Living Building Challenge의 하수처리시스템에 대한 미생물 연료전지의 응용

이채영,한선기,Lee, Chae-Young,Liu, Hong,Han, Sun-Kee 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to the wastewater treatment systems employed in the Living Building Challenge. Methods: I reviewed a range of information on decentralized wastewater treatment technologies such as composting toilets, constructed wetlands, recirculating biofilters, membrane bioreactors, and MFCs. Results: The Living Building Challenge is a set of standards to make buildings more eco-friendly using renewable resources and self-treating water systems. Although there are various decentralized wastewater treatment technologies available, MFCs have been considered an attractive future option for a decentralized system as used in the Living Building Challenge. MFCs can directly convert substrate energy to electricity with high conversion efficiency at ambient and even at low temperatures. MFCs do not require energy input for aeration if using open-air cathodes. Moreover, MFCs have the potential for widespread application in locations lacking water and electrical infrastructure Conclusions: This paper demonstrated the feasibility of MFCs as a novel decentralized wastewater treatment system employed in the Living Building Challenge.

음식물류폐기물폐수의 혐기성 소화에서 바이오가스의 실록산 농도 특성

이채영,이세욱,박수희,허광범,김해룡,이남훈 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.4

Siloxane is an organic silicon compound and is volatilized into the bio gas from anaerobic digestion. It causes failure of gas combustion engines using the bio gas. Siloxane emission characteristics should be identified to provide a proper siloxane control. This study focuses on characterizing siloxane emission in bio gas from an anaerobic digester of food wastewater operating from January to March. The concentrations of total average siloxane and cycle-siloxane D4 were detected to be 9.5 and 4.0 mg siloxane/㎥, respectively. The concentrations of cycle-siloxane and linear-siloxane were resulted in D4>D5>D6 and L4>L3>L5>L2, respectively. The total siloxane concentration was the lowest in January and the highest in March. 실록산은 유기규소화합물로서 혐기성소화조에서 생산되는 바이오가스로 휘발되며, 이러한 실록산은 바이오가스로 이용되는 가스 연소 엔진 고장의 원인이 된다. 따라서, 바이오가스 내의 실록산을 저감시킬 수 있는 방안이 필요하며 우선적으로 실록산의 발생특성에 대한 조사가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 음식물류폐기물폐수의 혐기성소화조에서 발생되는 바이오가스에 함유되어 있는 실록산의 농도 특성을 조사하였다. 총 실록산의 농도는 평균적으로 9.5 mg siloxane/㎥로 나타났으며, 고리 구조 D4의 실록산 농도는 4.0 mg siloxane/㎥로 가장 높게 나타났다. 고리구조 및 선형구조 실록산의 농도는 각각D4>D5>D6 및 L4>L3>L5>L2의 순서로 나타났다. 1월 2월 및 3월의 실록산 농도 측정 결과에서 1월의 총 실록산 농도가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 3월의 총 실록산 농도가 가장 높게 나타났다.

음식폐기물의 혐기성 수소 발효시 운전 pH의 영향

이채영,이세욱 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.3

혐기성 수소 발효시 pH는 물질 대사 경로와 수소 생성 미생물의 활성에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 음식폐기물로부터 운전 pH에 따른 혐기성 회분식 수소 발효의 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 5 N KOH 용액을 이용하여 초기 pH는 8.0으로 고정하였으며, 운전 pH는 4.7~7.0으로 유지하였다. 운전 pH가 낮을수록 지체 시간은 단축되는 것으로 나타났으며, 최대 수소 발생량은 낮게 나타났다. 운전 pH 4.7일 경우에는 지체 시간이 47.9 h으로 가장 길게 나타났으나, 최대 수소 발생량은 534.4 mL로 가장 높게 나타났다. 운전 pH가 증가함에 따라 지체시간과 최대 수소 발생량은 감소하였다. 운전 pH 7.0일 경우에는 지체 시간이 4.2 h으로 나타났으며, 최대 수소 발생량은 213.8 mL로 나타났다. The pH is one of the most important factors affecting metabolism pathway and activity of hydrogen producing bacteria. The effect of operational pH on anaerobic hydrogen fermentation of food waste was evaluated at mesophilic condition. In this batch experiment, the initial pH was 8.0 and the operational pH was controlled at 4.7~7.0 by the addition of 5N KOH solutions. At the operational pH of 4.7, the lag phase and the maximum hydrogen production were 47.9h and 534.4 mL, respectively. The lag phase and the maximum hydrogen production were decreased as the operational pH increased. At the operational pH of 7.0, the lag phase and the maximum hydrogen production were 4.2 h and 213.8 mL, respectively.

[유기성 폐기물 처리 / 자원화] 혐기성 회분식 실험과 비선형 동력학적 해석을 통한 유기성 폐기물의 바이오가스 발생량 평가

이채영,유황룡,박승용,박인근,장영수,김민선 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2008 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1

Microbial community analysis of an eco-friendly recirculating aquaculture system for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using complex microbial probiotics

이채영,김하함,알핀이마뉴엘,김홍기,원성훈,배진호,배승철,고성철,Rhee, Chaeyoung,Kim, Haham,Emmanuel, S. Aalfin,Kim, Hong-Gi,Won, Seonghun,Bae, Jinho,Bai, Sungchul C.,Koh, Sung-Cheol The Microbiological Society of Korea 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary microbial probiotics on the growth and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), and the effects of the probiotic bioaugmentation on the microbial community structure and water quality. For the analysis, 80 juvenile fish (average weight, $25.7{\pm}7.6g$; average length, $15.2{\pm}1.7cm$) were fed a basal diet containing a commercial microbial product CES-AQ1 (CES; $1{\times}10^9\;CFU/kg$ diet) in an RAS for 8 weeks. Weight gain, the specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio of the fish fed the CES diet in the RAS were 1.5~2.5 times higher than those of fish fed the basal diet alone, or the basal diet containing oxytetracycline (OTC), yeast plus bacterium, or Bacillus subtilis in a still water system. There was no significant difference in the pathogen challenge test between fish fed the OTC diet and fish fed the CES diet in the RAS, suggesting the CES-AQ1 probiotic used in the RAS as a potential replacement for antibiotics. The RAS biofilter maintained the highest microbial diversity and appeared to harbor microbial communities with ammonium oxidation, denitrification, and fish pathogen suppression functions. Ammonia, which is hazardous to fish, was significantly decreased to < 0.5 mg/L in 19 days, indicating the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation to maintain good water quality in RAS. These results suggest that the intestinal microbial communities of fish are stabilized by a probiotic-containing diet (CES) and that bioaugmentation with probiotics may be an eco-friendly and economical supplement for aquaculture of olive flounder, promoting both good water quality and fish health in an RAS.

ABR과 ASBR 형태에 따른 혐기성 메탄 발효 운전 성능 평가

이채영,이세욱 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 혐기성 수소 발효 반응조의 유출수를 기질로 이용하여 anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) 및 anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) 형태에 따른 혐기성 메탄 발효 성능을 평가하였다. 두 개의 반응조는 유기물 부하율 1.0 kg COD/m3·d와 수리학적 체류시간 20일에서 운전을 수행하였다. ABR과 ASBR의 초기 운전 기간에서 메탄 발생량은 각각 0.04 L/L/d와 0.19 L/L/d로 나타났으며, ABR과 ASBR의 최대 메탄 발생량은 각각 0.25 L/L/d와 0.31 L/L/d로 나타났다. ABR과 ASBR의 초기 운전 기간에서 COD 제거율은 각각 89%와 92%로 나타났다. 정상 상태에 도달한 후에는 ABR과 ASBR의 COD 및 VS의 제거율은 각각 90% 이상 유지되었다. 비메탄 활성도는 미생물이 기질에 적응함에 따라 반응조에 상관없이 증가하였다. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of methane fermentation from effluent of hydrogen fermentation reactor in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). Two reactors were operated at organic loading rate of 1.0 kg COD/m3·d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 day. Methane production rates of ABR and ASBR for start-up periods were 0.04 L/L/d and 0.19 L/L/d, respectively, whereas maximum methane production rates of ABR and ASBR were 0.25 L/L/d and 0.31 L/L/d, respectively. Removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in ABR and ASBR for start-up periods were 89% and 92%, respectively. After startup periods, removal rates of COD and volatile solids (VS) in ABR and ASBR were maintained over 90%. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) increased as microorganism acclimated to the substrate.

음식폐기물의생물학적수소발효시열처리효과

이채영,박인근 유기성자원학회 2010 유기물자원화 Vol.18 No.1

Characteristic of hydrogen production was investigated to find the optimum heat pretreatmentconditions for the anaerobic fermentation of food waste. The heat pretreatment of food wasteenhanced the hydrogen yield due to the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) andcarbohydrate content. This result revealed that the maximum degrees of disintegration of SCODand carbohydrate content were 55.1% and 223.6%, respectively. On the other hand, theimprovement of hydrogen yield was insignificantly affected by heating reaction time at longerthan 20 min; the increase of hydrogen yield was only about 7% between 20min and 1 hour.Therefore, the increase of reaction time more than 20min was not necessary. 음식폐기물의혐기성발효시열적전처리의최적조건을도출하기위하여수소발생특성을평가하였다.음식폐기물의열적전처리의경우용해성화학적산소요구량(SCOD)과탄수화물함량을증가시켜수소수율을향상시키는것으로나타났다. 실험결과SCOD와탄수화물을기준으로한최대가용화효율은각각55.1%와223.6%로나타났다. 반응시간에따라전처리효과는증가하는경향을보였으나20분간1시간비교시약7%의차이를보여20분이상의반응시간의증가는크지않은것으로나타났다.

The Dopamine D4 Receptor Polymorphism Affects the Canine Fearfulness

이채영,신수안,신대성,강주현,박찬규,김장훈 한국통합생물학회 2008 Animal cells and systems Vol.12 No.2

The canine fearfulness is a behavioral trait knowneffects of the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism on thisbehavior by postulating a mixed model of inheritance.Genotyping for the three diferent repeat polymorphismfound in the third exon of the receptor gene was carried outfor the population of the Korean native dogs. Four hundredfifty eight dogs with known pedigree were genotyped, and264 individuals were tested for their fear responses to anexperimenter, in which four diferent behavioral paradigmswere adopted. Since the results assessed by principal factoranalysis revealed a major factor explaining 69% of the totalphenotypic variance, the subsequent analyses were conductedfor this quantity. Analyses of the factor scores by estimatingtheir posterior means indicated that there is a fixed effectexerted by the three diferent repeat polymorphism found inthe D4 receptor as well as sex, in addition to unidentifiedpolygenic effects. The phenotypic contribution of the D4genotype was roughly estimated to be about 2%, which is afraction of the total genetic effects responsible for more than20% of the total phenotypic variance.

Combination Nasolabial Transposition Flap and Island Pedicle Flap Following Mohs Surgery of Simultaneous Basal Cell Carcinomas Involving Both Nasal Alae

이채영,이영규,최규원,이채욱,김기호,김영훈 대한피부과학회 2008 Annals of Dermatology Vol.20 No.3

The nasal ala is a challenging area for surgical reconstruction, with thick sebaceous skin, the lack of an ample tissue reservoir, and an adjacent free margin. Numerous flaps have been reported for the repair of alae defects. A 71-year-old woman with simultaneous basal cell carcinomas involving both nasal alae was treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgical defects measured 1.5×1.5 cm on the center of the right nasal ala and 1.0×1.0 cm on the left nasal ala, including the alar crease and rim. The right nasal ala was used as a nasolabial transposition flap and the left nasal ala was reconstructed by an island pedicle flap. The final shape and texture were satisfactory. The flaps survived and nasal symmetry was preserved. Combined nasolabial transposition and island pedicle flaps thus offer a superior esthetic and functional result owing to minimized tension. This may be a valuable reconstructive option in the repair of bilateral nasal alae defects. (Ann Dermatol (Seoul) 20(3) 142∼145, 2008) The nasal ala is a challenging area for surgical reconstruction, with thick sebaceous skin, the lack of an ample tissue reservoir, and an adjacent free margin. Numerous flaps have been reported for the repair of alae defects. A 71-year-old woman with simultaneous basal cell carcinomas involving both nasal alae was treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgical defects measured 1.5×1.5 cm on the center of the right nasal ala and 1.0×1.0 cm on the left nasal ala, including the alar crease and rim. The right nasal ala was used as a nasolabial transposition flap and the left nasal ala was reconstructed by an island pedicle flap. The final shape and texture were satisfactory. The flaps survived and nasal symmetry was preserved. Combined nasolabial transposition and island pedicle flaps thus offer a superior esthetic and functional result owing to minimized tension. This may be a valuable reconstructive option in the repair of bilateral nasal alae defects. (Ann Dermatol (Seoul) 20(3) 142∼145, 2008)

미생물활성화제를 이용한 유류오염토양 복원에 관한 연구

이채영,정찬교,김종문 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the soil remediation by landfarming was carried out using microbial activators. Feasibility studies and reduction capacity of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were investigated in order to find out how fast and eco-friendly the contaminated soil can be recovered . The lab-test confirmed not only the performance and degradation efficiency of microbial activators but also the effect of TPH reduction in the contaminated soil. The optimum growth conditions for indigenous microorganisms were identified using microbial activators. Based on the results of TPH removal,although there had been a little of difference in between natural decomposition and microbial activators until 20 days, the sample groups of microbial activators were higher than the control ones after 20days. Microbial activators were applied to the field experiments on landfarming. Based on the results of removal rate in each floor of soil, it was found that the removal rates were 85.8 % in the upper, 84.4 %in the middle, and 66.10 % in the bottom. Considering that the reduction rate of TPH for the control group averaged 71.1%, the microbial activators might not be fully transferred into the bottom, which resulted from the piles of soil. As the piles have already reached 1 m in the field experiments, the low piles of soil under 0.6 m may enhance the treatment efficiency of TPH. 본 연구에서는 미생물활성화제를 토양경작법에 적용하였을 경우 토양을 복원함에 있어 타 공법에 비해 장시간 걸리는 단점을 최소화하고, 빠른 시일 내에 친환경적으로 복원이 가능한지에 대한 타당성 조사와 더불어 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감 능력을 확인하였다. Pre-test의 개념으로 미생물활성화제의 성능과 분해 효율을 lab-test를 통해 확인하였으며, 유류오염 토양의 지표인 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 효과를 확인하였다. 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리 효과를 확인한 결과, 20일 정도까지는 자연분해와 미생물활성화제의 차이가 미미하게 발생하였으나, 20일 경과 후에는 처리 효과가 대조군에 비해 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 각층에 따른 제거율을 살펴본 결과, 상층 85.8 %, 중층 84.4 %의 제거율을 나타냈으나, 하층에서는 66.10 % 제거율을 나타냈다. 대조군에서 자연적으로 줄어드는 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감율이 평균 71.1 %임을 근거로 봤을 때 미생물활성화제가 하층까지 충분하게 전달되지 않은 상태로 볼 수 있었으며, 이는 토양 더미의 문제로 판단된다. 현장 실험에서는 토양 더미가 1 m 로 진행되었기 때문에 더미 높이를 0.6 m 이하로 낮추게 되면 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리효율은 더 높아질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.