국내 토종벌(Apis cerana koreana) 아종의 형태적 특성 분석

올가프런제,김정은,김동원,강은진,김경문,박보선,최용수 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.3

: There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. с. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea : 새롭게 육성된 낭충봉아부패병 저항성 신품종 토종벌(Apis cerana koreana) 과 기존 농가에서 관행적으로 사육되는 토종벌 사이의 형태학적 차이를 육안으로 확연하게 구분하는 것은 어렵지만 본 연구에서는 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana) 을 기존 토종벌(A. c. koreana) 품종 및 계통 간 형태학적 비교를 통해 신품종 만의 특성을 결정할 수 있는 표현형 정보를 제공하였다. 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)의 외부형질을 이용한 품종 특성은 22가지의 형태학적 특성을 기하학적, 형태학적 분석 방법을 적용하고 토종벌(A. c. koreana)의 로얄젤리 생산량, 일벌, 여왕벌, 수벌의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 기존 토종벌과 앞날개의 길이에 차이를 보였으며, 중국의 동양종꿀벌(A. cerana)과 비교한 결과, 일벌은 몸무게, 혀의 길이, 앞날개의 길이 등의 값이 높았다. 또한, 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 A. cerana indica 보다 두 가지 부위에서 형태학적인 차이를 보였다. 그리고 신품종 토종벌(A. c. koreana)은 로얄젤리를 다른 품종과 비교하여 많이 분비하여 봉군의 발육에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 따라서 본연구결과는 신규 육성 토종벌(A. cerana)에 대한 형태학적 분석 방법을 이용하여 품종을 분류하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Morphometric Characterization of Newly Defined Subspecies Apis cerana koreana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Republic of Korea

최용수,올가프런제,김정은,김동원,강은진,김경문,박보선,Yong-Soo, Choi,Olga, Frunze,Jung-Eun, Kim,Dongwon, Kim,Eun-Jin, Kang,Kyungmun, Kim,Bo-Sun, Park Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.3

There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. c. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea.

토종꿀벌 (A pis cerana F. var. Baekdubeol) 낭충봉아부패병 저항성 품종 백두벌 육성 및 형질 특성 및 벌꿀 생산성 비교

최용수,강은진,박희근,올가프런제 한국양봉학회 2020 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Recently, Sacbrood virus (SBV) caused significant colony collapse in Korean Apis cerana. Therefore, the breeding of resistant bees to counter this viral disease is urgently needed. Considering that hygienic behavior in honey bees is genetically based and confers colony-level resistance against brood diseases, we utilized this trait for selecting A. cerana colonies using pin-killed pupae and SBV-killed larvae assays. Also, the brood survival rate was evaluated after colonies were inoculated with SBV. Colonies that exhibited the highest levels of hygienic behavior and brood survival were selected to rear daughter queens and drones for the next generations. Over four selective generations from 2015 to 2018, dead brood removal and brood survivorship in colonies of the hybrid lines (Baekdubeol) was significantly higher than those in the controls (positive control : Hallaboel and negative control : local) (P<0.01, 99.3 vs. 89.9% for removal of pin-killed pupae; P<0.01, 99.0 vs. 63.9% for removal of SBV-killed larvae; and P<0.01, 70.0 vs. 9.2% for brood survivorship). Following SBV-inoculation, colonies of the hybrid line (Baekdubeol) showed an increase in the number of surviving pupae and adults, whereas control colonies collapsed mostly because of SBV infection. Our results confirm the feasibility of selecting SBVresistant A. cerana based on the improved capability of dead brood removal and brood viability. Comparing honey productivity, a worker of the Baeckdubeol was 27.9 mg respectively.

스마트팜 시스템 구축을 위한 로열젤리 생산 현황 분석

박보선,최용수,강은진,박희근,올가프런제,김동원 한국지식정보기술학회 2020 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.5

In this study was to present the development strategies for beekeeping industry in Korea. Furthermore, the status of royal jelly production was analyzed intensively. Royal jelly was a smart beekeeping among products with high accessibility. The number of beekeepers was about 20,000 or more, with 21.2 thousand in 2012 and 26.5 thousand in 2018. The number of hive was about 2 million by 2015, exceeded 2 million in 2016, 2018. The economic value of the beekeeping industry is estimated at ￦552.7 billion in 2017. In addition, honey bees have the role of pollination, and are responsible for the public benefit of maintaining the natural ecosystem. There was no official statistics on the production of royal jelly worldwide, however China produces more than 90%. In Korea, royal jelly was the third largest beekeeping product in the beekeeping industry, with ￦28.1 billion. As a way to expand the production of royal jelly, the establishment of a smart farm system must be introduced. The current status of smart farm use includes automation technology for supplying to the food and an electric heating device to increase the internal temperature of the hive in early spring. The direction of the smart farm should be automatic monitoring, pest reduction, and labor reduction technologies. The National Assembly promulgated the Act on Support for the Beekeeping Industry on August 28, 2019, and it is in force from August 28, 2020. Through the application of the smart farm system, it is possible to realize stable revenue source creation and labor reduction for beekeepers.

자동화 모니터 및 개발을 위한 등검은말벌 발생 현황 조사

박보선,최용수,강은진,박희근,올가프런제,김동원 한국지식정보기술학회 2020 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.5

The damage of wasps in the beekeeping industry is increasing, but there are limitations in continuous control and monitoring. This study was conducted for the purpose of collecting basic data for the development of automatic monitoring system for occurrence status of wasps. The survey was conducted over a total of three years from 2018 to 2020, and once a week from April to November when wasps start to occur. As a result, 494 were collected in 2018, 1272 in 2019, and 795 in 2020, a total of 2561 wasps were captured, and after divided them according to date, attractant agent, and habitat, and then cluster analysis was performed on them. As a result, in 2018, Vespa ducalis and Vespa analis parallela, in 2019, Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Vespa mandarinia, and in 2020, Vespa analis parallela and Vespa velutina nigrithorax were dominant and subdominant species, respectively. It was confirmed that the Vespa velutina nigrithorax (28%) and Vespa analis parallela (23%) were dominant for three year. We monitored the Yellow-legged wasp, an invasive species that has become a problem each year, and as a result, queen bees occur from early May to early June. It was confirmed that the peak period was achieved from middle of September to middle of October. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data that can be used to refer to considerations such as habitats, target species, attractant agent, and monitoring period to be equipped in the monitoring system when constructing an automated wasp monitoring system.

로열젤리 생산 효율 증대를 위한 봉군 종합관리 기술

김동원,최용수,강은진,박희근,박보선,올가프런제,박승환,이만영 한국양봉학회 2020 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

In order to increase the production of royal jelly, honeybee breed, high brood production (egg) of queen, and beekeeping management technique were involved in a complex type. The objective of this study was to increase the efficiency of royal jelly production by applying a beekeeping management technique suitable for the royal jelly production status in Korea. In the beekeeping management skills which is the most important factor in increasing the production of royal jelly. We estimated the laid-egg per day by multiple queens in one colony. We compared the rate and yield royal jelly of larvae acceptance and present the results of this study. When using multiple queens in one colony, this treatment was control (1 queen), 3 queens, and 5 queens, and the number of egg per day was 700, 2,164, and 4,500 worker, respectively. Through this, it could be seen that it is higher efficient to multiple queen in one colony. In addition, in the comparison of the commercially used queen cup for production of royal jelly, C and D type products had higher larvae acceptance rates and royal jelly production. As for make method of the multiple queen, first of all, the queen bee sting and mandible were one-third partially cut before use. And in order to maintain continuous high brood, honeycomb arrangement management skill should be applied with other skills. The results of this study were expected to contribute to the development of the beekeeping industry by improving the production efficiency of royal jelly, reducing labor and professional breeding management skills to beekeepers.

토종꿀벌 (Apis cerana F. var. Hallabeol) 낭충봉아부패병 저항성 품종 한라벌의 형질 특성

최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),강은진(Eun-Jin Kang),박희근(Hee-geun Park),올가프런제(Olga Frunze) 한국양봉학회 2020 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.35 No.1