Development of Probability Theory based Dynamic Travel Time Models

양철수 대한교통학회 2011 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

This paper discusses models for estimating dynamic travel times based on probability theory. The dynamic travel time models proposed in the paper are formulated assuming that the travel time of a vehicle depends on the distribution of the traffic stream condition with respect to the location along a road when the subject vehicle enters the starting point of a travel distance or with respect to the time at the starting point of a travel distance. The models also assume that the dynamic traffic flow can be represented as an exponential distribution function among other types of probability density functions.

수치 및 도해 지적측량의 면적오차 계산식에 관한 현실적 고찰

양철수 한국측량학회 2017 한국측량학회지 Vol.35 No.6

In cadastral surveying, there are problems that no area error is allowed where numerical surveying is carried out, and allowable area error is specified irrespective of parcel shape where graphic surveying is carried out. In this research, we derived a general formula of parcel area error necessary for grasping these two problems. The calculations using the derived formula showed that where the coordinate error of the boundary point is set to 5cm+10ppm practically, then even a small parcel of 100 m2 includes non-negligible area error of 0.71m2. And, it is found that the area error specified by the current regulation is based on a rectangular parcel of 1:5 aspect ratio. These results show that the area error of polygon parcel can be determined by a single formula by specifying the coordinate error of the boundary points, and can be used to revise the current regulations that can be applied uniformly regardless of surveying methods. 지적측량의 경우 수치측량을 실시하는 지역에서는 사실상 면적오차를 허용하고 있지 않으며, 도해측량을 실시하는 지역에서는 필지 형상과 무관하게 면적오차를 규정하고 있다는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 두 가지 문제점의 파악에 필요한 면적오차의 일반식을 도출하였다. 이 수식을 이용한 계산에 의하면, 현실적으로 지적재조사사업의 필지경계점의 좌표오차를 5cm+10ppm으로 둘 경우, 100 m2 필지라 해도 면적오차가 0.71m2 로서 무시할 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또, 지적법시행령에서 규정한 면적오차는 경계점 오차를 도면축척으로 둘 경우 변장 비율이 1:5인 직사각형의 면적오차와 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는, 다각형 필지의 면적오차는 경계점좌표의 오차 크기를 지정함으로써 측량 방법을 구분하지 않고 하나의 수식에 의해 면적오차의 허용범위를 정할 수 있다는 것으로, 지적측량의 면적오차를 규정하는 현행 규정을 합리적으로 개정하는 데에 활용될 수 있다.

수치 및 도해 지적측량의 면적오차 계산식 고찰

양철수,양근우 한국지적정보학회 2017 한국지적정보학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Targeting ROS as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases

양철수 한국고분자학회 2017 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.42 No.2

초발의 수산칼슘 환자에서 성별 및 연령에 따른 요석형성 관련인자의 비교

양철수,문영태 대한비뇨의학회 2005 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: The metabolic parameters were compared with the 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis in 3 age groups and according to gender. Materials and Methods: A total of 167 patients(114 male and 53 female) with their 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, including 21 patients aged <30 years(group A), 99 aged 30-59 years(group B) and 47 aged ≥60 years(group C), were investigated by metabolic evaluation. The items of metabolic change evaluated were the low 24-hour urine volume(<1,500cc), hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia. Results: A low 24-hour urine volume was more common in group A (46.6%) than groups B(24.2%) or C(23.4%). Hypercalciuria was more common in group B(16.2%, p<0.05) than groups A(0%) or C(2.1%). There were 14.3% hyperoxaluric patients in group A and 34.3% in group B, which was statistically significant(p<0.05). Of the 167 patients, 101 had hypocitraturia, but seemed to show no statistically significant difference between the groups. Hyperuricosuria was more common in group A (33.3%) than groups B(11.1) or C(2.1%). Conclusions: In patients with 1st episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis, hypocitraturia is the most common risk factor, regardless of age or gender. Hypercalciuria was more common in group B(age 30-59) than the other age groups, while low urine output and hyperuricosuria were more common in group A(age<30). Considering the significant differences in the various risk factors between the different age groups, the specific prevention and treatment of certain risk factors for calculus formations according to age and gender seem necessary.

GEOSAT 인공위성 해면고도 관측자료를 이용한 한반도 주변해역에서 의 중력이상의 결정

양철수,최광선 한국해양학회 1994 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Sea surface height geoidal undulation, and gravity anomaly derived from satellite altimeter measurements are described. Assuming mean sea surface height (MSSH) as geoidal undulation, MSSH was converted to gravity anomaly. the result shows that the gravity anomaly derived from satellite altimeter data can be mapped to an accuracy of the surface ship gravity measurements. The data used for the conversion is the two-year mean sea surface height obtained from GEOSAT Exact Repeat Mission. The conversion was carried out using fast Fourier transform with plane approximation. In this process, the so called remove-restore method was employed.

지적측량의 면적오차 계산공식에 대한 문제점 및 개선방안 고찰

양철수 한국국토정보공사 2022 지적과 국토정보 Vol.52 No.1

Based on the general formula for the area error of a polygon and rectangular parcel, the constant term 0.0262 x M (scale denominator) of the area error calculation formula prescribed by the Enforcement Decree was analyzed. As a result, it is found that the formula appropriately reflects the characteristics of the graphical surveying as a typical rectangular parcel model, but quantitatively allows a relatively large area error. In addition, it is found that, even if the area is the same, 50% more area error than a square parcel could be calculated depending on the shape of the parcel, and that the allowable area error should be different when dividing a parcel. Based on the analysis, furthermore, this study shows a solution that can solve the problems at once from the point of cadastral surveying. These are, the problem of reflecting the accuracy of the surveying, the problem of reflecting the size and shape of the parcel, and the problem whether a single area error formula can be used without having to distinguish between graphical and numerical surveyings. The new formula that solves these problems will bring about improvements in many related factors and promote the development of digital cadastral system. 다각형 필지의 면적오차계산에 대한 일반식으로부터 직사각형 필지의 면적오차계산식을 도출하고 관련 법률 시행령에서 정하고 있는 면적오차계산의 상수항 0.0262 x M(축척분모)이 갖는 의미를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 현행의 면적오차 공식은 직사각형 필지모형으로서 도해측량의 특성을 적절히 반영하고 있으나, 정량적으로는 면적오차를 비교적 크게 허용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또, 면적이 같더라도 필지의 형상에 따라 정사각형 필지보다 50% 더 많은 면적오차가 산출될 수 있다는 문제, 필지 분할시 허용면적오차가 달라져야 하는 문제 등을 파악하였다. 이와 더불어, 본 연구에서 도출한 면적오차 계산식으로써 지적측량의 관점에서 문제를 한꺼번에 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 즉, 필지의 크기와 형상을 반영하는 문제, 측량의 정확도를 반영하는 문제, 도해측량과 수치측량을 구분할 필요 없이 단일의 면적오차계산식을 채택하는 문제에 대한 해결책이다. 이들 문제를 해소하는 새로운 면적오차 계산식의 채용은 많은 관련 요소들의 개선을 촉진하여 선진적 지적제도로의 발전을 강화할 것이다.

GPS측량성과와 현행성과간의 좌표변화

양철수,김정호 한국지적학회 1997 한국지적학회지 Vol.13 No.-

고려홍삼으로부터 분리한 compound K 함유분획에 의한 대식세포의 toll-like receptor-의존성 신호전달로 활성조절 분석

양철수,고성룡,조병구,이지연,김기혜,신동민,육재민,손현수,김영숙,위재준,도재호,조은경,Yang, Chul-Su,Ko, Sung-Ryong,Cho, Byung-Goo,Lee, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Ki-Hye,Shin, Dong-Min,Yuk, Jae-Min,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Young-Sook,Wee, Jae-Joon,Do, Jae-Ho 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 고려홍삼으로부터 새로 분리한 CK 함유분획을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포에 대한 선천면역반응 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 농도의 CK 함유분획에서는 세포독성 효과가 관찰되지 않았으며 CK함유 분획의 전처리에 의하여 그람음성세균의 LPS, 또는 CpG-ODN에 의해 유도되는 NF-${\kappa}B$와 MAPK 활성 및 전염증성 사이토카인, NO의 분비가 TLR4 및 TLR9 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 CK 함유분획이 TLR4을 매개로하는 염증반응뿐만 아니라 TLR9을 통한 염증반응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 앞으로 CK 함유 분획에 포함된 개별 사포닌 등 시료 성분에 대한 면밀한 분석, 그리고 이들 개별 물질이 각각의 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향과 그 기작에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료되며 염증억제제로서의 개발 가능성을 탐구하기 위한 생체 내에서의 효능 및 작용기전 분석이 요구된다. Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38], NF-${\kappa}B$, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9-associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4 and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.

A Study on the Safety-Maximizing Design of Exclusive Bus Lanes

양철수 대한교통학회 2012 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Exclusive bus lane (EBL) is typically located in the roadway median, and is accessed by weaving across the GPLs(general purpose lanes) before entering from the left lane of the GPLs. To maximize the potential for successful EBL operations, a critical design issue that requires special attention is the length of bus weaving section before entering EBL. The process of developing guidelines for the length of bus weaving section can be supported by a sensitivity analysis of performance measure (safety) with respect to the bus weaving distance. However, field data are difficult to obtain due to inherent complexity in creating performance measure (safety)samples under various interesting flows and bus weaving distance that are keys to research success. In this paper,VISSIM simulation is applied to simulate the operation of roadway weaving areas with EBL, and based on vehicle trajectory data from microscopic traffic simulation models, the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)computes the number of surrogate conflicts (or degree of safety) with respect to the bus weaving distance. Then,a multiple linear regression (MLR) model using safety data (number of surrogate conflicts) is developed. Finally,guidelines for bus weaving distance are established based on the developed MLR. Developed guidelines explicitly indicate that a longer bus weaving distance is required to maintain desired safety as weaving volume increases.