『도그의 햄릿, 캐훗의 맥베스』:스토파드의 셰익스피어 창조적 변형

윤정용 ( Jeong Young Yoon ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2012 현대영어영문학 Vol.56 No.4

It has been told that Tom Stoppard borrowed plots, dialogues, dramatic actions, characters, and dramatic devices from other writers` works. However, he did not merely imitate them, but creatively reconstituted them, put them into new contexts, and gave them new meanings. In short, creative transformations are Stoppard`s unique theatrical writing style. The purpose of this study is to investigate what he wants to achieve through his writing style, and how his style contributes to develop his view of theatre through various aspects of creative transformations in Stoppard`s Dogg`s Hamlet, Cahoot`s Macbeth. Stoppard explored the content and ideas rather than the forms of the plays, which he had set as his goal in writing his plays. He thought that borrowing from other writers` works was much more economical and effective than originally writing plays on his own. Stoppard used famous classical plays as frameworks of his own plays. Especially, he transformed the works of Shakespeare. He used the Shakespeare`s works not to take advantage of the reputation of the plays, but to attract readers/audiences and to enhance the dramatic effect through the familiarity of the plays. Also, it is highly probable that he borrowed from the classical plays to ensure the authenticity of his works. Stoppard tried to escape from the tradition that playwrights generally tend to write about their own experience in their works. He thought that using other writers` works was the most effective way of expressing theatre`s artificiality and self-reflective aspects. Other writers` works served as a mirror, through which he was able to reconsider his plays. In conclusion, Stoppard`s plays are not merely parasitic imitations or mimicries; they are very meaningful in that other writers` works are transformed and recreated as new type of works. It demonstrates that excellent plays are created not only by using the playwright`s imagination, but also through creative transformations. (Korea University Sejong Campus).

『욕망이라는 이름의 전차』에 나타난 남성성과 가부장적 폭력

윤정용 ( Jeong Yong Yoon ) 21세기영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학21 Vol.25 No.3

Tennessee Williams`s A Streetcar Named Desire shows layers of aspects in violence represented by the power struggles between Stanley and Blanche. As they were born and grown up in a completely different environment, they inevitably create a conflict and conflict with each other on everything. Namely, Blanche from the Southern nobility and Stanley from Polish emigrant working class inevitably come in conflict with each other. Patriarchal Stanley seeks the material amenities of life, and thinks of Blanche as a threatening person who destroys his family and his own community as well. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche`s illusory world consistently collides with Stanley`s real world. To Blanche, the real world is just a series of sufferings such as ex-husband`s sexual perversion and his suicide, the loss of Belle Reve, and the following sexual disorders. Thus, she excessively holds fast to her dreamy world to avoid the pains of the stern realties of life. On the other hand, to Stanley, nothing is more important than the material amenities of life and physical comfort. He destroys Blanche`s sensitive fragile illusory world. And then drives her to despair physically and emotionally through his violence and brutality. In previous studies on A Streetcar Named Desire, the conflict between Stanley and Blanche has been summed up as ``a clash of different civilizations.`` Thus, Stanley`s violence against Blanche has been regarded as legitimately defending modern American culture against the Southern nobility. Even his raping Blanche has been justified partially. But exactly speaking, Stanley`s violent behaviors arise not from a noble cause of protecting modern civilization but from selfish snobbery. In this study, I investigated a diversity of aspects of patriarchal violence imposed by a male-dominated society through the power struggles between Stanley and Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire. In fact, the violence is not merely a way of pushing out human`s immediate feelings. Instead, it is a kind of tangible and intangible strategic arms of procuring hegemony, which contains a political undertone. The violence is a theme of modern or contemporary American plays including A Streetcar Named Desire.

이웃의 정치신학-아서 밀러의 『시련』

윤정용 ( Jeong Yong Yoon ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.3

The Crucible, which dramatized the historical incidents that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, inquired into a universal resemblance between Witch Trials and McCarthysim, and scrutinized the intrinsic problems about human nature. In The Crucible, Miller examined causes and effects of two repeated historical incidents closely, and called for exact awareness of them. What Miller was shocked at McCarthysim of the 1950s was that it not only brought about collective fear about communism but also concocted subjective realities. In The Crucible, Miller sharply pointed out that what is believed to be natural and absolute in a society could be made up by extremely subjective judgments, and transformed into objective truth, gaining authority. In The Crucible, Miller demonstrated that an atmosphere of collective fear could give rise to a new but faulty value, by which innocent individuals were deprived of their lives based on a groundless claim. Distorted religious enthusiasm was coupled with hatred, greed, and jealousy, which caused a tragedy of ‘Witch Trials.`` By juxtaposing the Witch Trials and McCarthysim, Miller tried to show the fact that the individual is vulnerable to collective insanity and ideological offensive moves. In The Crucible, collective insanity prevented villagers from reasonably thinking of their ‘Neighbors,`` which led to bad feelings among the members of the village. Even they used the weak as political scapegoats, calling them witches in order to pursue their own personal interest or cover up their sins. But their selfish desires such as hatred, greed, jealousy were unexpectedly revealed in the middle of witch trials. In conclusion, individual selfishness and struggle for power come into light in the witch trials, which are pivotal forces in The Crucible.

논리모형을 활용한 재직학습자 지원 프로그램 평가모델 개발

윤정용(Yoon, Jeongyong),김주후(Kim, Juhu) 연세대학교 교육연구소 2020 미래교육학연구 Vol.33 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 대학의 재직학습자 지원 프로그램의 평가를 위해 논리모형을 활용한 평가모델을 개발하고 제안하는데 있다. 프로그램 논리에 기초한 평가모델 개발을 통해 목표 지향적 총괄평가의 제한점을 보완하면서 보다 과정중심의 형성평가가 이루어 질 수 있는 방안에 주목하였다. 이를 위해 재직학습자 관련 선행연구를 고찰하고 경기도 지역에 소재하는 1개 대학의 재직자학과 재학생 182명을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 프로그램 논리모형의 주요 요소로서 재직학습자의 특성, 학습 장애요소, 학습자 지원 방안 등이 도출되었다. 특히, 학생들이 경험하는 어려움으로는 일과 학습의 병행, 기초학력 부족, 대학생활 적응 문제 등이 분석되었다. 재직학습자를 위한 지원 방안으로는 맞춤형 교육과정 운영, 기초학력 및 대학 적응을 위한 프로그램 제공, 유연한 학사제도 및 성인학습자 친화형 수업 실시 등이 제시되었다. 도출된 각 요소들은 맥락에 따라 상황, 투입, 활동, 산출, 성과 등에 배치하고 프로그램 평가의 관점에서 구조화 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 논리모형을 통해 대학의 이해관계자는 재직자학습자 지원 프로그램의 전체적인 구조와 맥락을 이해하고 프로그램의 실천적인 개선과 성과관리가 가능한 과정중심의 평가를 실시할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to develop and propose a logic model for the evaluation of a programs supporting work-study university students. In order to overcome the limitations of outcome-oriented summative evaluation, we aimed at developing a process-oriented formative evaluation based on the logic model. To this end, we reviewed previous studies related to work-study learners and analyzed the results of a survey of 182 work-study learners registered at a university in Gyeonggi-do. As a result, the characteristics of work-study learners, obstacles to learning, and ways to support learners were derived as the main elements of the program logic model. In particular, the difficulties experienced by students were found to include conditions to carry out work and study together, lack of academic competence, and adjusting to college life. As ways to support work-study learners, it was suggested to offer a customized curriculum, programs to enhance basic academic competency and college adaptation, flexible academic system, and adult learner-friendly classes. Each element derived through the analysis was placed in the situation, inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of the logic model in accordance with the program context, and was structured in terms of program evaluation. The logic model presented in this study is expected to help universities’ stakeholders to get better understanding of the overall structure and context of the work-study learner support programs, and thus conduct a process-oriented evaluation that enables program improvement and outcome management.

혈소판 풍부 혈장의 주사치료

윤정용(Jeong yong Yoon),조현철(Chris Hyunchul Jo) 대한정형외과학회 2018 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

혈소판 풍부 혈장(platelet-rich plasma)은 자가혈액에서 혈소판을 추출한 농축액이며, 정상 혈액보다 많은 성장인자를 포함하여 손상된 조직 치유에 도움이 된다. 이러한 근거를 바탕으로 혈소판 풍부 혈장은 다양한 근골격계 손상 및 질환에서 사용되는 치료 방법 중 하나이며 사용 시도가 증가하고 있지만 아직까지 과학적 근거제시가 부족한 상황이며 수준 높은 임상시험을 통한 결과보고가 적은 것이 현실이다. 또한 혈소판 풍부 혈장은 4Ds (Drug [platelet-rich plasma], Delivery [application method], Donor [patients], Disease [stage of disease])에 의한 연구 간 차이로 다양한 결과들이 나오게 되었으며, 혈소판 풍부 혈장의 주사치료에 대한 효용성에 성급한 결론을 내리는 것은 아직 이르다. 질환의 부위, 종류, 급성 또는 만성 질환 정도에 따라 최적의 적용 시기나 적용 방법이 달라야 하며, 이에 대한 혈소판 풍부 혈장의 제조상의 표준화를 이루고 각각의 분석 및 연구가 필요하다. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) supplies numerous growth factors from concentrated platelets required to promote the healing process of injured or degenerated tissue. PRP is already a popular option to treat a variety of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, even though the precise mechanism of action is not completely understood. Varying outcomes, from favorable to poor, after PRP injection may arise from interstudy differences with respect to 4Ds (Drug [PRP], Delivery [application method], Donor [patients], and Disease [stage of rotator cuff disease]). In addition, there is no standard treatment regimen (injection location, number, interval, volume). Therefore, precise outcome measures as well as long-term follow-up are required to accurately evaluate the efficacy.

스토파드 극에 나타난 영화적 기법

윤정용 ( Jeongyong Yoon ) 21세기영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학21 Vol.31 No.1

Tom Stoppard’s interest in cinema started long before he began writing plays, and has exercised a far-reaching influence on his playwriting. Therefore, it is very important to study the cinematic elements in his plays to examine the world of Stoppard’s works. On one hand, he brought an exact sense of sophisticated dialogue from theater into film. On the other hand, he brought an exact sense of structuring scenes from film into theater. In other words, he took good advantage of cinematic techniques to enhance his plays. Likewise, he instilled theatrical elements into his films. In short, to Stoppard, theater and film are not separate and different, but interdependent and coexistent. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Stoppard made the minor roles Rosencrantz and Guildenstern into main characters and reproduced dramatic events which are not enacted in Hamlet. Ultimately, he opposed the conventional world of Hamlet by reading and understanding the play from a different angle, and thereby questioned unquestionable universal truth. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Stoppard did not subvert Hamlet so as to destroy the dramatic narrative and point out the unjustifiable sacrifice of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. As stated earlier, what he intended to subvert is not so much Shakespeare himself as the unquestioned cultural and political authority granted tests such as Shakespeare’s. Stoppard’s textual revisions from a different viewpoint are consistent themes of Stoppard’s works. He makes good use of cinematic techniques to represent those alternative viewpoints effectively. Arcadia, which is hailed as Stoppard’s most brilliant and fascinating play, is not only a story of two contemporary researchers who try to find out what really happened in Sidley Park, but also an intellectual discourse about a variety of scientific, mathematical, and philosophical arguments. In Arcadia, Stoppard uses two different historical periods to elaborate plots and demonstrate that it is impossible to know what happened using fragments of the past. Arcadia abounds in contrasting or symmetrical characters. Through the symmetrical characters, he does not overtly show his own opinion of “who is right” or “who is wrong.” Instead, he metaphorically describes the modern world where there exist various ideas. He not only fosters audiences’ or readers’ dramatic interest but also stimulates their intellectual curiosity through contrasting, versatile ideas. The real intention of Stoppard’s writing is not to intentionally lead audiences or readers to disorder but to show them the diversity of our world where versatile theories are mixed with confusing human relations.

『헨리 5세』에 나타난 왕권의 탈신비화 양상

윤정용 ( Jeong Yong Yoon ) 21세기영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학21 Vol.26 No.3

The terms ‘subversion`` and ‘containment`` are crucial key words in New Historicism, and they are very useful in understanding Shakespeare`s histories. In his historical plays, Shakespeare dramatized the real historical events during medieval England, and illustrated the relationship between subversion and containment by showing how the ruling class maintained and enforced its power against subversion, and that the class failed to remain in power if it did not overthrow the opposing groups. In his historical plays, Shakespeare used political conflict, rebellion, and war, to demonstrate a variety of ways in which the King`s reign of power is constantly colliding with opposing groups or sometimes challenged by them. Especially, Shakespeare`s histories are very unique in that the subversive consist of the resistive ruled class, and the hostile people inside the ruling class, as well as the opposing groups plotting a rebellion, which all threaten the dominant ideology. Outwardly, in King Henry V, Henry V is depicted as a successful ruler who won the war against France. But he relentlessly conflicts with the opposing groups. Therefore, King Henry V reveals the contradictory aspects of the dominant ideology inherent in powerful sovereign power. In King Henry V, the ruling class does not merely suppress the oppressive, but also absorbs the forces of subversion to be integrated into the dominant ideology. In King Henry V, Henry V exercises his power to fight against the possibility of a number of subversions schemed by the opposing groups. He manages to strengthen the dominant power with a successful containment strategy. But in the process of strengthening the ideology, his Machiavellian tactics and his anti-heroic aspects come to demystify the sanctity of sovereign power. Eventually, the image of Henry V as an ideal monarch is reduced to just an illusionary one made to conform to the dominant ideology. In Shakespeare`s histories, the dominant ideology comes to strengthen itself in the face of possibility of endless subversion by absorbing or suppressing all forms of subversive forces, and the existing order can be maintained through the succession of subversion and containment. On one hand, subversion enforces the existing power structure, acting as an inevitable element in the formation of power. On the other hand, since subversive ideologies themselves not only fight against the existing power, but also modify the prevailing order, they lay the foundation for materialistically analyzing power and ideology. In conclusion, the New Historicist and Cultural Materialist approaches have been criticized for concentrating on analyzing the power structure in study of Shakespeare`s histories. But they have great academic significance in that they attempt to restore the surrounding culture which has been neglected so far.

단순남성임균성 요도염에 대한 Kanamycin과 Gentamicin의 치료 효과 비교

윤정용(Jeong Yong Yoon),김영태(Young Tae Kim),김중환(Joong Hwan Kim) 대한피부과학회 1988 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Between December 18, 1985 and May 31, 1986 at the VD Clinic, Choong-ku Public Health Center, in Seoul, 274 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal infection, including 124 penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) infection, were entered into the study. They were divided randomly into the group A and the group B. In the group A, treated with kanamycin 2g, im regimen, 126 of 137 patients were followed and 86 patients(68.3%) were cured. In the group B, treated with gentamicin 240mg, im regimen, 125 of 137 patients were followed and 78 patients(62.4%) were cured. The cure rates in PPNG urethritis were 63.9%(39/61) in the group A and 50.9%(29/57) in the group B. The cure rates in non PPNG urethritis were 72.3%(47/65) in the group A and 72.1% (49/68) in the group B. No significant difference was observed in cure rates between two groups. It is suggested that. both kanamycin 2g, im regimen and gentamicin 240mg, im regimen is not suitable for a first line treatment for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis.

스토파드의 『곡예사들』에 나타난 리얼리티의 양상

윤정용 ( Jeong Yong Yoon ) 한국영미문화학회 2007 영미문화 Vol.7 No.3

안전사고 방지를 위한 풀림방지형 쐐기형 인장클램프 개발

박동수(Dong-Su Park),윤정용(Joung-young Yoon) 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10