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철도건설사업 공사기간 연장에 따른 간접비 소송의 쟁점 고찰
송권,방이엽,정찬묵 한국철도학회 2018 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5
The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between issues in construction legal proceedings foroverhead compensation due to the extension of completion time and the tendency of court decisions; study was conductedto identify causes of increased legal proceedings for overhead compensation. For this, this study analyzed proceedingsthat occurred from the early 2000s to the present. As a result, the major issue of legal proceedings in the firstperiod was found to include whether the parties’ intentions were reflected at the time of signing the change contract andthe effect of the no-further-claims agreement on overhead compensation. In the second period, the major issue is a matterof whether the total contract is approved among continuous long-term contracts. It is found that, after the year 2012,when new issues on disputes coincidentally emerged, the number of proceedings has rapidly increased and the tendencyof court decisions has more strongly favored construction companies than procuring authorities. The analysis of courtjudgements shows that the court seems to give more favor to construction companies than to procuring authorities afterthe emergence of new issues; this is considered a cause of the legal proceeding increase.
3상 풀 브리지를 이용한 전류제어형 D급 스테레오 앰프
송권일,김창선 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 2000 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.10 No.-
This paper presents a simple class-D stereo amplifier using 3-phase full bridge circuit configura-tions which is controlled by a new current control switching method. Although this class-D amplifier has an only one current control loop with the proposed switching method, a good performance can be obtained. In this paper, a strategy for driving stereo signal amplifier with 3-phase full bridge is discussed. With the experimental results, usefulness of the proposed amplifier is confirmed.
김형석,전채홍,송권,권숙인 ( Hyung Seok Kim,C . H . Jeon,Gun Song,S . I . Kwun ) 한국열처리공학회 1997 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.10 No.1
Pure copper is widely used for base material for electrical and electronic parts because of its good electrical conductivity. However, it has such a low strength that various alloying elements are added to copper to increase its strength. Nevertheless, alloying elements which exist as solid solution elements in copper matrix severely reduce the electrical conductivity. The reduction of electrical conductivity can be minimized and the strengthening can be maximized by TMT(Thermo-Mechanical Treatment) in copper alloys. In this research, the effects of TMT on mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni-Al-Si-P, Cu-Ni-Al-Si-P-Zr and Cu-Ni-Si-P-Ti alloys aged at various temperatures were investigated. The Cu alloy with Ti showed the hardness of Hv 225, electrical conductivity of 59.8%IACS, tensile strength of 572MPa and elongation of 6.4%.
수퍼 2상 스테인리스강의 열처리 조건변화에 따른 첨가원소 질소의 거동
김형석,전채홍,송권,권숙인 ( Hyung Seok Kim,C . H . Jeon,Gun Song,S . I . Kwun ) 한국열처리공학회 1997 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.10 No.1
After changing the heat treating atmosphere of nitrogen gas, argon gas and vacuum, the nitrogen contents, microstructural changes, hardness and corrosion resistance of 0.25wt.%N alloyed super duplex stainless steel have been investigated in the temperature range from 1050℃ to 1350℃. The nitrogen content showed to be increased up to 0.36wt.% after heat treating the specimen in nitrogen gas at 1200℃, while the decrement of nitrogen content in vacuum atmosphere was shown down to 0.03wt.% at 1350℃. After heat treating in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen at 1250℃, the surface γ phase existed as α+γ phase increased with increasing nitrogen gas content. The γ single phase appeared at the surface above 80%N₂gas, while the surface α single phase was shown below 20%N₂gas. When heat treating the specimen in nitrogen gas at 1050℃, the hardness of austenite phases increased above Hv 40 at the surface layer compared to the hardness of the core parts, while decrement of denitriding effect caused to the hardness nearly unchanged between surface and the core parts after heat treating in vacuum atmosphere. The surface γ single phase specimen showed superior corrosion resistance than the surface α single phase specimen. The surface α phase existed in the α+γ microstructure showed higher corrosion resistance after heat treating in the nitrogen gas atmosphere than the a phase heat treated in the argon gas and vacuum atmosphere.
Lee, Hyeong-Mo,Hur, Bock,Kim, Hyeon-Cheol,Woo, Sung-Gwan,Kim, Kwang-Hoon,Son, Kon,Park, Jeong- Kil 대한치과보존학회 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.6
본 연구의 목적은 3차원유한요소분석법을 이용하여 정상 상악 제2소구치의 협측부의 응력분포에 다양한 교합응력이 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 상악 제2소구치의 3차원유한요소모델을 형성한 후 형성된 모델에 3종류의 정적인 500N 점하중의 응력조건을 부여하였다. ANSYS 프로그램 (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA)으로 최대주응력과 최소주응력을 4개의 수평면 상(CEJ 상방 1mm, CEJ 상방 0.5 mm, CEJ, CEJ 하방 0.5 mm)에서 분석하여 다음 결과를 얻었다. 1. peak stress가 협측 백악법랑경계를 따라 비대칭적인 모습으로 나타났다. 2.압축응력 값은 법랑질의 압축파괴응력 범위 내에 있었지만 인장응력은 법랑질의 인장파괴응력 범위를 넘어섰다. 3. 비우식성치경부병소를 발생시키는 주요인은 설측교두의 협측경사면에 가해지는 교합압에 의한 인장응력이라고 보여진다. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various occlusal loads on the stress distribu-tion of the buccal cervical region of a normal maxillary second premolar, using a three dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). After 3D FE modeling of maxillary second premolar, a static load of 500N of three load cases was applied. Stress analysis was performed using ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA). The maxi-mum principal stresses and minimum principal stresses were sampled at thirteen nodal points in the buc-cal cervical enamel for each four horizontal planes 1.0㎜ above CEJ, 0.5 ㎜ above CEJ, CEJ, 0.5 ㎜ under CEJ. The results were as follows 1. The peak stress was seen at the cervical enamel surface of the mesiobuccal line angle area, asymmetri-cally. 2. The values of compressive stresses were within the range of the failure stress of enamel. But the val-ues of tensile stresses exceeded the range of the failure stress of enamel. 3. The tensile stresses from the perpendicular load at the buccal incline of palatal cusp may be shown to be the primary etiological factors of the NCCLs.