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      • Metal-dimethylglyoxime의 분자구조에 관한 연구

        변재만 漢陽大學校 大學院 院友會 1988 杏堂論集 Vol.3 No.-

        Ni-dimethylglyoxime 과 Pd-dimethylglyoxime 의 전자 구조 및 분자 구조를 논의하기 위하여 반 경험적 CNDO/2-U 방법을 이용하여 MO를 계산하였고 bond energy와 population analysis 를 통해서 ligand dimethylglyoxime 이 중심금속 Ni 및 Pd 과의 결합시 4-coordination 에서 Godycki 와 Williams 등의 제안에 따라 square planar environment 를 갖는가 또는 tetrahedral environment 를 갖는가 계산하였고 각 geometry 에 따라 M-dimethylglyoxime 결합의 특성을 논의 하였다. 그 결과 D₂?? M-dimethylglyoxime이 안정된 구조를 가지며 실험결과와 일치하였다. The semiempirical Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap (CNDO/2-U) Method is applied to calculate electronic structures and molecular geometries of palladium-dimethylglyoxime and nickel-dimethylglyoxime. Bond energies and bond populations are calculated to discuss whether M-dimethylglyoximes(M=Pd,Ni) have the square planar environment or the tetrahedral environment in 4-coordination and to find out the bonding nature between the ligand dimethylglyoxime and central atoms such as Pd and Ni. The results are consistent with the experimental ones that the ligand dimethylglyoxime coordinates to the central metal (M=Pd,Ni) in a plane of M-dimethylglyoxime. Thus, M-dimethylglyoxime is found to be the most stable in D₂?? symmetry.

      • KCI등재

        보편적서비스 지원제도 비교연구

        변재호(Jae Ho Byun) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.5B

        1983년 미국에서 보편적서비스 지원을 위한 기금제도(USF: Universal Service Fund)가 도입된 이래 각국 정부는 저렴한 요금으로 모든 국민들이 기본적인 통신서비스를 제공받을 수 있도록 보편적서비스 지원제도를 운영하고 있다. 국내에서도 2000년 이래 보편적서비스 지원제도가 도입되었고, 최근에 제도개선논의가 활발히 전개되고 있다. 본고에서는 주요국의 보편적서비스 손실금 지원제도를 비교분석하고 국내 제도 개선시 시사점을 찾아보고자 한다. The decision of the USA to found the USF(Universal Service Fund) in 1983, which was aiming to support basic telecommunication services provision at affordable price in rural and high cost areas, has triggered many countries to introduce universal service support mechanisms. Korea has been also operating a universal service support mechanism since 2000 but there are lively controversies on the change of the existing support mechanism. This paper, first, will review universal service support mechanisms in major countries including USA, EU, Chile, Peru and Japan. Second, this paper will classify types of the mechanisms and review merits and demerits of the mechanisms. Finally, this paper will derive some implications for the improvement of domestic Mechanism.

      • KCI등재

        운동참여율이 노인의 등속성 슬관절·요부관절 근기능에 미치는 효과

        변재종(Jae Jong Byun),김차용(Cha Yong Kim),이창규(Chang Kyu Lee),지용석(Yong Seok Jee) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.16 No.-

        This study was designed to investigate the effect of exercise participation on isokinetic knee or lumbar muscular functions of the older adults in nursing home. The subjects for this study were seventy two(male: 25, female: 47) healthy elderly people who were the members of seniors` tower in song-do hospital, didn`t have any problems in participating in this study exercise program. The subjects were divided into four groups: Group I participated in exercise program daily(N=19), GroupII participated in exercise program 2 or 3 times a week(N=19), GroupIII participated in exercise program once a week(N=19) and GroupIV never participated in exercise program(N=15). Three groups have been trained for 24weeks. The exercise program for three groups was made up of warm-up, work-out, and cool-down. Stretching was performed every ten minutes for the prevention of injuries which could occur during the main exercise and quick recovery of the used muscle. Aerobic training was performed for 20-40 minute respectively using the treadmill and cycle ergometer at the intensity of 60% VO_2max. The resistance weight training was performed 10times repeatedly(12-15RM) by 2sets using the leg press, leg extension, leg curl, back extension, abdominal flexion, and torso. One repetition maximum(1RM) of each person was measured prior to the training performance. All the measured data were represented by mean and standard deviation using version 6.12 SAS package. The 1st statistical techniques for data analysis were three way ANOVA with repeated measure to analyze the difference among groups, sexes, and time(pre & post exercise). And then we performed paired t-test for examing the difference among groups about the variables which showed the difference. The 2nd statistical techniques for data analysis were one way ANOVA to determine the difference among groups. The 3rd statistical techniques for data analysis were Scheffe post-hoc method to determine the difference among groups. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. The following results were obtained from this study. 1) In the knee joint muscular function, the flexion and extension peak torque of Group I and Group II were significantly increased than the other two groups after participating in exercise program. In the sheffe`s post-hoc result, the flexion and extension peak torque of Group I were significantly increased than GroupIV. 2) In the lumbar muscular function, the flexion peak torque of GroupII was significantly increased than the other three groups after participating in the exercise program. The extension peak torque of Group I and Group II were significantly increased than the other two groups after participating in the exercise program. In conclusion, the noticeable results in this study were that the muscular functions of knee joint and lumbar extension of Group I (daily exercise group) were greater increased than the other three groups. The muscular functions of lumbar flexion of Group II were greater increased than the other three groups.

      • 미국의 통신요금 감면 제도 개편 동향

        변재,조은진,Byun, J.H.,Cho, E.J. 한국전자통신연구원 2022 전자통신동향분석 Vol.37 No.4

        The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly changed the Lifeline Program, a telecommunications rate discount program for low-income Americans. As the reliance on online activities such as remote work, distance education, and online shopping grows because of the spread of COVID-19, there is a concern that the digital divide will widen among low-income households that struggle to access internet infrastructure due to the burden of access rates. Accordingly, the US Congress passed a bill to help lower the internet bill for low-income households using the government budget to close the digital divide. The Lifeline Program, which is a part of the universal service obligation, has been in charge of the telecommunications rate discount for low-income households. However, according to the new law, the internet rate discount program based on the government budget was implemented beginning in 2021. As the internet rate discount based on the government budget begins, the US telecommunication rate discount system is transitioning from a system in which telecommunication industry support was borne by operators to one in which public support from the government budget will play a significant role. In this paper, we will look at recent changes in the US telecommunications rate discount program and their implications.

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