의복상표 선택과정에서의 상표범주화

류영실 ( Young Shil Ryoo ),이영선 ( Young Sun Rhee ) 충남대학교 생활과학연구소 2003 忠南生活科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

고령자 남성의 측면체형 연구 - 70세~85세 3D인체형상을 중심으로 -

류영실 ( Young-sil Ryu ),최경미 ( Choi Kueng-mi ),오순 ( Soon Oh ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2019 한국디자인포럼 Vol.24 No.2

연구배경 일반적으로 노년층은 운동신경이 떨어지고, 근육 및 골격의 약화, 호르몬의 변화 등으로 인해 전신의 체형 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 척추에 압박을 받게 되어 허리가 굽고, 흉추와 경추의 만곡이 심해지면서 머리가 앞으로 숙여지는 자세가 되며 다리가 휘어지는 등의 하지 변형으로 이어져 무릎이 굽어지게 되어 전체적으로 측면자세가 변화된다. 본 연구에서는 시각적 판단에 의존한 기존 연구와는 달리, 3차원 형상데이터를 사용하여 고령자 남성의 측면 각도값을 가지고 측면체형을 판단하고자 한다. 연구방법 본 연구에서는 2014년 고령자 3D 인체형상 측정조사 개발 사업에서 조사한 70세~85세 고령자 남성을 대상으로 하였으며 ‘바로선자세’로 스캔된 피험자 448명의 각도를 측정하였다. 측면체형의 특징을 파악할 수 있는 42개의 각도 항목을 사용하여 요인분석을 실시하여 측면체형 구성 요인을 추출하였다. 측면체형을 분류하기 위해 요인분석을 통해서 추출된 6가지 측면체형요인의 항목을 사용하여 K-평균 군집분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 고령자 측면체형요인은 무릎굽음, 등굽음, 상반신기울기, 골반들림, 어깨형태, 배돌출위치의 6개 요인으로 분석되었으며, 이를 군집분석한 결과 측면체형 유형1은 솟은앞어깨 무릎굽은 숙인체형(10.5%), 유형2는 젖힌어깨 보통체형(23.2%), 유형3은 등굽은 젖힌어깨 휜체형(14.1%), 유형4는 처진젖힌어깨 젖힌체형(11.2%), 유형5는 솟은앞어깨 등굽은 휜체형(19.4%), 유형6은 앞어깨 숙인체형(21.7%)으로 분류되었다. 결론 본 연구는 인체의 측면 각도를 3차원으로 측정 및 분석하여 전신의 체형을 유형화했기 때문에 기존의 체형분류 연구와는 차별화된다. Background In general, the elderly people experience a dramatic change in body type due to degradation in motor nerves, weakening muscles and skeletons, and changes in hormones as well. The back is bent with the pressure imposed on the spine with the head bent forward as the thoracic and the cervical vertebras are making sharper curves. The knees are bent as well due to deformation of the lower limbs, leading to changes in overall side posture. Against this backdrop, this study, unlike precedent ones that relied mainly on visual judgments, aims to identify changes in lateral body type based on the lateral angles of the elderly males using the three-dimensional image data. Methods This study has selected the elderly males aged 70 to 85 years who were surveyed in the 3D human body type measurement research project in 2014 as its subjects, and made measured the angles of 448 subjects who were scanned in 'straight posture'. A factor analysis has been conducted using 42 angle items to identify the characteristics of the lateral body type and to extract of the factors that comprise the lateral body type. In order to classify the lateral body types into several categories, the K-average cluster analysis has been performed using the six factors extracted through the factor analysis that are used to determine the lateral body type. Result The six factors that determine the lateral body type of the elderly have been found to be knee bending, spinal bending, the upper body’s incline, pelvic lifting, shoulder form, and position of abdominal protrusion. According to the results of conducting cluster analysis on lateral body type factors, lateral body type 1 is the ‘bending forward type with surging front high shoulder and bending knees (10.5%)’, type 2 is the ‘normal type with ending back shoulder (23.2%)’, type 3 is the ‘Sway back type with spinal bending and tilting shoulder (14.1%)’, type 4 is the ‘lean back type with bending back shoulder (11.2%)’, type 5 is the ‘Sway back type with surging front high shoulder and spinal bending (19.4%)’, and lastly, type 6 is the ‘bend forward type with surging front (21.7%)’. Conclusion This study is different from the previous body type classification research because it forms the whole body shape by analyzing the side angle of the body three dimensionally.

한국 고령자 남성의 체형 분류 - 70세~85세를 중심으로 -

류영실 ( Young-sil Ryu ),오순 ( Soon Oh ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2017 한국디자인포럼 Vol.55 No.-

연구배경 고령인구가 증가함에 따라 고령자의 신체 및 움직임 특성을 고려한 산업제품에 대한 요구도는 높아지고 있으나 70세 이상의 고령 남성에 대한 체형 연구는 10년전의 자료에 대한 연구에 그치고 있다. 이에 가장 최근에 조사된 2014년「고령자 3D 인체형상 측정조사 개발 사업」의 데이터를 바탕으로 남자 고령자에 대한 인체치수 변화를 살펴보고, 체형을 분류하여 그 특징을 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법 본 연구에서는 70세~85세 고령자 남성을 대상으로 하여, 신체변화를 알아보기 위해 2004년도와 2014년도를 비교하였으며, 2014년 고령자의 체형요인에 대한 특성을 살펴보고, 이를 이용하여 각 체형을 분류하기 위해 요인분석, 군집분석, 분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 1. 과거 10년간 고령자의 신체치수는 둘레치수에 대한 변화가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 고령자의 시대별 비만 분포를 살펴보면 전 연령대 모두 저체중과 정상비율은 감소하고 과체중과 비만, 고도비만의 비율이 증가하여 전체적으로 비만해진 것으로 나타났다. 3.2014년 고령자의 연령대별 인체치수를 비교분석한 결과 70세~74세가 키와 상반신 및 팔다리의 부피, 상반신의 길이 및 너비 두께 항목에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. 고령자의 체형 요인을 분석한 결과 5개의 요인이 선정되었다. 5. 체형 요인에 따라서 체형을 분류한 결과 4개의 체형 유형으로 분류되었다. 결론 본 한국 고령자 남성의 체형의 분류에 대한 연구는 근래에는 연구되지 않았던 70세~85세 고령자 남성에 대한 체형 연구로, 과거 2004년의 데이터를 기반으로 개발되었던 고령자 대상 제품의 업그레이드 및 다양한 제품군에서의 제품 설계 및 개발 등에 널리 적용 될 수 있을 것이다. Background As aged population increases, demand for industrial products considering aged persons` body or movement characteristics increases as well; however, research on the body types of aged men over 70 relies on data acquired 10 years ago. Therefore, this study is going to examine how aged men`s body size has changed and classify their body types and analyze the characteristics based on data directly measured by 「The Development Project for 3D Measurement on Aged Persons` body type s」, the latest research conducted in 2014. Methods The subjects are aged men at the age of 70 to 85, and to examine how their body has changed, this study compared data from 2004 and 2014. In this study examines the characteristics of aged persons` body type factors and classifies their body types based on that. To examine the characteristics of each body type, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and variance analysis were conducted. Result 1. According to the results of aged persons` body change for the last 10 years, their girth has changed more than their height in general. 2. According to the results of aged persons` obesity distribution by time, in all age groups, low or normal weight ratios have decreased while overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity ratios have increased. It means that they have become more obese in general. 3. According to the results of comparatively analyzing aged persons` body size with different age groups in 2014, 70 to 74 years old showed the largest value in the height and width of the upper body, upper body and upper limbs of the upper body and limbs. 4. According to the results of analyzing aged persons` body type factors, five factors were chosen. 5. According to the body type, the body type was classified into 4 body types. Conclusion A study on the classification of body shape of Korean elderly men is a study of body shape for aged men aged 70 to 85 who have not been studied in recent years. The results of this study can be widely applied to upgrading products for elderly people and designing and developing products in various product groups.

규범-환경친화적 구매행동의 관계에 있어 개인특성이 미치는 조절적 영향

안정민,장흥섭,이지영,류영실 한국경영교육학회 2010 경영교육연구 Vol.64 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the moderating effects of individual characteristics in the relationship between norm and environment-friendly buying behavior. This study concentrate the buying behavior and moderating effects of individual characteristics. (Self-esteem, Social connectedness, Awareness of consequences, Perceived seriousness of environmental problems) The moderator enhances the strength of the relationship between social norm and personal norm, personal norm and behavior. The data from this study showed several clear, consistent, and theoretically important relationships. First, social norm have effect on personal norm. And personal norm have effect on environment-friendly buying behavior. Second, Self-esteem and Social connectedness have a moderating effects on the links between social norm and personal norm. Third, Awareness of consequences have a moderating effects on the links between personal norm and environment-friendly buying behavior. But Perceived seriousness of environmental problems haven't a moderating effects on the links between personal norm and environment-friendly buying behavior. 본 연구는 이타주의 행동 이론을 바탕으로 사회규범이 개인규범을 거쳐 환경친화적 제품구매 행동에 미치는 영향에 관해 연구하며 자아존중감, 사회적 유대감, 환경행동결과 중요성 인식, 환경문제 심각성 지각이 이들 사이에서 어떠한 조절적 역할을 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 6개의 가설 중 환경행동결과 중요성 인식의 조절효과를 측정한 가설 5를 제외한 모든 가설이 채택되었다. 이를 바탕으로 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 실시한다면 소비자들의 환경친화적인 구매행동을 촉진하는데 도움이 될 것이라고 생각한다.

시니어 브라탑의 사이즈스펙 개발

최경미 ( Choi Kueng-mi ),류영실 ( Ryu Young-sil ),김인화 ( Kim In-hwa ),전정일 ( Jun Jung-il ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2013 한국디자인포럼 Vol.39 No.-

노년여성의 연령에 따른 체형특성과 라이프스타일을 고려하여 50대를 중심으로 한 액티브시니어 여성과 60대를 중심으로 한 시니어 여성을 대상으로 브라탑의 사이즈스펙을 개발하고 노년여성을 위한 사이즈 적합성이 높은 브라탑의 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시니어 집단의 체형차이를 분석한 결과 액티브시니어와 시니어는 20대보다 젖가슴과 배부위가 발달한 땅콩형 체형이며 젖가슴이 처지고 벌어져 있으며, 이는 연령이 높을수록 큰 차이를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 액티브시니어와 시니어는 20대보다 상반신의 자세가 뒤로 젖혀져 있는 체형이나, 시니어는 액티브시니어보다는 상반신이 숙인체형으로 나타나 가령의 영향으로 상반신이 숙여진 체형임을 알 수 있었다. 2. 액티브시니어 브라탑 사이즈는 5% 이상의 다빈도 구간을 기준으로 하였으며, 컵사이즈를 2.5cm로 할 경우 75A, 80A, 80B, 80C, 85A, 85B의 6개 사이즈로 커버율은 52.57%이며, 컵사이즈를 5cm로 할 경우 75A, 75C, 80A, 80C, 85A, 85C, 90A, 90C의 8개 사이즈로 커버율은 84.29%이다. 3.시니어 브라탑 사이즈는 5% 이상의 다빈도 구간을 기준으로 하였으며, 컵사이즈를 2.5cm로 할 경우 75A, 80AA, 80A, 80B, 85A, 85B, 85C, 90A, 90B 의 9개 사이즈로 커버율은 66.19%이며, 컵사이즈를 5cm로 할 경우 75A, 80A, 80C, 85A, 85C, 90A, 90C의 7개 사이즈로 커버율은 79.72%이다. 브라탑의 디자인과 브라탑 컵의 커버력에 따라 각 타깃의 두 종류의 사이즈스펙을 선택하여 적용한다면 생산업체는 보다 적은 종류의 사이즈를 생산하여 재고에 대한 부담을 줄일 수 있어 생산효율을 높일 수 있을 것이다. This study aims to present source data for the development of high appropriate-size bra tops for senior women in the manner of developing the size specifications of bra tops for active senior women in their fifties and for older senior women in their sixties in consideration for their different somatotype characteristics and lifestyles depending on age. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. An analysis of differences in their somatotype between the two senior groups shows that active seniors and older seniors have a peanut-shaped somatotype featuring the more developed breasts and abdomen than those of young women in their twenties and also sagging and wide breasts, which are more remarkable with older age. It was found that both active seniors and older seniors had a body shape characterized by the leaning-back bust compared to those in their twenties, however older seniors had the more leaning-forward bust than that of active seniors, which suggests that aging has an effect on such the change in body shape. 2. The sizing of bra tops for active seniors was based on at least 5% of high-frequency interval: if the bra cup size is set to 2.5cm, six sizes including 75A, 80A, 80B, 80C, 85A and 85B lead to 52.57% of coverage rate; and, if the cup size is set to 5cm, eight sizes including 75A, 75C, 80A, 80C, 85A, 85C, 90A and 90C have 84.29% of coverage rate. 3. The sizing of bra tops for older seniors was based on at least of high-frequency interval: if the bra cup size is set to 2.5cm, nine sizes including 75A, 80AA, 80A, 80B, 85A, 85B, 85C, 90A and 90B lead to 66.19% of coverage rate; and, if the cup size is set to 5cm, seven sizes including 75A, 80A, 80C, 85A, 85C, 90A and 90C have 79.72% of coverage rate. Based upon the results above, it is concluded that if the two types of size specifications are selectively applied to target users according to the designs and cup coverage of bra tops, the manufacturers will improve their production efficiency by producing less different sizes of bra tops and thus lowering inventory burdens.

대량 맞춤용 개인화 패턴 설계 이론개발을 위한 학령 후기 비만 남아의 체형 특성 요인

최경미 ( Choi Keung-mi ),류영실 ( Ryu Young-sil ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2012 한국디자인포럼 Vol.34 No.-

학령후기 비만남아를 대상으로 대량맞춤을 위한 개인화 패턴 설계이론을 개발하기 위하여, 6차 사이즈 코리아 직접측정자료 중 학령후기 남아 총 1,188명을 대상으로, 인체측정치, 신장지수치, 허리둘레지수치의 3종류의 분석항목을 사용하여, 정상체형과의 비교분석을 통하여 패턴 설계에 영향을 미치는 비만아동의 체형의 특징을 추출하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 두 집단의 평균치의 차이와 Z-score를 이용하여 두 집단의 차이를 분석한 결과, 학령후기 비만남아는 정상남아보다 횡적방향과 종적방향이 모두 발달하여 성장이 빠르고 횡적방향의 발달이 현저하며, 배부위가 발달하였다. 지수치의 분석 결과, 학령후기 비만남아는 정상남아보다 종적·횡적비례가 모두 크고, 배부위가 두께방향으로 비례적으로 발달하였다. 2. 인체측정치를 이용하여 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 정상체형과 비만체형은 모두 종적크기와 횡적크기요인이 체형의 구성요인을 70%이상 설명하고 있다.3. 신장지수치의 요인분석 결과, 비만체형은 어깨부위의 횡적비례(요인1), 몸통후면상부길이의 비례(요인2), 몸통상부의 편평률(요인3), 어깨부위의 종적 비례(요인4), 밑위길이의 비례(요인5)로 총 5개의 요인이 추출되어 총분산의 78.66%를 설명하고 있다. 4. 허리둘레지수치의 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 비만체형은 사지와 가슴부위의 횡적비례(요인1), 배부위의 돌출정도(요인2)로 총 2개의 요인이 추출되어 총분산의 79.28%를 설명하고 있다. This study aimed to develop the designing theory of personalized patterns for mass customization targeting obese preteen boys in the direct measurement data of the 6th Size Korea Survey. In the analyses of a total of 1,188 preteen boys with obesity to those of normal ones, the somatotype characteristics which may have significant influence on patterning were extracted using three analytical parameters: anthropometric measurements, height index and waist circumference index. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. Analyses of any differences in the group mean and Z-score between the two groups showed that the obese boys developed more remarkably in both the vertical and horizontal directions compared to normal ones. They could be characterized by fast growth, significant horizontal development and noticeable abdominal development. The result of analyses with height index and waist circumference index shown the abdominal region developing relatively compared to the other regions and the proportional development in the direction of thickness rather than width. 2. The results of a factor analysis with anthropometric measurements explained Vertical size and horizontal size factors at least 70% of the body composition factors. 3. The results of a factor analysis with height index showed that five factors including the horizontal proportion of the shoulders, the upper length of the posterior trunk, the body flatness ratio of the upper trunk, the horizontal proportion of the shoulders, and the proportion of crotch length were extracted in obese somatotype, explaining 78.66% of the total variance. 4. The results of a factor analysis with waist circumference index showed that two factors including the horizontal proportion of the extremities & chest and the degree of the abdominal protrusion were extracted in obese somatotype group, explaining 79.28% of the total variance.

EFL Learners’ Use of Communication and Negotiation Strategies in a University Class

성기완(Kiwan Sung),류영실(Young-Sil Ryu) 한국외국어교육학회 2005 Foreign languages education Vol.12 No.4

This study investigated patterns of communication breakdowns (CBs) and use of communication strategies (CSs) in the process of meaning negotiation between a native English speaking teacher and thirty five Korean EFL university students. For over a nine-week period, the classroom was observed and the data were collected through the transcriptions of tape recordings, teacher interviews, and student interviews. The results showed that patterns of CBs for EFL learners were multi-dimensional: syntactic, phonetic, lexical, and affective. Particularly in this class, whereas the teacher tried to choose the most effective and various strategies and tactics to ‘bridge the gap’ in communication, the student did not use CSs in a diverse manner in order to overcome CBs and only used eleven out of 33 CSs in the taxonomy of Dornyei and Scott (1997). Accordingly, it may be necessary for EFL learners to have more experiences in more contextualized classroom interaction or consciousness-raising activities for diverse use of CSs without sacrificing communicative opportunities to learn target language.

The Effect of Whole-Body Compression Garments on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance, 3-km Running Record and Physical Fitness in Amateur Marathoners

김인화,이진석,최경미,류영실,전정일,서경호 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2021 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of whole-body compression garments on aerobic and anaerobic performance, 3-km running record and physical fitness in amateur marathoners. Ten male amateur marathoners without any medical problems were measured compression garments following non-compression garments intervention (n=10, age: 25.40±2.72 yrs.; height: 173.71±3.52 cm; weight: 70.55±7.16 kg; body mass index: 23.34±1.70). The compression and non-compression garments intervention were conducted at weekly intervals. We measured aerobic and anaerobic performance, 3-km running record, and the physical fitness according to each intervention. As a result, VO2max, total exercise duration, anaerobic threshold were significantly higher in compression intervention than non-compression intervention. Also, minimum power was significantly higher in compression intervention than non-compression intervention. 3-km running performance was significantly faster in compression intervention than non-compression intervention. In addition, side-step was significantly faster in compression intervention than non-compression intervention. In conclusion, present study finding suggest that whole-body compression garments is beneficial to enhance aerobic performance and physical fitness.

3차원 인체측정을 위한 측정복 상의 사이즈체계 개발

최경자,남윤자,박창규,류영실 한국의류학회 2009 한국의류학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.1

노년 여성의 표준 신체치수 설정에 관한 연구(제2보) : 체형분류와 표준 신체치수 Somatotype Classification & Standard Body Measurement

이정임,주소령,남윤자,류영실 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.3,4

This report is the second study to develop the standard tables of body measurements to be used for improving the for of garment and patterns for women aged 60 and older. The purpose of this study is to suggest the new sizing system proper to the women aged 60 and older by classifying their somatotype and developing the standard tables of body measurements for each somatotype. The data are the anthropometric measurements of 329 women aged 60 and older measured in 2001 and the 1997 National Somatometry Survey data. The major contents of this study are as follows. The applicability of KS K 0051 and ISO 3637 sizing systems to the women aged 60 and older was investigated by analyzing the distribution of height and drop index the difference of hipgirth and bustgirth. In this result, we certified the two sizing systems were not so proper to elderly women and the new sizing system proper to them was required. So, we classified the somatotype of the women aged 60 and older to 3 groups, 135cm≤H(height)<145cm, 145cm≤H<155cm, 155cm≤H<165cm by height and classified to 3 groups, 4cm≤D(drop)<16cm, -4cm≤D<4cm, -16cm≤D<-4cm by drop index, and we suggested more proper sizing system for women aged 60 and older by compounding height and drop groups. We also developed the standard tables of body measurements every bustgirth groups of 9 somatotypes. We expect the standard tables of body measurements to applicate to manufacture clothing for elderly women.