정부간 관계에 관한 공무원 인식조사

서상아 한국행정연구원 2008 기본연구과제 Vol.2008 No.-

정부간 관계에 관한 공무원 인식조사는 중앙정부와 지방정부간의 관계에 관한 공무원들의 인식을 조사하여 축적함으로써 정부정책수립 및 학문적 연구에 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적을 둔 종단설문조사이다. 2008년 정부간 관계에 관한 공무원 인식조사는 우리나라 중앙부처와 광역자치단체 및 기초자치단체간의 관계에 관한 전반적 인식, 과거 조사결과와의 비교를 통한 추이분석, 그리고 분야별요인들과 권력/비권력 요인들과의 영향관계분석을 주요내용으로 하고 있다. 이번 정부간 관계에 관한 공무원 인식조사에서 제기된 주요 결과들을 제시하면, 우선, 정부간 관계에 관한 종합적 인식은 과거 어느 때 보다도 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 정부간 관계가 협력적이라는 응답률은 아직도 38.5%로 낮은 상태여서 향후 지속적으로 개선될 필요성을 제기하고 있다. 둘째, 중앙정부의 공무원과 지방정부의 공무원간의 접촉이 한달에 1회 이하라는 응답이 60%이상으로 나오고 있어 중앙정부와 지방정부간의 교류가 매우 낮은 상태인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 공무원 역량, 정부기능이양, 지방재정조정제도를 비롯한 재정분야의 정부간 관계 등 많은 부분에서 중앙정부 공무원과 지방정부 공무원은 인식에 차이를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정부간 관계에 대한 영향관계를 분석함에 있어서는 재정적 측면이 긍정적 영향관계를, 권력적 측면이 부정적 영향관계를 나타내 협력적 정부간 관계를 위해서는 재정적 측면을 강화하고, 권력적 측면을 축소하는 방향으로 정책형성이 이루어져야 함을 시사하고 있다. 2008년 정부간관계에 관한 공무원인식조사에서 두드러지게 나타난 문제점인 중앙정부 공무원과 지방정부 공무원간의 낮은 교류와 인식차를 해결하고 보다 협력적인 정부간 관계형성을 위한 방안으로서 본 조사는 중앙정부와 지방정부간의 수직적 순환보직제를 제시하였다. 실제로 80%이상의 응답자들이 중앙정부와 지방정부간의 인사교류 확대에 찬성하고 있는 것으로 나타나 정책실효성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. A Survey of Public Employee`s Perception on Intergovernmental Relations(IGR) is a survey research which has a purpose to collect the data about the Intergovernmental Relations(IGR) for policy decision and academic research. This survey includes questions about the general, functional and financial relation and personnel interchange between central government and local government. The result of the survey illustrates many important points. First of all, the perception on IGR is improved continuously, but only 38.5% of the respondents said relationship is cooperative. It means that the IGR have to improved much more. With respect to the question about the relation in function, finance and personnel, there is perception gap between central government and local government employees. As a solution of this problem, I suggest the job rotation between central government and local government. Concerning the personnel exchange between central government and local government, more than 80% of respondents said that it is necessary. Therefore the job rotation can be a effective and convenient solution to remove the perception gap between central government and local government employees.

소 초유의 유효성분과 산업적 활용

서상아,서혜령,허영태,Seo, Sang-Ah,Seo, Hye-Ryoung,Heo, Young-Tae 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Bovine colostrum is necessary for newborn calves to survive, grow and receive immunity from their mother. Cows in Korea produce about 35kg of colostrum, 4Kg of which is fed to the calf, and the rest is discarded. The bovine colostrum causes the harmful side effects to human, such as allergies and digestive problems; so, it is prohibited by law to consume colostrum itself as a food. However, many scientific research data have suggested that components in the colostrum can improve human health and has the ability to help treat diseases. In line with the trend of food and pharmacy industries using natural product materials, which attract positive attention, recently, some ingredients in colostrum have been used in the production of food supplements, and it has been used in its raw form in some cosmetics. This review introduces the active ingredients and physiologically active substances contained in bovine colostrum, summarizes the efficacy of physiological enhancement of the colostrum, which has been proven by scientific methods to date, and also suggests the possibility of industrial applications of colostrum as an animal-derived natural material.

흰쥐 Tail Flick Reflex의 신경생리학적 기전

서상아(Seoh, Sang-Ah),김전(Kim, Jun) 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Although tail flick reflex (TFR) in rats has been used as a classic model of the nociceptive test to evaluate the action of analgesics, there have been few studies on the origin of the latent period of TFR. Present study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in latency of TFR by morphine in anesthetized rats. Tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were stimulated electrically and EMG activities were recorded from abductor caudae dorsalis muscle participating in tail flick reflex. In the case of noxious radiant heat stimulation to tail, the tail flick tension was recorded before and after administration of morphine. Then changes in latency and conduction velocity of peripheral nerve were evaluated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The latencies of TFR evoked by the electrical stimulation of tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were all within 40 ms and were elongated by several milliseconds from control after the administration of morphine. Peripheral conduction velocities of tail flick afferent nerve were within the range of 10-25 m/s. 2) The conduction velocity of peripheral nerve was significantly reduced after morphine administration, therefore the afferent time (utilization time+conduction time to spinal cord) was significantly increased. But the time for central delay and efferent time was not affected by morphine. 3) The conduction velocity under room temperature (20-25℃) was significantly reduced after morphine while that under vasodilation state (40 ~ 42℃) increased, 30 min and 45 min after morphine. The conduction velocity under vasodilation state without treatment of morphine increased continuously 4) The latency in tension response of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation was elongated by several milliseconds from control while the latency evoked by noxious radiant heat was elongated by several seconds compared with that of control. From the above results, it could be concluded that: 1) the increased latency of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation of the tail after morphine administration was due to the reducton in conduction velocity of peripheral nerve, which was the secondry effect of morphine on the peripheral vasomotion and 2) increased latency of TFR evoked by noxious radiant heat was also due to the same effect of morphine and the increase in cutaneous insulation to the noxious heat.

분산 네트워크에서 단말 간 동기화를 위한 신뢰도 기반의 적응적 컨센서스 알고리즘

서상아(Sangah Seo),윤상석(Sangseok Yun),하정석(Jeongseok Ha) 한국통신학회 2017 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.42 No.3

공격에 강인한 컨센서스 기반 분산 동기 알고리즘에 관한 연구

서상아(Sangah Seo),윤상석(Sangseok Yun),하정석(Jeongseok Ha) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

고양이 척수 전근내 감각신경 자극으로 유발된 승압반응의 생리학적 특성

김전,서상아,성호경 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Properties of the Arterial Pressor Response Induced by Stimulation of the Ventral Root Afferent Fibers in the Cat

김전,서상아,성호경,Kim, Jun,Seoh, Sang-Ah,Sung, Ho-Kyung The Korean Physiological Society 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.1

척수 전근내 구심신경의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 고양이에서 L7 척수 전근을 전기자극하여 유발되는 동맥혈압의 변동을 관찰하였다. morphine을 정맥내 혹은 직접 척수에 투여하여 그 효과를 관찰하였으며 척수에 부분적인 손상을 가하여 척수 전근의 구심정보가 척수의 어느 부위를 통하여 중추로 올라가 승압반응을 유발하는지를 결정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 척수전근을 C-강도, 높은 빈도로 자극하면 현저한 승압반응을 유발하였으며 낮은 빈도로 자극할 때에는 피부 혹은 근육감각신경을 자극할 때 보이는 감압반응이 유발되지 않았다. 2. 경수부위를 절단하였을 경우 승압반응이 소실되어 승압반응이 전적으로 척수 상부구조를 통하여 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 3. 승압 반응의 척수내 상행경로는 척수의 dorsolateral funiculus에 양측성으로 존재하였다. 4. 정맥내로 주사한 morphine은 척수 전근내 구심섬유가 자극되어 유발되는 승압반응을 강화시켰으나 척수에 직접 투여한 morphine은 승압반응을 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 척수 전근내에 존재하는 구심성 섬유들은 기능적으로 근육 감각신경 중에 승압반응을 유발하는 C-섬유와 유사한 성질을 갖는다고 사료된다. In an attempt to characterize the ventral root afferent fibers, arterial blood pressure responses to stimulation of the ventral root (VR) were observed in anesthetized cats. Effects of the morphine administered either intravenously or direct spinally and of the spinal lesions on the pressor responses were compared. Followings are the results obtained. 1) Stimulation of the VR with C-strength, high frequency stimuli evoked a marked pressor response. No depressor response, which had been reported during peripheral nerve stimulation, was observed during VR stimulation with low frequency. 2) Acute cervical spinalization abolished the pressor response, indicating the involvement of supraspinal mechanism. 3) The ascending spinal pathways of the pressor response were located in the dorsolateral funiculus bilaterally. 4) Intravenously administered morphine exaggerated the pressor response to VR stimulation, while direct spinally administered morphine suppressed it. From the above results it was concluded that the ventral root afferent fibers have more similar properties to muscular C-afferent fibers than to cutaneous C-fibers.

고양이에서 근육감각신경 활성화로 유발된 승압반사

김전,서상아,성호경 대한생리학회 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.2

소아 청소년의 비만과 치아우식증의 관계에 대한 논문 고찰

이다인,한지인,서상아,이민지,전다정,황수정,Lee, Dain,Han, Jiin,Seo, Sangah,Lee, Minji,Jeon, Dajeong,Hwang, Soo jeong 대한치과위생학회한국치위생과학회 2021 대한치위생과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children and adolescents. This study was analyzed by searching the following words in Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.co.kr), Kiss (kiss.kstudy.com), KCI (www.kci.go.kr), and RISS (riss.kr): "pediatric," "juvenile," "obesity," and "dental caries." A total of 19 Korean and 10 foreign studies out of 107 studies were selected after excluding the studies based on the exclusion criteria. When evaluating the relationship between childhood and adolescent obesity and dental caries, 16 out of 29 articles (55.2%) indicated a significant relationship, and 2 (6.9%) indicated different results based on sex, while 13 articles (44.8%) showed no significant relationship between obesity and dental caries. Among the significant studies, a total of 10 (34.5%) showed that the number of dental caries increased according to an increase in obesity, i.e., from normal to overweight to obese. A total of 5 studies (17.2%) reported that the number of dental caries increased in underweight individuals compared to those of normal weight, or decreased according to an increase in obesity, while 1 study (3.4%) indicated that the number of dental caries increased in both the underweight and obese groups compared to the normal weight group. Therefore, studies on the relationship between dental caries and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents have not shown a certain trend.

일개 농촌지역의 주민이병실태에 관한 조사 : 경기도 남양주군 수동면 Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang-Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do

강호경,김유희,서상아,조원식 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1984 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.16

A study on the morbidity status in a Korean rural community, Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang Ju Gun, Kyung Gi Do was carried out from January 5, to 31, 1984 through analizing the medial records of Su-Dong Myun Health Subcenter during the period of January, to December, 1982 and the following results were obtained. 1) Population of Su-Dong Myun was 5,265 composed of 2,660 male and 2,605 female and the sex ratio was 102.2. 2) Population type of Su-Dong Myun was gourd type and depedency rate of Su-Dong Myun population was 60.8%. 3) The number of new patients visited to Su-Dong Myun Health Subcenter was 3,207 composed of 52.5% male, and 47.5% female during the year of 1982. 4) Annual morbidity rate in total was 609.1 per 1,000 population and 632.7 for male and 585.0 for female, and the highest age specific morbidity rate was 2,408.7 per 1,000 in the age group of 0-4 and the lowest was 238.3 per 1,000 in age the group of 15-19. 5) The order of five major diseases wese Diseases of the Respiratory System (33.9%), Diseases of Digestive System (20.2%), Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (13.6%), Accidents. Poisoning. Violence (11.4%), and Diesases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs (8.4%). 6) The average visiting times of out patients in the Health Sub-Center was 1.8 per case. The range of average visiting times of diseases was 1.0 to 2.9. 7) The annual inhabitant utility rate of by Rie the Health Sub-Center was 609.1 per 1,000 population, and the highest rate was shown in Ribsuck 3 Rie (895.0), and the lowest in Nebang 2 Rie (215.3). 8) The monthly distribution of out patients visited to Su-Dong Myun Health Sub-Center was shown the highest rate in July (65.3 per 1,000 population) and the lowest in January (28.5). 9) The proportion of medical fee of patients visited to Health Sub-Center by sources were 78.2% of patients was paid by Su-Dong Myun Community Health Development Association and patient self, 14.8% by Government Medicaid Program, and 13.2% by Medical Insurance. 10) Average medial fee per first visiting was 2,690 + 4,446(\) and average medical fee per case was 4,210 ± 3,886 (\).