국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

분산 환경에서의 이동 에이전트 핸드오프 처리

박기현,Park, Ki-Hyun 한국정보처리학회 2001 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.8 No.6

본 논문은 단말의 이동성을 수용하기 위한 분산 이동 구조에 대하여 다루고 있다. 제안된 구조에서는 세가지 분산 객체에 대하여 소개하고 있는데, 무선 이동 사용자가 이용하는 이동 단말(MS:Mobile Station), 유선망에서 이동 단말을 논리적으로 대신하는 이동 에이전트(MA:Mobile Agent), 이동 단말에 서비스를 제공하는 유선용 응용 서버(AS:Application Server)를 이동 환경에서 수용하기 위한 추적 에이전트(TA:Trace Agent)가 그들이다. 이동 에이전트는 이동 단말과 밀접한 관련을 갖고, 추적 에이전트는 응용 서버와 밀접한 관련을 갖는다. 핸드오프 과정에서 패킷 손실이나 순서 변경과 같은 문제점을 처리하기 위한 흐름 제어 기법이 고려되었으며, 제시된 알고리즘을 사용하는 경우의 추가적인 지연 시간에 대한 산술적인 결과를 제시하고 있다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 알고리즘의 검증과 함께 산술적인 결과와 동일한 지연 시간을 확인하였다. This paper presents a distributed mobile architecture aimed to support the mobility of mobile station. The proposed architecture considers three significant objects;mobile station (MS), mobile agent (MA) which logically represents mobile station in the wireline network, and trace agent (TA) to represent application server (AS) providing application service to mobile station. The mobile agent is made closely coupled with the mobile station while the trace agent is made closely coupled with the application server. During the handoff process, a flow control mechanism is considered to correct packet loss and out-of-sequence packets problem. The result of analytic additional time delay due to handoff processing is presented and simulation was performed to check the additional time delay as well as the correctness of handoff algorithm.

피츠버그 수면척도를 이용한 사상체질별 수면 비교

박기현,정경식,김상혁,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jeong, Kyoungsik,Kim, Sang-Hyuk 사상체질의학회 2021 사상체질의학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify differences in sleep by Sasang constitutional type using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). Methods The subjects of this study were 3,578 people who had information on Sasang constitutional type and PSQI among the data established at the Korean Medicine Data Center. We compared each item score in PSQI (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) and PSQI global scores by Sasang constitutional type using analysis of variance. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratio of poor sleep by Sasang constitutional type. Results & Conclusions The SE type showed statistically significantly higher scores than the TE type and SY type in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and PSQI global score, indicating poor sleep compared to other constitutional types. The odds ratio for poor sleep also shows that even after adjusting sex, age, height, and weight, the SE type was significantly higher than other constitutional types, indicating that the SE type could be a risk factor for poor sleep.

보철물 장착후 골 유착성 임플란트 변연골 소실에 관한 방사선학적 연구

박기현,한동후,Park, Ki-Hyun,Han, Dong-Hoo 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Regular radiographic examination has been considered as an essential diagnostic method for the osseointegrated dental implantation. This study investigated the marginal bone loss through the measurement on the periapical radiograph around 46 endosseous dental implants. Marginal bone loss have been observed for 5 years after delivery of prostheses. The results were as follows : 1. According to the experimental periods, average marginal bone loss in total implant was 1.821mm in the first year, 1.833mm in the second, 1.892mm at third, 1.910mm at forth and 1.957mm at fifth after delivery of prostheses(P<0.05). 2. The average bone loss was 1.832mm in the maxillae and 1.819mm in the mandible in three years but there was no significant difference between the upper and lower jaw(P>0.05). 3. The average bone loss was 1.824mm in males and 1.818mm in females in five years but there was no significant difference according to the sex(P>0.05). These results indicate that the most of the alveolar bone loss occur within the first year after delivery of dental prostheses resulting in the exposure of polished neck positions, and the bone level stabilizes at first thread portion of the implant fixtures.

고성능 병렬화일 시스템을 위한 디스크 할당 방법

박기현,Park, Kee-Hyun 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.9

최근, 멀티미디어 정보처리와 같은 대규모 데이터 처리에 필수적인 입출력 시스템의 성능을 높이기 위하여 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 고성능 병렬화일 시스템에 관한 연구도 이런 노력에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 고성능 병렬화일 시스템을 위한 효율적인 디스크 할당 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 병렬화일의 자료 분산(data declustering)특성을 이용하여 병렬화일에 대한 병렬도 개념을 정의하고, 이를 기반으로 여러 병렬화일들이 동시에 처리되는 경우에, 최대의 작업처리량(throughput)을 얻기 위한 각 병렬화일에 적합한 디스크상의 자료 분산 정도를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 동시에 처리되는 병렬화일들이 많이 늘어날수록, 최대의 작업처리량을 얻기 위한 계산이 너무 복잡해지므로, 효율적인 근사 디스크 할당 알고리즘도 아울러 제안한다. 제안된 근사 알고리즘은 계산이 간단하고, 특히 입출력 작업부하(workload)가 높은 환경에서는 매우 효율적임을 보여준다. 또한 입출력 요구들의 도착 비율이 무한대일 경우, 근사 알고리즘만을 이용하여도 최대 작업처리량을 위한 최적 디스크 할당을 얻을 수 있음을 증명하였다. In recent years, much attention has been focused on improving I/O devices' processing speed which is essential in such large data processing areas as multimedia data processing. And studies on high-performance parallel file systems are considered to be one of such efforts. In this paper, an efficient disk allocation scheme is proposed for high-performance parallel file systems. In other words, the concept of a parallel disk file's parallelism is defined using data declustering characteristic of a given parallel file. With the concept, an efficient disk allocation scheme is proposed which calculates the appropriate degree of data declustering on disks for each parallel file in order to obtain the maximum throughput when more than one parallel file is used at the same time. Since, calculation for obtaining the maximum throughput is too complex as the number of parallel files increases, an approximate disk allocation algorithm is also proposed in this paper. The approximate algorithm is very simple and especially provides very good results when I/O workload is high. In addition, it has shown that the approximate algorithm provides the optimal disk allocation for the maximum throughput when the arrival rate of I/O requests is infinite.

New study - 에너지공급자효율향상 의무화제도(EERS) 도입 방안

박기현,Park, Gi-Hyeon 에너지절약전문기업협회 2012 esco Vol.79 No.-

Effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene on DNA Damages and Replication Inhibition in the Presence of Metabolic Activation System

박기현,이정섭,이형호,박상대,Park, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Jung-Sup,Lee, Hyung-Ho,Park, Sang-Dai 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.2

CHO-KI 세포를 재료로 발암 전구물질인 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)에 의한 DNA사 절단, 비주기성 DNA합성 및 복제억제에 마치는 영향을 쥐의 간 상등액(5-15)과 NADPH를 조효소로 하는 대사활성계를 이용하여 알키리 유출법, 자기방사법 및 알카리 농도구배 초원심 분리법으로 조사하였다. 3-MC를 S-15으로 활성화시키지 않을 경우 24시간 처리에도 비주기성 DNA합성이나 DNA사절단을 거의 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 S-15과 함께 3-MC를 1시간 처리하였을 경우 비주기성 DNA 합성과 DNA단사 절단율이 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며, hydroxyurea와 ara-C를 후처리 하였을 때 현저한 DNA단사 축적양상이 보였다. 그리고 유발된 단사절단의 회복에 있어서는 3시간 이상의 시간에도 대조군 수준으로 회복되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 3-MC가 DNA상해요인으로 작용하기 위해서는 대사활성이 반드시 필요하며 자외선형의 상해유발 물질임을 암시한다. 또한, DNA복제양상은 농도에 비 례 DNA합성률이 억제되면서, $10^{-6}\;M$ 이하의 농도에서는 DNA복제 개시 (replicon initiation)가, 그 이상의 농도에서는 DNA복제개시와 DNA사 생장(chain elongation)의 동시 억제양상이 보였다. DNA strand breaks and replication inhibition by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were determined in the presence or absence of metabolic activation in CHO-KI cells. DNA strand breaks were induced in a small extent by 3-MC for 24 hr treatment. However, the single strand breaks were effectively induced by 3-MC for 1 hr treatment with the metabolic activation system. The production of strand breaks were remarkably increased by post-incubation with hydorxyurea and ara-C. At low doses below $10^{-6}\;M$, inhibition of replicon initiation was observed, at higher doses non-specific inhibition of both replicon initiation and chain growth was shown.

자궁근종시 LHRH agonist (D-Trp6-LHRH) 치료에 따른 근종세포내 미세구조의 변화

박기현,신명철,이보연,이병석,송찬호,Park, K.H.,Shin, M.C.,Lee, B.Y.,Lee, B.S.,Song, C.H. 대한생식의학회 1991 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Long-term administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH) agonists, through a process of pituitary desensitization and down-regulation of receptors, inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin and sex-steroids and induces a reversible suppression of gonadal activity. This approach can be used as an effective endocrine therapy for some hormone-dependent tumors. We have used D-Trp6-LHRH, a long acting LHRH agonist, for the treatment of eleven patients with uterine leiomyomas, thereafter myomectomy was performed in seven cases and observed the ultrastructural changes of leiomyoma with an electron microscope. The use of LHRH agonist may be effective in reducing the size of a myoma considerably by primarily inducing medical hypophysectomy and would allow easier surgical removal. Electron microscopic findings of myoma cells after the use of LHRH agonist included the following: loss of cristae and swelling nuclear chromatin, perinuclear vacuolation in cytoplasm. Bone mineral density was slightly decreased, however, the difference was not statistically significant.

복합레진의 표면조도에 관한 연구

박기현,Park, Ki-Hyun 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.1

This study was designed to compare the effect of polishing on surface roughness of composite resin. We used Z100(3M) composite resin and placed the composite resin in the hole (4mm thick and 4mm in diameter) of vinyl plate and polymerized it under manufacturer's instructions. Samples were divided into 5 groups by polishing methods. Group 1 was control: resin was polymerized under glass plate, Group 2: resin was polymerized without any polishing procedure, Group 3: resin was polymerized with a polishing procedure of abrasive disc, Group 4: bonding agent was applyed in thin layer and polymerized on the polished polymerized resin surface. Group 5: resin was polymerized under transparent celluloid strip. The surface roughness of each specimen was measured with Sufacoder SEF-30D (Kosaka lab. Ltd) under 0.08mm cut off, 0.05mm/s stylus speed, ${\times}40$ horizontal magnification, ${\times}5000$ vertical magnification. The results were as follows : 1. Group 1 showed the most smooth surface in this study. 2. Group 3 showed more rough surface than Group 2. Considering the surface roughness, it would be better to make the shape completely before polymerize the resin. To finish and polish after the polymerization of resin makes less smooth surface. 3. When we use the transparent celluloid strip, minimum finishing procedures are recommended. Any polishing procedure could not recover the smooth resin surface of celluloid strip. 4. Application and polymerization of the thin layer of bonding agent on the polished surface showed the minimum surface smoothing effect.

항진균능을 가진 불용성 인산 가용화 세균의 분리 및 특성

박기현,손홍주,Park, Ki-Hyun,Son, Hong-Joo 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.3

다기능성 농업용 미생물 제제를 개발하기 위하여 항진균능을 가진 불용성 인산 가용화 세균을 식물의 근권 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 분리균주의 분류학적 위치를 검토한 결과, Pseudomonas fluorescens RAF15로 동정되었다. P. fluorescens RAF15는 농작물의 잿빛곰팡이병균 Botrytis cinerea와 줄기썩음병균 Rhizoctonia solani의 생육을 억제할 수 있었다. 불용성 인산인 $Ca_3(PO_4){_2}$로부터 가용성 인산을 생성하기 위한 최적 배지 및 배양조건은 glucose 1.5%, urea 0.005%, $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2\;0.3%,\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.01%,\;CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ 0.01%, NaCl 0.05%, 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$ 및 초기 pH 7.0이었으며, 최적조건에서 배양 5일 후 863 mg/L의 가용성 인산이 생성되었다. 불용성 인산 가용화는 유기산 생성에 의한 배양액의 pH 감소와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. P. fluorescens RAF15는 $10-35^{\circ}C$, 1-4% 염 농도 및 pH 2.0-11.0의 범위에서도 가용성 인산을 생성할 수 있었다. 본 균주는 $CaHPO_4,\;Ca_3(PO_4){_2}$ 및 hydroxyapatite에서 각각 971-1121 mg/L, 791-908 mg/L 및 844 mg/L의 가용성 인산을 생성하였다. 그러나 $FePO_2$ 및 $AlPO_4$의 경우, 생성된 가용성 인산의 농도는 각각 18 mg/L, 5 mg/L이었다. To develop multifunctional microbial inoculant, an insluble phosphate-solubilizing bacterium with antifungal activity was isolated from plant rhizospheric soil. On the basis of its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics and Biolog analysis, this bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens RAF15. P. fluorescens RAF15 showed antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani. The optimal medium composition and cultural conditions for the solubilization of insoluble phosphate by P. fluorescens RAF15 were 1.5% of glucose, 0.005% of urea, 0.3% $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2\;0.01%\;of\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.01%,\;of\;CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, and 0.05% of NaCl along with initial pH 7.0 at $30^{\circ}C$. The soluble phosphate production under optimum condition was 863 mg/L after 5 days of cultivation. The solubilization of insoluble phosphates was associated with a drop in the pH of the culture medium. P. fluorescens RAF15 showed resistance against different environmental stresses like $10-35^{\circ}C$ temperature, 1-4% salt concentration and pH 2-11 range. The strain produced soluble phosphate to the culture broth with the concentrations of 971-1121 mg/L against $CaHPO_4$, 791-908 mg/L against $Ca_3(PO_4){_2}$, and 844 mg/L against hydroxyapatite, respectively. However, the strain produced soluble phosphate to the culture broth with the concentrations of 15 mg/L against $FePO_4$, and 5 mg/L against $AlPO_4$, respectively.