 고려후기 원(元 1271~1368)에서 들어왔으며 운룡문호는 조선전기 세종(제위 1418~1450)시기 명(明 1368~1644)으로 부터 전해 졌다. 왕실 연향에 사용되었던 운룡문호는 한 때 국내외 여건으로 청화안료 수급이 어려워 가화(假畵)를 사용하거나 산화철을 이용한 철화안료를 사용 운룡문호을 제작하기도 했다. 운룡문호는 조선왕실 연향시 화준(花樽)과 주준(酒樽)으로 사용되었다. 화준은 어좌 앞 좌우에 각각 하나씩 놓였고 그 곳에 꽃을 꽂아 왕실행사의 웅장함을 나타내었다. 주준은 연향에 사용된 술을 담았다. 화준으로 사용된 운룡문대호는 주준으로 사용된 운룡문호와 몇 가지 점에서 차이점을 보인다. 화준과 주준을 구분할 수 있는 차이점은 운룡문호 저부에 있는 규형 연판문의 시문 유무와 연관이 있으며, 규형 연판문의 시문 유무에 따라 운룡문호의 크기와 문양의 배치가 차이를 보인다. 이는 운룡문대호의 용도를 구분하는 기준으로 사용되었을 것으로 생각된다. 저부에 규형 연판문의 시문 유무는 먼저『원행을묘정리의궤』(1795) 도설의 준화도와 화준의 저부에 규형 연판문이 시문되어 있다. 둘째 왕실 연향시 운룡문호의 용도를 구분하기 위한 방법의 하나로 시문양식을 달리 했을 것으로 보인다. 셋째 저부에 규형 연판문이 시문된 운룡문호에서만 용의 진행방향이 좌우로 시문된 모습이 나타난다. 넷째 규형 연판문의 시문된 운룡문호에서는 용의 발가락 개수가 5개가 시문되어 있고 규형 연판문이 없는 경우에는 4개가 시문되어 있다. 다섯째 규형 연판문이 시문되어 있는 경우는 50cm 이상 대형의 기형이고 횡선 아래 여의두문만 시문되어 있는 경우에는 40cm 내외의 크기를 보인다. 이 같은 특징은 왕실 연향시 사용된 운룡문호의 용도를 구분하기 위한 것으로 보인다. 18세기 운룡문호는 이전 시기와는 다른 차이점을 보인다. 특히 운룡문의 시문 방법과 기형의 크기에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구 결과가 18세기 운룡문호를 구분할 수 있는 작은 밑거름이 되길 바란다. Blue and white porcelains with dragon and cloud patterns jar is representative of blue and white porcelains in the late Joseon Dynasty. Joseon Dynasty emphasized royal events under confucian ideology and the porcelains which was used the without being in the royal feast was the blue and white porcelains with dragon and cloud patterns jar. Blue and white porcelains came from the Yuan Dynasty in the late Goryeo period and the white porcelain with cloud and dragon patterns jar was conveyed from the Ming Dynasty during King Sejong reign in the early Joseon period. Blue and white porcelains with dragon and cloud patterns jar which was used in royal feast was once used at home and abroad because it was difficult to supply blue pigments, the blue and white porcelains with dragon and cloud patterns jar was made using fake painting or using iron oxide pigment. The blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud jars was used as a hwajun(花樽) and jujun(酒樽) in the royal feast of the Joseon Dynasty. hwajun were placed one by one in front of king’s seat, and they showed the grandeur of the royal feast. The jujun contained the alcohol used for the event. The blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar used as the Hwa Jun differs from the blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar used as Ju Jun in several points. The distinction between Hwa Jun and Ju Jun is related to presence or absence the Gyu(圭) style lotus patterns in the lower part of the blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar, the size and the arrangement of the patterns are different according to the presence or absence of the Gye style lotus patterns. It is thought that this was used as a standard to distinguish the use of blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar. The presence or absence of the lotus patterns was first thought to have been used as a way to distinguish the use of the blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar during the royal feast. Second, only blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar with a patterned lotus pattern on the bottom shows the dragons direction of progress from side to side. Third in blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar with Gyu style lotus pattern, a dragon with five toes is depicted and a dragon with four toes is depicted without Gyu style lotus pattern. Fourth the Gye style lotus pattern is larger than 50㎝, below the horizontal line of the Yeouidu(如意頭) pattern is about 40㎝. Fifth painting in 『wonhaeng eulmyo jeongli uigwe』(園行乙卯整理儀軌) (1795) depicts Jun Hwado and Hwa jun, and has a Gyu style lotus pattern on the lower part of them. These features seem to distinguish the use of blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar used in royal feast. In the 18th century, the blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar is different from the previous period. Especially, there is a difference in how the dragon pattern is drawn and size of the jar. I hope that the result of this study will be a small base for the distinguishing of the blue and white porcelain with dragon and cloud patterns jar in the 18th century.

Does dexmedetomidine reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with multimodal analgesia?

박정규,정순호,이군무,임세훈,이정한,조광래,김명훈,김현태 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.5

Background: Pain after laparoscopy is multifactorial and different treatments have been proposed to provide pain relief. Multimodal analgesia is now recommended to prevent and treat post-laparoscopy pain. Dexmedetomidine,an α2 agonist, has well-known anesthetic and analgesic-sparing effects. We evaluated the analgesic effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with multimodal analgesia. Methods: Forty- two patients aged 20 to 60 years old were allocated randomly into one of 2 groups (n = 21, in each). All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under multimodal analgesia. The patients in group P received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg during 10 min before induction and then 0.5 μg/kg/h continuously until the removal of the gall bladder while the patients in the group C received saline by the same methods as group P. Total analgesic consumption and VAS score were recorded for the first 24 hr. Results: There were no significant differences in VAS scores between group P and group C during 24 hr after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. VAS scores of group P were lower than that of group C during the 1st hr after operation. The amount of ketorolac required during the 24 hr after the operation was significantly less in group P compared to group C. Conclusions: The administration of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with multimodal analgesia has minimal benefits on the reduction of the postoperative pain score. The amount of ketorolac requirements during 24 hr after the operation showed significant difference. Dexmedetomidine might be helpful for the postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with multimodal analgesia.

Comparison of surgical conditions during propofol or desflurane anesthesia for endoscopic sinus surgery

조광래,이진영,박성국,정순호,이군무,임세훈,이정한,김명훈,김현태,박정규 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.4

Background: Reduction of intraoperative bleeding is necessary to achieve the ideal surgical field for the endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Intraoperative intra nasal bleeding is influenced by various anesthetics. This study compared surgical field condition between propofol/remifentanil (PR) based anesthesia and desflurane/remifentanil (DR) based anesthesia. Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II patients undergoing ESS were randomly assigned to group PR (n = 36) or group DR (n = 32). The extent of the preoperative surgical lesion was classified as high (> 12) and low (≤ 12) Lund-Mackay (LM) scores according to the computed tomography findings. The target mean blood pressure was maintained at 70-80 mmHg. Only one surgeon was involved in rating the visibility of the surgical field on a numeric rating scale (NRS) every 10 minutes. Results: There was a different surgical field grade from PR to DR. The mean (SD) surgical field score of NRS for the PR and DR was 2.3 (0.57) and 2.7 (0.67), respectively (P = 0.006). Especially in the high-LM score patients, the mean (SD) of surgical field score for the PR and DR was 2.4 (0.67) and 3.0 (0.63), respectively (P = 0.012). Conclusions: In the high-LM score patients, PR based anesthesia resulted in better surgical field condition for ESS than DR based anesthesia. In ESS, PR based anesthesia is considered to be helpful. Background: Reduction of intraoperative bleeding is necessary to achieve the ideal surgical field for the endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Intraoperative intra nasal bleeding is influenced by various anesthetics. This study compared surgical field condition between propofol/remifentanil (PR) based anesthesia and desflurane/remifentanil (DR) based anesthesia. Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II patients undergoing ESS were randomly assigned to group PR (n = 36) or group DR (n = 32). The extent of the preoperative surgical lesion was classified as high (> 12) and low (≤ 12) Lund-Mackay (LM) scores according to the computed tomography findings. The target mean blood pressure was maintained at 70-80 mmHg. Only one surgeon was involved in rating the visibility of the surgical field on a numeric rating scale (NRS) every 10 minutes. Results: There was a different surgical field grade from PR to DR. The mean (SD) surgical field score of NRS for the PR and DR was 2.3 (0.57) and 2.7 (0.67), respectively (P = 0.006). Especially in the high-LM score patients, the mean (SD) of surgical field score for the PR and DR was 2.4 (0.67) and 3.0 (0.63), respectively (P = 0.012). Conclusions: In the high-LM score patients, PR based anesthesia resulted in better surgical field condition for ESS than DR based anesthesia. In ESS, PR based anesthesia is considered to be helpful.

General anesthetic management of Prader-Willi syndrome patient undergoing middle cerebral artery-superficial temporal artery anastomosis

이진영,조광래,김명훈,이군무,김효중 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.1

Comparison of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil for attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation

이정한,김효중,김현태,김명훈,조광래,임세훈,이군무,김영재,신치만 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.2

Background: This study was designed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil used in anesthetic induction on hemodynamic change after direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methods: A total of 90 ASA class 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups to receive one of the following treatments in a double-blind manner: normal saline (Group C, n = 30), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group D, n = 30), remifentanil 1 μg/kg (Group R, n= 30). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with 2 vol% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. In group D, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused for 10 min before tracheal intubation. Patients in group R was received 1 μg/kg of remifentanil 1 minute before tracheal intubation. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded from entrance to operation room to 5 min after tracheal intubation. Results: The percent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure due to tracheal intubation in group D and R were significantly lower than that of group C (P < 0.05). The heart rate 1 min after tracheal intubation was lower in groups R and D than in the group C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In healthy normotensive patients, the use of dexmedetomidine during anesthetic induction suppressed a decrease in blood pressure due to anesthetic induction and blunted the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation. Background: This study was designed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil used in anesthetic induction on hemodynamic change after direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methods: A total of 90 ASA class 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups to receive one of the following treatments in a double-blind manner: normal saline (Group C, n = 30), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group D, n = 30), remifentanil 1 μg/kg (Group R, n= 30). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with 2 vol% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. In group D, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused for 10 min before tracheal intubation. Patients in group R was received 1 μg/kg of remifentanil 1 minute before tracheal intubation. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded from entrance to operation room to 5 min after tracheal intubation. Results: The percent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure due to tracheal intubation in group D and R were significantly lower than that of group C (P < 0.05). The heart rate 1 min after tracheal intubation was lower in groups R and D than in the group C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In healthy normotensive patients, the use of dexmedetomidine during anesthetic induction suppressed a decrease in blood pressure due to anesthetic induction and blunted the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation.

폐콘크리트 미분말 대체율 및 양생방법에 따른 모르터의 초기강도 특성

유재성(Yu, Jae Seong),김진만(Kim, Jin Man),이군무(Lee, Kun Mao),현지수(Hyun, Ji Su),이명진(Lee, Myung Jin),최선미(Choi, Sun mi) 한국콘크리트학회 2015 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.5