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송재관,김예현,Song, Jae-Kwan,Kim, Ye-Hyun 대한방사선과학회 1995 방사선기술과학 Vol.18 No.2
Embryos and fetuses are more sensitive to various environmental agents than adults of children biological effects following the exposure, such as intrauterin, malformation, have intimate conception with the prenatal exposure. There have been many studies on radiation and other agent. However, imformation about the ultrasound effects is limited. It is very important to study the effect of ultrasound with these kinds of fatera in consideration of ultrasound protection and safty. In this study, embryonic and fefal effects of ICR mouse embryos irradiated on 24, 48, 12 and 192 hpc of preimplantation and organogenesis period at the intensity of $0.5{\sim}3\;W/cm^2$ were investigated. Many type of external malformation observed in mouse irradiated on 72 hpc and 192 hpc. However, the embryos irradiated on 24 hpc and 48 hpc, at witch embryos had less then 6 cells and were pre-compaction stage, had no sensitivity for external malformation. The threshold doses of external malformation in mouse irradiated on 72 hpc and 192 hpc, at which embryos were consisted of $16{\sim}32$ cells and neural formation stage, were $1\;W/cm^2$ and $0.5\;W/cm^2$.
수열합성법으로 제막한 MoO<sub>3</sub> 나노 구조체를 정공수송층으로 갖는 페로브스카이트 태양전지 특성분석
송재관,안준섭,한은미,Song, Jae-Kwan,Ahn, Joon-Sub,Han, Eun-Mi 한국재료학회 2020 한국재료학회지 Vol.30 No.2
MoO<sub>3</sub> metal oxide nanostructure was formed by hydrothermal synthesis, and a perovskite solar cell with an MoO<sub>3</sub> hole transfer layer was fabricated and evaluated. The characteristics of the MoO<sub>3</sub> thin film were analyzed according to the change of hydrothermal synthesis temperature in the range of 100 ℃ to 200 ℃ and mass ratio of AMT : nitric acid of 1 : 3 ~ 15 wt%. The influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell was evaluated. Nanorod-shaped MoO<sub>3</sub> thin films were formed in the temperature range of 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the chemical bonding and crystal structure of the thin films were analyzed. As the amount of nitric acid added increased, the thickness of the thin film decreased. As the thickness of the hole transfer layer decreased, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell improved. The maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell having an MoO<sub>3</sub> thin film was 4.69 % when the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis were 150 ℃ and mass ratio of AMT : nitric acid of 1 : 12 wt%.
승모판협착증에서 운동능력을 결정하는 혈역학적인 인자 ; Exercise Doppler Echocardiography 를 이용한 연구
송재관(Jae Kwan Song),강덕현(Duk Hyun Kang),이철환(Cheol Hwan Lee),이상곤(Sang Gon Lee),정상식(Sang Sig Cheong),홍명기(Myeong Ki Hong),김재중(Jae Joong Kim),박성욱(Seong Wook Park),박승정(Seung Jung Park),이종구(Jong Koo Lee) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.5
N/A Objectives: Objective assessment of degree of functional impairment in patients with valvular heart disease is crucial in the clinical decision-making. The present study was designed to examine the use of formal exercise testing in the evaluation of mitral stenosis (MS) ancl to determine hemodynamic factors associated with exercise tolerance in patients with MS. Methods: In 37 patients with MS (26 females, age of 51±10yrs), Doppler measurement of transmitral gradient (MG) and pressure gradient between right ventricle and atrium using turbulent jets of tricuspid regurgitation (PGTR) was performed before and immediately after maximum symptom-limited treadmill exercise (EX) according to Bruce protocol. Results: Mean mitral valve area (MVA) was 0.97±0.33㎠ (0.5-1.9) and number of patients with severe MS (MVA<1.0㎠) were 25/37. TR was present in 35/37 at rest and immediately after EX, PGTR could be measured in 86% (32/37). Mean EX time was 422±188 sec (112-760) and MG increased from 11±5 to 27±10mmHg (p<0.001) and PGTR form 31±13 to 61±30mmHg (p<0.001). Using a linear regression, factors associated with prolonged EX time were male gender, increased mobility of leaflet, low MG, small pre- and post-EX TR jets, low pre-and post-EX PGI'R, and appropriate increase of heart rate during EX; among them, low post-EX PGTR (p=0.000) and heart rate increase with EX (p=0.005) were the significant independent factors. In patients with tight MS with average MVA of 0.8±0.15㎠, the range of PGTR increase with EX was from 10 to 100mmHg. Patients with post-EX PGTR more than 60mmHg had larger jets of TR at rest, and higher basal MG and pre-EX PGTR compared to the others. Conclusion: Exercise Doppler echocardiography is technically simple and an important addition to the noninvasive evaluation of patients with MS. Increase of PGTR with EX rather than MVA at rest per se is the important determining factors for EX capacity in patients with MS, and it can be predicted by severity of TR at rest and pre-EX PGTR.
관동맥의 내피세포의존성 혈관이완에 대한 마그네슘의 영향
송재관(Jae Kwan Song),고문수(Moon Soo Koh),염광섭(Kwang Seoup Yeoum),이진오(Jhin Oh Lee),강태웅(Tae Woong Kang),서정돈(Jung Don Seo),이영우(Young Woo Lee),서석효(Suk Hyo Suh),김기환(Ki Whan Kim) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.4
N/A After the historical discovery of a soluble vasodilating substance from the vascular endothelium (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF), impaired EDRF-mediated vasorelaxation is discussed as one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of coronary artery spasm. Recently, some clinical reports that hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the induction of coronary artery spasm were presented, although there are controversial reports on the effects of the extracellular magnesium ion on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Isometric contraction-relaxation was recorded in the transverse strips of porcine coronary artery to clarify the exact effects of Mg2+ on tension-development by a vasoconstrictor agent and on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and to predict a possible mechanism of hypomagnesemia in the induction of coronary artery spasm. The results of our study were as follows: 1) Vasoconstrictor activity of PGF2α was significantly more attenuated in the endothelium-intact transverse strips of porcine coronary artery than in the endothelium-denuded strips. 2) Lowering the magnesium concentration enhanced the vasoconstrictor activity of PGF2α while a marked reduction of isometric tension was observed with the elevation of magnesium concentration. 3) Bradykinin-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is a dose-dependent manner which was completely abolished with the pretreatment of hemoglobin. 4) Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of bradykinin was markedly inhibited by lowering the extracellular calcium ion concentration. 5) Change of the extracellular magnesium ion concentration did not alter the IC50 (inhibitory concentration of bradykinin causing a 50% inhibition of the maximum contraction) values of bradykinin-induced endothelium dependent vasorelaxation. From these results it is concluded that if magnesium deficiency is implicated in the induction of coronary artery spasm, the main mechanism would be direct enhancement of responsiveness of the vascular smooth muscle to the vasoconstrictors. Further study with a bioassay system and more various stimulators of EDRF secretion is necessary for exact clarification of the effects of Mg2+ on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.
관동맥연축에서 서방형 칼슘길항제인 Diltiazem 과 Verapamil 의 치료효과 : Ergonovine Echocardiography 를 이용한 무작위 비교 연구
송재관(Jae Kwan Song),박성욱(Seong Wook Park),제수정(Soo Jung Je),김재중(Jae Joong Kim),두영철(Young Cheoul Doo),김원호(Won Ho Kim),진재용(Jae Yong Chin),김형호(Hyeong Ho Kim),정상식(Sang Sig Cheong),박승정(Seung Jung Park),이종구(Jo 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.3
N/A Background: Detection of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormality with two dimensional echocardiography during ergonovine injection (Ergonovine Echocardiography: Erg Echo) is a useful noninvasive diagnostic method of coronary vasospasm, and as it can be used repeatedly, comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of the prescribed drugs for the patients with variant angina may be possible with this method. The purpose of this study were to compare the antispasmotic action of short-term medication of two currently available sustained-releasing (SR) calcium antagonists (Diltiazem vs Verapamil) with Erg Echo, to investigate the factors determining the drug efficacy and to determine if the results of repeated tests of Erg Echo after shortterm medication correlate with the clinical response. Methods: Forty patients with angiographicallyproven coronary vasospam and positive Erg Echo without medication were randomly assigned into group I and II. Diltiazem SR 90mg b.i,d. was prescribed in the patients of group l and Verapamil SR 120 mg b.i.d. in group II. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN, Elantan 20 mg b.i.d.) was commonly given in both groups. After medication of 4 days Erg Echo was repeated, and if follow up results were positive doubling of the dosage of prescribed calcium channel antagonists (i.e. Diltiazem SR 180 mg or Verapamil SR 240 mg b.i.d.) was done and the second follow up test of Erg Echo was performed after another 4 days. Clinical follow-up was done with the dosage of negative Erg Echo, and during 9 (±3) month follow-up period one patient of group I and two of group II were lost and final analysis was done with total 37 patients (19 in group I and 18 in group II). Results: Among 37 patients with variant angina, 32 were male and the mean age was 53 (±8). Sex ratio, mean age, body weight, clinical activity of variant angina assessed by the frquency of chest pain attack, number of spasm-documented coronary vessels, dosage of ergonovine for positive response in baseline Erg Echo and number of the patients with concomitant fixed coronary stenosis were not significantly different between both groups. After 4 day medication coronary vasospasm was not provoked with ergonovine injection in 13 patients of group I, and the positive rate of Erg Echo after medication was 32% (6/19) in group I, which was not significantly different from that (50%, 9/18) of group II (p=0.66). In 15 patients coronary vasospasm was provoked with ergonovine injection despite the medication, and ergonovine dose for positive response rose from 146±84 microgram (mcg) to 218±75 mcg with medication. Patients with 'mixed disease' (coronary vasospasm and concomitant fixed disease) showed higher positive result of Erg Echo after medication than the patients with pure spasm (p=0.001). During open label follow-up of 9±3 months, there was neither case of acute myocardial infarction nor that of sudden cardiac death. Recurrent chest pain with medication was observed in 6 patients of group I and 7 of group II (p=0.90), and recurrent chest pain during follow-up was more frequently observed in patients with positive Erg Echo after 4 day medication than those with negative test (p=0.01). In group II medication was modified to control the high activity of variant angina (chest pain attacks more than 5 per week) in 3 patients and verapamil SR was withdrawned in 4 patients due to side effects (2 cases of impotence, each case of constipation and peripheral edema), while there was no case of drug modification or withdrawl of diltiazem SR (p<0.05) in group I. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference of short term medication on prevention of coronary vasospasm provoked by ergonovine injection, during long term follow-up of variant angina, diltizem SR with ISMN was superior to verapamil SR with ISMN in control of chest pain and absence of side effects. Erg Echo after short term medication was useful in comparison of drug efficacy, investication of the fact
쇽 혹은 우심실부전을 보이는 중증 폐혈전색전증에서 혈전용해요법과 항응고요법의 효과
한송이 ( Song Yi Han ),송재관 ( Jae Kwan Song ),이상도 ( Sang Do Lee ),임채만 ( Chae Man Lim ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),박찬선 ( Chan Sun Park ),오연목 ( Yeon Mok Oh ),심태선 ( Tae Sun Shim ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ),김동순 ( Dong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2005 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.59 No.5
흉부(胸部) X선촬영(X線撮影)에 있어서 희토류증감지(稀土類增感紙) 사용(使用)에 따른 피폭선량(被曝線量) 경감(輕減)에 관한 검토(檢討)
허준,김창균,강홍석,이선숙,송재관,이상석,Huh, Joon,Kim, Chang-Kyun,Kang, Hong-Seok,Lee, Sun-Sook,Song, Jae-Kwan,Lee, Sang-Suk 대한방사선과학회 1981 방사선기술과학 Vol.4 No.1
In chest x-ray radiography, intensifying screen is used to the exposed dose of patients. Recently, newer materials-rere earth elements-are used in intensifying screen. Authors studied the aspects of chest x-ray radiogram and obtained the results that rare earth element intensifying screen did not harm in detail and could reduce the exposed dose of patient by 1/24 and below.
김민규(Min Kyu Kim),송재관(Jae Kwan Song),강덕현(Duk Hyun Kang),이재환(Jae Hwan Lee),조윤행(Yoon Haeng Cho),박경하(Kyoung Ha Park),고관호(Kwan Ho Ko),윤영진(Young Jin Yoon),김재중(Jae Joong Kim),박성욱(Seong Wook Park),박승정(Seung J 대한내과학회 2000 대한내과학회지 Vol.58 No.1
N/A Background : We sought to analyze the recent trends and clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis in Korea using newly proposed diagnostic criteria, Duke criteria, for this potentially life-threatening disease. Methods : Retrospective analysis of medical records including echocardiographic data, blood culture and operation records was done for 156 patients (male 103) with clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis at Asan Medical Center from 1989 to January 1998. Results : One hundred eighteen patients (75%) fulfilled the criteria for definite group (Group I) in Duke criteria, whereas 38 patients (25%) for possible group (Group II). Mean age was 48±16 years. Although valvular heart disease was the most common underlying heart disease (49/156, 31%), in more than half (84/156, 54%) infective endocarditis was the first clinical presentation without previous medical history of any cardiac disease. Surgical intervention was required in 69 patients (44%), and the frequency of surgery during hospital course did not show any difference in Group I versus Group II (44% vs. 45%). Overall mortality was 17%, and did not show any difference in Group I versus Group II. Surgical mortality was 12% (8/69), which was not significantly different form mortality with medical treatment (21%, 18/87). Among 98 survivors in Group I, 84 patients (86%) were followed for average 34±24 months (0.5∼98 months). Five-year survival and event-free survival rate were 85±7 % and 57±8 % respectively. Conclusion : Recently the mean age of patients with infective endocarditis increased dramatically, and infective endocarditis could be an initial clinical presentation without any previous medical history of cardiac disease in many patients. Surgical intervention was needed in considerable numbers of patients and infective endocarditis still shows relatively high mortality. There were no significant different clinical features in Group I and II.(Korean J Med 58:28-38, 2000)
U-형 접지면 상에 배치된 평판형 역 F 안테나 구조를 이용한 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능 개선
이정호(Jeong-Ho Lee),송재관(Jae-Kwan Song),육종관(Jong-Gwan Yook) 한국전자파학회 2010 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.21 No.1
본 논문에서는 GSM, DCS, PCS, WCDMA 대역을 지원하는 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능을 개선시키기 위한 PIFA(Planar Inverted-F Antenna) 구조와 접지면의 형태에 대해 연구하였다. 다중 공진을 유도하기 위해 안테나 방사체를 다수의 전류 경로를 가진 가지 구조로 설계한 후에 특정 방사체 아래쪽에 방사체와 유사한 모양의 접지면을 배치함으로써 안테나의 공진 특성과 방사 효율을 개선시켜 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능을 개선할 수 있는 설계 방법에 대해 제안한다. 실제 휴대폰 단말기를 통해 제안된 안테나와 접지면 구조에 대한 무선 성능을 측정한 결과, 적용 이전에 비해 GSM 대역의 TRP(Total Radiated Power)는 2.0 ㏈, TIS(Total Isotropic Sensitivity)는 3.7 ㏈ 향상되었으며, DCS 대역 TRP와 TIS는 각각 2.2 ㏈, 2.0 ㏈가 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 PCS 대역 TRP, TIS는 0.8 ㏈, 1.5 ㏈ 향상되었으며, WCDMA 대역 TRP, TIS는 1.3 ㏈, 0.7 ㏈ 향상되었다. In this paper, we propose antenna topology and ground plane shape to improve the performance of PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) which is built-in mobile phone. First, we designed the PIFA antenna consists of multiple radiators to provide multi-current paths. Then we designed U-shaped ground plane on the PCB under the antenna. The proposed antenna structure shows TRP/TIS improvement of 2.0 ㏈/3.7 ㏈ for GSM and 2.2 ㏈/ 2.0 ㏈ for DCS and 0.8 ㏈/1.5 ㏈ for PCS and 1.3 ㏈/0.7 ㏈ for WCDMA at the free space.