Feasibility Study of a Gadolinium-loaded DIN-based Liquid Scintillator

송숙형,주경광,소선행,여인성 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.5

DIN (di-isopropylnaphthalene) has a high flashpoint and can be used as a base solvent in liquid scintillators. It reduces safety concerns to humans and the environment. (PPO, 3 g/) and (bis-MSB, 30 mg/) were dissolved to formulate a DIN-based liquid scintillator (LS). A gadolinium (Gd)complex with carboxylic acid was synthesized using a neutralized chemical reaction. Then, 0.1% Gd was loaded into the LS. This Gd-loaded DIN-based LS using a solvent-solvent extraction method is the first attempt at a LS. In this study, we investigated the physical and the optical properties of this LS, and we will summarize all the characteristics of the Gd-loaded DIN-based LS.

가돌리늄이 0.5% 용해된 선형알킬벤젠 기반 액체섬광검출용액의 시간에 따른 농도와 물함량 측정

송숙형,주경광 한국물리학회 2013 새물리 Vol.63 No.9

Neutrinos can be detected using inverse beta decay (IBD) in a detecter filled with a liquid scintillator. Commonly, because neutrino experiments take a long time, the gadolinium concentration of a gadolinium (Gd)-loaded linear alkyl benzene (LAB)-based liquid scintillator must be stable. Also, if the water content in a liquid scintillator is high, the optical property of the liquid scintillator may change and contamination may easily occur. Therefore, the gadolinium concentration and the water content of the liquid scintillator should be optimized for the experiment. In this study, we the gadolinium concentration was measured by using EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) titration, and the water content was measured by using the Karl-Fischer titration method. 액체섬광검출용액 (LS, liquid scintillator)이 채워진 검출기에역베타붕괴 반응 (IBD, inverse beta decay)을 이용하면 중성미자를 검출할 수 있다. 일반적으로 중성미자 실험은 오랜 시간 동안 진행되기때문에, 가돌리늄 (Gd)이 용해된 선형알킬벤젠 (LAB, linear alkyl benzene) 기반 액체섬광검출용액의 가돌리늄 농도는 안정 해야 한다. 또한 액체섬광검출용액 안의 물함량이 높으면 물에 의해 용액의 광학적성질이 변하게 되고 오염 또한 쉽게 진행 될 수 있다. 그러므로액체섬광검출용액은 실험에 맞게 농도와 물함량을 최적화해야한다. 본연구에서는 EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) 적정법을이용하여 가돌리늄 농도를 측정 하였고, 물함량 측정은 칼피셔 수분적정(karl fischer titration) 방법을 사용하였다.

소아ㆍ청소년 성폭력 피해의 실태

송숙형(Sook-Hyung Song),김신형(Shin-Young Kim),정영기(Young-Ki Chung),신윤미(Yun-Mi Shin) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2008 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.19 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of children and adolescents who were victims of sexual assault in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 60 children and adolescents who visited the one-stop center as victims of sexual assault. The medical records of victims of sexual trauma were retrospectively reviewed. We studied the demographic data of the victims, their relationship to their perpetrator, the characteristics of the assault (frequency, duration, place, type), and the process from sexual assault to treatment. We also paid special attention to how the characteristics of the victims or perpetrators affected the characteristics of the assault or follow-up treatment. Results: There were several differences between sexual assaults committed by strangers and those committed by acquaintances. Sexual assaults committed by acquaintances lasted for a longer period of time than those committed by strangers. In addition, it took more time for victims of sexual assaults committed by acquaintances to seek treatment than those who were victims of sexual assaults committed by strangers. The majority (55.0%) of victims were between 10 and 15 years of age. Forty percent of the perpetrators were teenagers, and two of them were under the age of 10. Voluntary discontinuation of treatment was more frequent in adolescents than in children. Conclusion: All teenage victims of sexual assault need some sort of urgent intervention. In addition, approachable methods are needed in order to prevent sexual abuse by strangers or acquaintances.

The Relationship between Geriatric Depression Scale Structure and Cognitive-Behavioral Aspects in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

곽용태,송숙형,양영순 대한치매학회 2015 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.14 No.1

Background and PurposeAlthough the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) is a widely used depression screening questionnaire, the implications of the GDS15 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are questionable. We designed this study to explore the GDS15 factor structure and the relationships between these factors and cognitive-behavioral aspects. MethodsThe GDS15, cognitive function tests, and the Korean-Neuropsychiatry Inventory were administered to 310 patients with probable AD, who were not medicated before visiting the hospital. Three factors were identified by principal components analysis. A bivariate correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships between factors and neurocognitive and behavior symptoms. ResultsFactor 2 was correlated with the Korean Boston Naming Test, calculating ability, the go-no-go test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), the Color Word Stroop Test (CWST; words and color), aggression, depression, and apathy. Factor 3 was correlated with calculating ability, the Seoul Verbal Learning Test, immediate recall, copy, and delayed recall on the Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure Test, contrasting on the COWAT, and words and delusion on the CWST. We identified three factors and revealed that the GDS15 may be comprised of a heterogeneous scale. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the GDS15 may be comprised of a heterogeneous scale and suggest multi-dimensional properties of the GDS15 in patients with AD.

Development of a Gadolinium-loaded Liquid Scintillator for the Hanaro Short Baseline Prototype Detector

여인성,주경광,소선향,송숙형,김홍주,소정호,박강순,마경주,전은주,Jin Yu Kim,김영덕,Jason Lee,이정연,선광민 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.3

We propose a new experiment on the site of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)located at Daejeon, Korea. The Hanaro short baseline (SBL) nuclear reactor with a thermal poweroutput 30 MW is used to investigate a reactor neutrino anomaly. A Hanaro SBL prototype detectorhaving a 60-l volume has been constructed 6 m away from the reactor core. A gadolinium (Gd)-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) is used as an active material to trigger events. The selection of theLS is guided by physical and technical requirements, as well as safety considerations. A linearalkyl benzene (LAB) is used as a base solvent of the Hanaro SBL prototype detector. Three g/lof PPO and 30 mg/l of bis-MSB are dissolved to formulate the LAB-based LS. Then, a 0.5%gadolinium (Gd) complex with carboxylic acid is loaded into the LAB-based LS by using the liquidliquidextraction method. In this paper, we will summarize all the characteristics of the Gd-loadedLAB-based LS for the Hanaro prototype detector.

일 중학교의 사이버불링 피해자 및 가해자 관련 정신병리

조명진,이지원,성민제,송숙형,이영문,이제정,조선미,박미경,신윤미 대한신경정신의학회 2015 신경정신의학 Vol.54 No.2

Objectives ZZCyberbullying has recently become a major concern in Korea and especially poses a serious threat to adolescents. The object of this study is to examine the psychopathology of perpetrators and victims of cyberbullying. MethodsZZIn a cross-sectional study, 490 middle school students completed questionnaires on bullying and victimization experiences in cyberspace. Korean-Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was included to evaluate the psychopathology of the students. ResultsZZThe prevalence rates of victims and perpetrators of cyberbullying were 6.92% and 3.33%, respectively. Among 9 sub-scales of K-YSR, the scores of depressed/anxious (p=0.049), thought problems (p=0.002), and attention problems (p=0.039) were significantly different between victim, perpetrator, victim/perpetrator, and control group. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the victim group was associated with depressed/anxious [odds ratio (OR)=1.10], social immaturity (OR=1.24), thought problems (OR=1.32), and self-destructive identity problems (OR=1.16). The perpetrator group was associated with thought problems (OR=1.37) and attention problems (OR=1.21). The victim/perpetrator group was associated with delinquent behavior (OR=2.04). ConclusionZZMiddle school students involved in cyberbullying were associated with psychopathologies including depression, anxiety, thought problems, attention problems, and delinquent behaviors. The risk of cyberbullying is escalating with the rapid advancement in technology. Therefore, a comprehensive approach should be employed for prediction and prevention of cyberbullying in adolescents.

Development of a Gadolinium-loaded LAB_-based Aqueous Scintillator for Neutrino Detection

여인성,주경광,김봉근,소선행,송숙형 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1

A gadolinium (Gd) complex with carboxylic acid was synthesized by using a neutralization chemical reaction. Gd (0.5%) was doped into a liquid scintillator by using a solvent-solvent extraction under controlled pH. Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) was used as a scintillation solvent. We measured several important physical and optical properties. The preparation, the synthesis procedures and the characterization of the resulting gadolinium-loaded, LAB_-based, liquid scintillator are described in this paper.

Investigation of the Physical and the Optical Properties of Various Base Solvents for the Liquid Scintillator in a Neutrino Detector

소선행,주경광,김봉근,송숙형,여인성 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1

Various liquid scintillators are commonly used in neutrino experiments. If successful neutrino experiments are to be performed over several years, using stable solvents with the capability of mass production in the liquid scintillator is one of the key requirements. We investigate the various physical and optical properties, absorption, light transmission, light output, density, index of refraction, water content, etc., of the solvents used in neutrino detectors. In addition, safety for the environment and humans needs to be taken in consideration. In this paper, the preparation and the various characteristics of the solvents used for the liquid scintillator are summarized and reported.

한국형 성인 ADHD 평가척도 개발 연구

강태웅(Taewoong Kang),김재원(Jae-Won Kim),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn),송숙형(Sook Hyung Song),김준원(Junwon Kim),김지훈(Ji-Hoon Kim),김윤정(Yoon-Jung Kim),김의정(Eui-Jung Kim),김태호(Tae-Ho Kim),양수진(Su-Jin Yang),양재원(Jaewon Yang),이소영(S 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2015 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.26 No.4

Objectives:Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood may persist into adulthood. This study included the development and validation process of the Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS), which was developed for screening and monitoring treatment of adults with ADHD. Methods:Preliminary questionnaires of the K-AARS were based on the reviews of previous adult ADHD scales and clinical experiences of the board certified child and adolescent psychiatrists in Korea. For this study, 136 adults (18–50 years old) with inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity symptoms were enrolled as ADHD subjects, and compared with 406 control subjects (18–50 years old) without ADHD symptoms. Construct validity was examined using explorative factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha to obtain internal reliability coefficients. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparison with the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). Results:An explorative factor analysis showed that the K-AARS had 8 factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder, impairment, driving, emotional dysregulation, disorganization). K-AARS was highly reliable in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.77–0.95) and correlation between factors (0.57–0.86). Concurrent validity with the CAARS and discriminant validity were statistically significant. Conclusion:The K-AARS is a valid and reliable measure for assessment of Korean adults with ADHD.

자폐 스펙트럼 장애의 산전 및 주산기 합병증

남보라(Bo-Ra Nam),유희정(Hee-Jeong Yoo),조인희(In-Hee Cho),박태원(Tae-Won Park),손정우(Jung-Woo Son),정운선(Un-Sun Chung),신민섭(Min-Sup Shin),김붕년(Bung-Nyun Kim),김재원(Jae-Won Kim),양영희(Young-Hui Yang),강제욱(Je-Wook Kang),송숙형( 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2010 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to unaffected siblings (SIB) and typically developing children (TC). Methods:Subjects with ASD, their SIB, and TC were recruited. All subjects were assessed using both the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS) and were subsequently identified as affected or unaffected. Prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history was obtained from the primary caregivers and each facet was compared in those with ASD, the SIB, and the TC groups using SPSS ver. 17.0 (p<.05). Results:70 individuals with ASD (63 males, 87.94±37.8months), 53 SIB (27 males, 85.40±48.06 months), and 32 TC (19 males, 104.19±23.409 months) were analyzed. The ASD group showed significantly higher rates of insufficient vaccination as they aged age (χ²=15.54, p=.000). Among the scheduled vaccinations, the DPT vaccination (χ²=10.08, p=.006) was insufficient in ASD groups. The ASD group also showed higher rates of sleep disturbances from infancy. Differences in maternal/paternal age at conception, gestational age, and growth parameters at birth were not significantly difference among the three groups. Conclusion:These results do not support the previous controversies regarding the relationship between prenatal/perinatal complications and ASD. However, these results indicate that perinatal and prenatal factors may contribute to the development of ASD.