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작업자가 포함된 생산 시스템의 디지털 트윈 구축을 위한 인공지능 기반 인간 행동 분석 연구
박수형,정해권,박영희,김남훈 한국CDE학회 2022 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.1
Recent improvements of manufacturing processes and technologies have led to a work-space where industrial robots and engineers cooperate to execute manufacturing tasks. Consequently, the role of human workers has become more crucial, and clear understandings of their behav- iors are required. Yet, related studies are lacking, especially in the term of building digital twins. This paper presents an innovative method to investigate human workers in manufacturing sys- tems by collecting data through a human-in-the-loop (HITL) experiment based on virtual reality (VR) technology and analyzing using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. First, a HITL exper- iment was designed and performed in a VR environment with a simple manufacturing task to collect behavior data of participants: hand behaviors, time consumed, and failures. To see if data collected could discriminate participants, multiple machine learning (ML) models were trained using the hand behaviors’ data. Most ML models showed an accuracy over 90%. In addition, an agent is modeled using the remaining data as inputs. The overall relationship between the physi- cal capabilities and the system was confirmed from the simulation results. The findings show the feasibility of applying AI and VR based HITL to examine human workers and extending it to develop realistic digital twins of the manufacturing systems.
국내 6개 폐수처리시설 유입수 및 방류수의 COD와 TOC 비교
박수형,이채영,김극태,김현우,이원태 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회지 Vol.44 No.5
Objectives:This study compared the CODMn and TOC concentrations of the influent and effluent from six industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the wastewater from manufacturing facilities in the industrial complexes, and to understand the correlation between the two indicators. Methods:The sampling campaigns were performed four times at each WWTP for both influent and effluent. Water quality surveys were also conducted to assess the characteristics of organic matter in the wastewater from the manufacturing facilities. A total of 272 facilities including manufacturing, non-manufacturing, and miscellaneous manufacturing units were surveyed. Results and Discussion:The CODMn/TOC ratios of the influent and the effluent of the WWTPs ranged from 0.78 to 1.79 (average 1.19) and 0.94 to 1.58 (average 1.20), respectively. The ratio of CODMn/TOC ratio in the wastewater from the manufacturing facilities was 1.06~1.22 (average 1.12). Industries with high R2 values for the CODMn/TOC ratios included rubber and plastics manufacturing (CODMn/TOC=1.17), nonferrous metals manufacturing (CODMn/TOC=0.94), medical materials and pharmaceutical manufacturing (CODMn/TOC=0.98), and chemicals manufacturing (CODMn/TOC=1.27). Conclusion:CODMn/TOC ratios of the influent and effluent of the six plants and the wastewater from manufacturing facilities varied in different ranges for each WWTP, with an average value of 1.12. The results of this study can be used as basic information to manage the effluent water quality of the WWTPs. 목적:본 연구는 국내 6개 폐수처리시설의 유입수/방류수와 배출업체 폐수의 화학적산소요구량(CODMn)과 총유기탄소(TOC) 농도를 비교하고 두 지표 간 상관성을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 방법:폐수처리시설 6개소의 유입수 및 방류수의 유기물 특성을 분석하기 위해 수질 모니터링을 4회 실시하였고, 각 폐수처리시설로 유입되는 배출업체 폐수의 유기물 특성을 파악하기 위해 현장조사도 병행하였다. 조사대상 배출업체는 272개소이었고, 주요 업종은 제조업, 비제조업, 기타직종 등 16개 업종을 포함하였다. 결과 및 토의:조사대상 폐수처리시설 유입수와 방류수의 CODMn/TOC 농도비는 각각 0.78~1.79(평균 1.19), 0.94~1.58(평균 1.20) 범위이었고, 배출업체 폐수의 CODMn/TOC 농도비는 1.06~1.22(평균 1.12)이었다. 업종별 CODMn/TOC 비에 대한 결정계수가 높은 업종은 고무 및 플라스틱 제품 제조업(CODMn/TOC=1.17), 비금속 광물제품 제조업(CODMn/TOC=0.94), 의료용 물질 및 의약품 제조업(CODMn/TOC=0.98), 화학물질 및 화학제품 제조업(CODMn/TOC=1.27) 등 이었다. 결론:조사대상 6개 폐수처리시설의 유입수 및 방류수와 배출업체 폐수의 CODMn와 TOC 농도비는 폐수처리장별로 다양한 범위를 보였으나, 전체 조사대상 사업장의 CODMn/TOC 평균 농도비가 1.12로 나타나 향후 폐수처리시설에서 수질관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이다.
박수형,Y. H. Yu,김창주,성상경,K. H. Jin 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.4
The law of energy conservation is used in the quadrupole term of the Lighthil acoustic analogy formulation and the Ffowcs Wiliams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation in order to examine the contribution from shock waves on a body arbitrarily moving in a transonic range to the far-field acoustics. The volume integral of the generalized stres tensors in the FW-H equation is expanded to surface integrals, including a moving body and shock surfaces on the body in order to examine the effect of shock surfaces on a body moving in a transonic range to the acoustic far field. The shock appears as a source of entropy, but the effect of the shock surfaces may be negligible in sound generation.
라벨링과 레벨세트 이론을 이용한 양방향 곡선 전개 형태 추출
박수형,하진일,주동현,염동훈,김두영 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2002 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.9 No.2
In this paper, We propose the method of initial curve creation in levelset evolution for the edge of objects or the shape extractions. The shape of traditional initial curve is including edge. But we improve the speed of processing to draw many initial curve using special parameter which was solved by binary processing and sequence labeling. In particular, it is necessary to efficiently reduce noise, we use anisotropic diffusion filter. This filter is to reduce blurring that is the fault of traditional filter processing and to preserver an accurate edge part. The levelset method using inward and outward evolution extracts the edge of object drawn initial curve, it performs to calculate shrinking and expanding at the same time.