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사회복지시설 근무 간호사의 실태조사 및 역할 활성화 방안
박은숙,임지영,Park, Eun-Suk,Park, Yeong-Ju,Im, Ji-Yeong 대한간호협회 2004 대한간호 Vol.43 No.1
산업화와 도시화로 인해 사회와 가족이 구조적으로 다양화됨에 따라 여러 가지 사회 문제가 발생하고 있다. 그 중 빈곤, 질병, 그리고 가족제도의 해체 등과 같은 문제들은 이를 부양해야할 사회적 역할과 책임의 증대를 가져왔다.<중략>
일개 대학병원 신경외과중환자실에서 Clostridium difficile 관련 설사 감소를 위한 CQI활동
박은숙,장경희,윤영옥,이정신,김태곤,여한승,김선호,신정원,이경원,김준명,Park, Eun Suk,Chang, Kyung Hee,Youn, Young Ok,Lee, Jung Sin,Kim, Tae Gon,Yea, Han Seung,Kim, Sun Ho,Shin, Jeong Won,Lee, Kyungwon,Kim, June Myung 한국의료질향상학회 2001 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Background : The Clostridium difficile is the most important identifiable cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea and colitis, which lengthens hospital stay. Recently incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in an university hospital, and an intervention for prevention and control of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) was in prompt need. Methods : Subjects were the patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit(NCU) where C. difficile was most frequently isolated. To increase participation of various departments, we used the CQI method, because management of CDAD requires a wholistic approach including control of antibiotics, barrier precaution and environmental cleaning and disinfection. Duration of the CQI activities was 9 months from April to December 1999. Results : The identified problems were misuse and overuse of antibiotics, lack of consciousness of medical personnels and the possibility of transmission from the contaminated environment and tube feeding. Education for proper use of antibiotics and management of C. difficile infection, use of precaution stickers, supplement of handwashing equipments, emphasis on environmental disinfection, and the change of the process of tube feeding were done. The CDAD rate in NCU was significantly decreased after the CQI program (8.6 case per 1,000 patient days from January to April 1999 vs 4.8 from May to December 1999). The distribution of neurosurgical wards including NCU among the total number of isolated C. difficile from the clinical specimens dropped from 49.4% in January to April to 33,7% in May to December. The average hospital stay of the neurosurgical department changed from 19.6 days to 15.2 days. Also, the effect of the CQI activities for C. difficile may have affected the incidence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Duration and dosage of certain antibiotics used in the NS department were decreased. The distribution of neurosurgical department in the number of VRE isolated patients declined from 18.4% to 11.1%. Conclusion : Infection control of resistant organisms such as C. difficile is likely to be successful when management of environmental contamination an collaborative efforts of decreasing the patients' risk factors such as antibiotics management and decreasing the length of hospital stay come simultaneously. For this work, related departments need to actively participate in the entire process under a common target through discussions for identifying problems and bringing up solutions. In this respect, making use of a CQI team is an efficient method of infection control for gathering participation and cooperation of related departments.
JPEG 영상의 저작권 보호를 위한 Digital Watermarking 알고리즘
박은숙,우종원,이석희,허윤석,조기형,Park, Eun-Suk,Woo, Jong-Won,Lee, Seok-Hee,Heo, Yoon-Seok,Cho, Ki-Hyung 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.1
In this paper, we propose the method of embedding the encrypted digital watermark in quantization coefficient when we encode the image data in the process of JPEC. The proposed method is as following. After a DCT coefficient of each block is quantized, we arrange the quantization coefficient as on dimension with a zigzag scan and replace each block. By applying even-odd feature of frequency of the encrypted watermark to a quantization coefficient of some fixed domain of replaced each block and embedding it, we obtain the compressed image data by encoding after placing it in the order prior to replacement. The advantages of the proposed method here are as follows: We can embed many information keeping a secret as much as possible by using the algorithm of block replacement. We can control the amount of embedding of each use, as we embed the encrypted information by selecting some fixed domain of a quantization coefficient, we can fix the embedding data regardless of the image and the value of quantization. We verified the results by experiments and analyzed the efficiency of them in comparison with the former study. 본 논문에서는 암호화된 디지털 워터마크를 JPEG 부호화 과정 중 양자화 계수에 합성하는 디지털 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 워터마킹 방법은 다음과 같다. 먼저 각 블록의 DCT 계수를 양자화 한 후 지그재그 스캔으로 양자화 계수를 1차원으로 배열하여 각 블록을 치환한다. 치환된 각 블록의 일정 영역의 양자화 계수에 암호화된 워터마크를 주파수의 우기성을 적용, 합성한다. 합성이 끝난 후 치환되기 전 순서로 다시 복원하여 부호화 과정을 거쳐 압축된 영상데이터를 얻는다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방식은 합성 전 블록 치환 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 보안을 최대한 유지하면서 많은 정보를 합성할 수 있다. 또한 양자화 계수의 일정 영역을 선택하여 암호화된 정보를 합성하기 때문에 용도에 따른 합성량을 조절 할 수가 있고, 영상 및 양자화 값과 상관없이 합성 데이터를 고정시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해서 그 결과를 검증하고 기존 연구와의 비교 및 그에 따른 성능을 분석하였다.