3D IC 열관리를 위한 TSV Liquid Cooling System

박만석,김성동,김사라은경,Park, Manseok,Kim, Sungdong,Kim, Sarah Eunkyung 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2013 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.20 No.3

TSV는 그동안 3D IC 적층을 하는데 핵심 기술로 많이 연구되어 왔고, RC delay를 줄여 소자의 성능을 향상시키고, 전체 시스템 사이즈를 줄일 수 있는 기술로 각광을 받아왔다. 최근에는 TSV를 전기적 연결이 아닌 소자의 열관리를 위한 구조로 연구되고 있다. TSV를 이용한 liquid cooling 시스템 개발은 TSV 제조, TSV 디자인 (aspect ratio, size, distribution), 배선 밀도, microchannel 제조, sealing, 그리고 micropump 제조까지 풀어야 할 과제가 아직 많이 남아있다. 그러나 TSV를 이용한 liquid cooling 시스템은 열관리뿐 아니라 신호 대기시간(latency), 대역폭(bandwidth), 전력 소비(power consumption), 등에 크게 영향을 미치기 때문에 3D IC 적층 기술의 장점을 최대로 이용한 차세대 cooling 시스템으로 지속적인 개발이 필요하다. 3D integrated circuit(IC) technology with TSV(through Si via) liquid cooling system is discussed. As a device scales down, both interconnect and packaging technologies are not fast enough to follow transistor's technology. 3D IC technology is considered as one of key technologies to resolve a device scaling issue between transistor and packaging. However, despite of many advantages, 3D IC technology suffers from power delivery, thermal management, manufacturing yield, and device test. Especially for high density and high performance devices, power density increases significantly and it results in a major thermal problem in stacked ICs. In this paper, the recent studies of TSV liquid cooling system has been reviewed as one of device cooling methods for the next generation thermal management.

고열유속 소자를 위한 칩 레벨 액체 냉각 연구

박만석,김성동,김사라은경,Park, Manseok,Kim, Sungdong,Kim, Sarah Eunkyung 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2015 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.22 No.2

고성능 소자의 전력밀도가 증가함에 따라 소자의 열 관리는 주요 핵심 기술로 부각되었고, 기존의 heat sink나 TIM(thermal interface material)으로는 소자의 열 문제를 해결하는데 한계가 있다. 이에 최근에는 열 유속(heat flux)을 증가시키고자 액체 냉각 시스템에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 TSV(through Si via)와 microchannel을 이용하여 칩 레벨 액체 냉각 시스템을 제작하고 시스템의 냉각 특성을 분석하였다. TSV와 microchannel은 Si 웨이퍼에 DRIE(deep reactive ion etching)을 이용하여 공정하였고, 3가지 다른 형상의 TSV를 제작하여 TSV 형상이 냉각 효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. TSV와 microchannel 내 액체흐름 형상은 형광현미경으로 관찰하였고, 액체 냉각에 대한 효율은 실온에서 $300^{\circ}C$까지 시편을 가열하면서 적외선현미경을 이용하여 온도를 측정 분석하였다. Thermal management becomes a key technology as the power density of high performance and high density devices increases. Conventional heat sink or TIM methods will be limited to resolve thermal problems of next-generation IC devices. Recently, to increase heat flux through high powered IC devices liquid cooling system has been actively studied. In this study a chip-level liquid cooling system with TSV and microchannel was fabricated on Si wafer using DRIE process and analyzed the cooling characteristics. Three different TSV shapes were fabricated and the effect of TSV shapes was analyzed. The shape of liquid flowing through microchannel was observed by fluorescence microscope. The temperature differential of liquid cooling system was measured by IR microscope from RT to $300^{\circ}C$.

피트니스센터 소비자의 라이프스타일, 선택속성, 충성도 간의 관계 검증

박만석(Park, Man-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Structural Relationships on Fitness Center Customer’s lifestyles and Selection Attribute and Loyalty. For this purpose, a survey was conducted 325 users of Fitness Center. The data were treated with the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 program. As a result, the following conclusion were drawn. First, research model about lifestyle factors, selection attribute and loyalty in Fitness Center customers suit research’s purpose. Second, lifestyle factors, selection attribute and loyalty in Fitness Center customers are related to each other. Truth, lifestyle factors influence on the selection attribute and loyalty positively. The more selection attribute is, the more positive loyalty is changed. Third, selection attribute of Fitness Center customers partially mediated in the relationship between lifestyle factors and loyalty. So the route model set up for this study is appropriate to develop researches on the samples. These results were discussed based on previous literature and theory.

원인불명 발열성 및 비정형성 폐렴 환자의 Coxiella burnetii 항체 분포 특성

박만석(Man Suck Park),박미연(Mi Yeoun Park),신영오(Yung Oh Shin) 대한미생물학회 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

트레이닝 유형이 비만여성의 혈관계 및 동화 호르몬에 미치는 효과

박만석(Park, Man-Suk),신호수(Shin, Ho-Su) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study is to analysis the effect of training type on blood flow resistance, artery stenosis and assimilation anabolism during 12 weeks in obesity women. The subjects was composed of aerobic training group(n=12), weight training group(11), complex training group(13) and the control group (n=10). The subjects were measured to assimilation anabolism hormone and vascular variables using ultrasound doppler. As a result, In the case of blood resistance index, arterial stenosis index represents having significantly(p<.001, p<.001) a high reduction ratio during each training group but the control group did not change significantly. GH, IGF-1 in each training period having showed significantly (p<.001, p<.001) a high increased ratio during each training group but the control group did not change significantly. Therefore the training type presented in this study is considered a positive impact changes in blood flow resistance, artery stenosis and GH, IGF-1 for the functional development of vascular and resolved obesity in women. Forward, through combined training program composed to resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, it was expected the various studies targeted number of male and female obese at age group.

연구논문 : 호텔의 시장지향성과 사업성과간 통합적 매개변수의 역할

박만석 ( Man Suk Park ),이덕재 ( Duk Jae Lee ) 한국마케팅학회 2002 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.4 No.2

데드리프트 운동 유형에 따른 생체역학적 신체 변화에 미치는 영향

박만석(Park, Man-Suk),신호수(Shin, Ho-Soo) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analyze biomechanical mechanisms (posture, center of gravity, electromyography and plantar pressure distribution) of Romanian deadlift exercises for bodybuilders and the general public, and to provide preliminary data for the minimization of exercise injuries. These are the results of this study: first, the 1st section was longer than the 2nd in the time required by phase without statistically significant differences between groups; second, the skilled group had the center of gravity positioned further behind E2 compared with the unskilled; third, there were no statistically significant differences in the angle of anteversion of the moving body; fourth, the skilled group had muscle activity ratio in order of erector spinae muscles, gastrocnemius and musculus vastus lateralis in the 1st section, while the unskilled in order of trapezius muscles, erector spinae muscles and gastrocnemius, with significant differences in trapezius muscles between the two groups (p<.05) and no significant differences between the two groups in the 2nd section; finally, both the skilled and unskilled groups had the greatest in A3 and the least pressure distribution in A2 in the 1st section, but there were no significant differences. The results above indicate that additional biomechanical postures are necessary as differences between the skilled and unskilled groups are not large enough.

시각장애학교 저시력 학생의 보행 실태 및 훈련 요구

박만석 ( Man-sok Park ),시진무 ( Jin-mu Si ),이해균 ( Hae-gyun Lee ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2016 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.17 No.3

이 연구는 시각장애학교 저시력 학생의 보행 실태 및 훈련 요구를 분석하기 위하여 11개 시각장애학교를 대상으로 조사한 것이다. 연구결과는 첫째, 저시력 학생의 반수 이상이 보행 훈련을 받고 있었으나 주당 1시간 미만에 그쳤다. 특히 잔존시력에 대한 보행평가의 부재로 훈련에 대하여 만족하지 않는 비율이 높았다. 실명시기에 따라 선천성, 후천성 학생 모두 높낮이를 발견하는 것에 가장 큰 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 흰 지팡이 사용 욕구는 집에 거주하는 학생은 경사나 변화가 심한 곳, 기숙사에 거주하는 학생은 차가 많이 다니는 도로 라고 응답하였다. 둘째, 배경변인에 따른 독립보행의 차이를 분석한 결과 보행훈련을 받은 학 생이 도로횡단, 실내외보행에서 보행훈련을 받지 않은 학생보다 독립적으로 보행하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선천성 저시력 학생이 후천성 저시력 학생보다, 기숙사에 거주하는 학생이 집 에 거주하는 학생보다 독립적으로 도로횡단을 한다고 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of independent travel as well as students’ needs, with regards to Orientation & Mobility Training, hereafter referred to as O & M. This will be analyzed to ensure that facilitators of O & M programs for Students with Low Vision in Schools for the Visually Impaired, will be able to effectively facilitate an O & M program. The conclusion of this study is outlined as follows. Firstly, more than a half of the target population of students with low vision are participating in the O & M training program. However, many of the students are not satisfied with their training. This is due to there being a lack of O & M assessment with regards to their remaining vision. In addition, congenital & acquired low vision students both found streets with a variation in gradient steepness to be the most difficult to navigate independently. Secondly, depending upon the students level of participation within the O & M program student were taught to travel independently when crossing the street as well as walking both indoors and outdoors. This was more likely to be found in those students groups who participated in the O & M training rather than in those not participating in the O & M training.

호텔의 시장지향성과 사업성과에 관한 연구

박만석(Man Sok Park),이덕재(Duk Jae Lee) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2000 호텔경영학연구 Vol.9 No.2

As perhaps the most central of marketing research, the topic of market orientation has commanded the attention of marketing researchers about 10 years. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between market orientation and business performance of hotel firms. In this process, three variables - service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty - was considered as mediators. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 426 general managers of tourist hotels in Korea. Out of 426, 117 questionnaires were used to test the hypotheses. Factor analysis, reliability test, and LISREL were used to test the hypotheses and the model. The overall adequacy of fit(GFI, AGFI, NFI, NNFI, and RMSR) was found to be acceptable. According to the empirical tests, 7 hypotheses were accepted, and the results showed that 3 mediating variables has important effect for explaining the relationship between market orientation and performance. But, 1 hypothesis was rejected to the contrary of expectation.

고로슬래그 미분말을 대량 사용한 프리캐스트 세그먼트용 고유동 콘크리트의 조기강도 특성

최연왕(Choi, Yun Wang),박만석(Park, Man Seok),강현진(Kang, Hyun Jin),박영식(Park, Young Sik),박기현(Park, Ki Hyun) 한국콘크리트학회 2013 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10