Maternal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Risk of Early Childhood Obesity in Female Offspring: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

류기진,Wi Won Young,Nam Seunghyun,Jeong Hye Gyeong,조금준,박현태,김탁 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.14

Background: To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Korean women and childhood growth and obesity of their offspring. Methods: This longitudinal case-control study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database and the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database included women who delivered singletons between January 2007 and December 2008. Offspring’s body mass index (BMI) measurements taken between 42 and 80 months of age were compared according to a maternal history of PCOS. Results: Among a total of 131,805 participants, 1,213 women had a history of PCOS and 130,592 women did not. Female offspring aged 66–80 months born to women with PCOS had significantly higher BMI than those born to women without PCOS; there was no significant difference in that of male offspring regardless of maternal PCOS. In the generalized estimating equation and multivariable logistic regression analyses, the female offspring born to women with PCOS had a significantly higher risk of obesity during the age of 42–54 and 66–80 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.21 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.05–2.15, respectively), than those born to women without PCOS, after adjusting for several confounding factors. Conclusion: Maternal PCOS is independently associated with an increased incidence of childhood obesity in female offspring among Korean women. Women with PCOS should consider the risk of early childhood obesity in their daughters, even if they maintain a healthy weight themselves.

Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Factors Associated with Women's Vasomotor Symptoms Using General Hospital Data

류기진,Yi Kyong Wook,Kim Yong Jin,Shin Jung Ho,Hur Jun Young,Kim Tak,서종배,Lee Kwang-Sig,Park Hyuntae 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.17

Background: To analyze the factors associated with women's vasomotor symptoms (VMS) using machine learning. Methods: Data on 3,298 women, aged 40–80 years, who attended their general health check-up from January 2010 to December 2012 were obtained from Korea University Anam Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Five machine learning methods were applied and compared for the prediction of VMS, measured by the Menopause Rating Scale. Variable importance, the effect of a variable on model performance, was used for identifying the major factors associated with VMS. Results: In terms of the mean squared error, the random forest (0.9326) was much better than linear regression (12.4856) and artificial neural networks with one, two, and three hidden layers (1.5576, 1.5184, and 1.5833, respectively). Based on the variable importance from the random forest, the most important factors associated with VMS were age, menopause age, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and monocyte, triglyceride, gamma glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, cancer antigen 19-9, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Indeed, the following variables were ranked within the top 20 in terms of variable importance: cancer antigen 125, total cholesterol, insulin, free thyroxine, forced vital capacity, alanine aminotransferase, forced expired volume in 1 second, height, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Conclusion: Machine learning provides an invaluable decision support system for the prediction of VMS. For managing VMS, comprehensive consideration is needed regarding thyroid function, lipid profile, liver function, inflammation markers, insulin resistance, monocyte count, cancer antigens, and lung function.

행정정보공개제도 활성화에 관한 실증적 연구

류기진 한국정책개발학회 2003 정책개발연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 논문은 우리나라에 정보공개법이 시행된지 5년이경과하였으므로 이 시점에서 그동안의 행정정보공개제도 운영결과를 분석 검토하고, 시민과 공무원들을 상대로 설문조사를 실시하여 현행 행정정보공개제도의 그 개선방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구결과 그동안 시민들의 관심이 높아지고 정보공개청구 건수도 꾸준히 큰 폭으로 증가하는 등 긍정적인 면도 없지 않으나, 질적인 면에서 시민들의 만족도는 높지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 현행 행정정보공개제도의 활성화와 시민들의 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 제도적으로 불명확한 비공개대상 정보범위의 축소 및 구체화, 정보공개여부 결정기간 단축, 과다한 정보공개 수수료 개선, 정보공개심의회 외부위원 확대, 부당한 정보공개 부작위에 대한 벌칙조항 마련 등이 필요하고, 운영면에서는 시민들이 행정정보공개제도를 바르게 인식하고 활용하도록 대중매체와 공공기관의 인터넷홈페이지 등을 이용한 홍보를 강화하고, 공무원들이 적극적이고 정확한 내용의 정보를 제공하도록 의식전환 교육을 강화하며, 공개정보의 신뢰성을 위해 원본문서를 공개할 수 있도록 문서보존형태를 다양화하고, 시민들이 해당기관을 방문하지 않고도 컴퓨터통신을 이용하여 정보공개를 청구하고, 청구한 정보도 받아볼 수 있도록 전자적 정보공개를 확대하는 것이 필요하다.

사회연결망 분석을 이용한 컨테이너 정기선 항로 패턴 분석에 관한 연구 : 부산항을 중심으로

류기진,남형식,조상호,류동근 한국항해항만학회 2018 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.42 No.6

The port industry is an important national industry which significantly affects Korea’s imports and exports which are centered on economic structure. For instance, the Port of Busan, which handles 75% of domestic container freight volume, is expected to become increasingly critical for container liner routes. For this reason, there have been continued efforts to expand freight service to attract international freight volume. This study analyzes the structural characteristics of the port network connected to the Port of Busan by analyzing the pattern of the container liner route from 2012 to 2016 by using social network analysis. According to the Port of Busan’s liner route network, the port with the highest degree of centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality was found to be the Port of Singapore. The comparison of Busan’s annual container handling rank by countries and the port center network analysis of Port of Busan rank was found to be different. As a result, it was established that China's East Port, which occupies a high percentage of the volume of cargo handled by Port of Busan, is not a hub port of Busan when viewed on the Busan's container terminal liner network. In addition, even if the number of Port of Busan container liner service increases, it is estimated that the vessels to be added to the fleet will be limited to small to medium sized, or that Busan port has characteristic of a feeder port for the Port of Singapore, according to the network. 항만산업은 수출입 중심인 우리나라의 경제구조에서 중요한 국가기간산업이라 할 수 있다. 특히 국내 컨테이너 물동량의 75%를 처리하는 부산항은 지속적으로 글로벌 선사 물동량 유치를 위해 정기선 항로 서비스를 확대하는 노력 등 컨테이너 정기선 항로에 대한 중요도가 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 사회연결망 분석을 활용하여 2012년부터 2016년까지 부산항을 기항하는 컨테이너 정기선 항로 패턴 분석을 통해 세계 주요항만과의 중심성을 파악하여 부산항과 연결되어 있는 항만 네트워크의 구조적인 특성을 파악하였다. 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 항로 네트워크상에 연결정도 중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성이 높은 항만은 싱가포르항으로 분석되었으며, 실제 연도별 부산항 주요 국가 항만별 처리물동량 순위와 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 항로 네트워크 중심성 분석 결과 간 순위 비교는 서로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 부산항 처리 물동량의 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 중국 동부항만이 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 네트워크상에서 보았을 때 부산항의 허브항으로 보기 어렵다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 부산항 컨테이너 정기선 서비스 항로 수는 증가하더라도 해당 항로에 투입되는 선박이 중소형으로 한정되어 있거나 네트워크상 부산항이 싱가포르항 기항을 위한 피더항(Feeder Port)의 성격을 띄고 있는 것으로 추정된다.

성인여성 예방접종 진료권고안

류기진 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

Risk of type 2 diabetes is increased in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Study

류기진 ( Ki-jin Ryu ),( Min Sun Kim ),( Hyun Kyun Kim ),( Yong Jin Kim ),( Kyong Wook Yi ),( Jung Ho Shin ),( Jun Young Hur ),( Tak Kim ),( Hyuntae Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean women. Design: Longitudinal case-control study. Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): PCOS patients aged 15 to 44 years (n = 1,136) and control individuals (n = 5,675), matched 1:5 by age group, income, and region of residence. Intervention(s): Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s): The occurrence of T2DM. Result(s): In the PCOS and control groups, 15.7% and 14.4%, respectively, were obese (body mass index ≥R25 kg/m²). The incidence rate of T2DM was 15.84/1,000 and 5.80/1,000 person-years in the PCOS and control groups, respectively. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of T2DM in women with PCOS was 2.6-fold higher than that in control individuals. Women with PCOS still had a higher HR of T2DM than did control individuals after adjustment for body mass index, family history of T2DM, physical exercise level, and total cholesterol. PCOS was significantly associated with T2DM in women both with and without obesity. Conclusion(s): PCOS is independently associated with an increased incidence of T2DM in both obese and nonobese women. Screening for T2DM should be considered for both obese and nonobese women with PCOS in Korea. (Fertil Steril® 2021;115:1569-75. ⓒ 2020 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) El resumen está disponible en Español al final del artículo.

RE-07 : Estrogen, energy intake, body composition, and glucose metabolism

박현태,류기진,최정민,명수민,장항용,이경욱,김용진,신정호,허준용,김탁 대한산부인과학회 2014 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.100 No.-

목적: As women enter menopause, there is a decline in circulating estrogens. This is accompanied by alterations in energy homeostasis that result in increases in intraabdominal body fat. In animals, ovariectomy (OVX) leads to increased adiposity that is prevented by estrogen replacement. We generated various estrogen sufficient and deficient models to investigate the effects of estrogen on energy intake, body composition, and glucose metabolism. 방법: We randomized C57BL/6 J male, non-ovariectomized female, ovariectomized female, and ovariectomized female mice supplemented with 17β estradiol to receive normal CHOW or a high-fat diet (10-20 mice per group). We generated chemically- induced menopause model by injecting GnRH agonist. We measured weight gained, calories consumed, percent body fat, adipocyte size, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 결과: Male mice had a higher susceptibility to obesity than intact female mice. However, removal of the ovaries in female mice eliminated the protection to obesity and estrogen supplementation restored this protection. Estrogen supplementation reduced food intake. So, Pair-feeding strategy was performed to eliminate effect on energy intake of estrogen. NMR showed that estrogen supplementation decreased fat mass and increased lean body mass. There was no difference of OGTT between estrogen group and vehicle group. Chemically-induced menopause model shows that physiological estrogen also affects energy intake and body composition. 결론: Estrogen protects female mice from obesity and preserves lean body mass. However, estrogen supplementation neither improves nor aggravates glucose metabolism in our model.

Body fat distribution and insulin resistance among Korean middle-aged women: a Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

이새미,류기진,손세림,이연주,박현태,김탁 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.5

ObjectiveTo evaluate menopause-related changes in body fat distribution and their relationship with insulin resistance in middleagedKorean women. MethodsWe analyzed women aged 40-60 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conductedfrom 2008 to 2011. Body fat was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was assessed usingthe homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ResultsAmong 3,468 participants, menopausal women (n=1,489) had a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher trunk, arm,and head fat percentages than premenopausal women (n=1,979). However, no significant difference was found in theleg fat percentage according to menopausal status. Multivariable regression analysis for HOMA-IR showed that trunk fatpercentage, BMI, and waist circumference positively correlated with insulin resistance and leg fat percentage negativelycorrelated after adjusting for several confounding factors, whereas menopausal status was not associated with HOMAIR. ConclusionMiddle-aged women not only have different body weights and BMI but also have different body fat distributionsaccording to menopausal status. Each fat percentage change in the trunk and leg is differently associated with metabolichealth, particularly insulin resistance. To evaluate the metabolic health of middle-aged women, BMI is generally noted;however, body fat distribution, which can be easily assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, should also beconsidered.

단계적 회귀분석과 인공신경망 모형을 이용한 광양항 석탄·철광석 물동량 예측력 비교 분석

조상호,남형식,류기진,류동근 한국항해항만학회 2020 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.44 No.3

It is very important to forecast freight volume accurately to establish major port policies and future operation plans. Thus, related studies are being conducted because of this importance. In this paper, stepwise regression analysis and artificial neural network model were analyzed to compare the predictive power of each model on Gwangyang Port, the largest domestic port for coal and iron ore transportation. Data of a total of 121 months January 2009-January 2019 were used. Factors affecting coal and iron ore trade volume were selected and classified into supply-related factors and market/economy-related factors. In the stepwise regression analysis, the tonnage of ships entering the port, coal price, and dollar exchange rate were selected as the final variables in case of the Gwangyang Port coal volume forecasting model. In the iron ore volume forecasting model, the tonnage of ships entering the port and the price of iron ore were selected as the final variables. In the analysis using the artificial neural network model, trial-and-error method that various Hyper-parameters affecting the performance of the model were selected to identify the most optimal model used. The analysis results showed that the artificial neural network model had better predictive performance than the stepwise regression analysis. The model which showed the most excellent performance was the Gwangyang Port Coal Volume Forecasting Artificial Neural Network Model. In comparing forecasted values by various predictive models and actually measured values, the artificial neural network model showed closer values to the actual highest point and the lowest point than the stepwise regression analysis. 항만의 주요 정책 및 향후 운영계획 수립 시 정확한 물동량 예측에 관한 연구는 매우 중요하며 이러한 중요성으로 인해 관련 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 최대 석탄 및 철광석 처리 항만인 광양항을 대상으로 단계적 회귀분석과 인공신경망모형을 활용하여 모형간 예측력을 비교하였다. 2009년 1월부터 2019년 1월까지 총 121개월의 월별자료를 활용하였으며 석탄 및 철광석 물동량에 영향을 주는 요인을 선정하여 공급관련요인과 시장·경제관련요인으로 분류하였다. 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 광양항 석탄 물동량 예측모형의 경우, 입항선박 톤수, 석탄가격 및 대미환율이 최종변수로 선정되었고 철광석 물동량 예측모형의 경우, 입항선박 톤수, 철광석가격이 최종변수로 선정되었다. 인공신경망모형의 경우, 모델 성능에 영향을 미치는 다양한 Hyper-parameters를 조정하며 최적 모델을 선정하는 시행착오법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 인공신경망모형이 단계적 회귀분석에 비해 우수한 예측성능을 나타내었으며 예측 모형별 예측값과 실측값을 그래프 상 비교 시에도 인공신경망모형이 단계적 회귀분석에 비해 고·저점을 유사하게 나타냈다.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Tibolone and Transdermal Estrogen in Treating Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women

Hyun Kyun Kim,Sung Hye Jeon,류기진,Tak Kim,Hyuntae Park 대한폐경학회 2019 대한폐경학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of tibolone and transdermal estrogen in treating menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. Methods: Overall, 26 women consumed tibolone orally and 31 women received transdermal estrogen gel mixed with progestogen. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was used to assess their menopausal symptoms at their first outpatient visit and 6 months later. Results: The transdermal estrogen group showed significant improvements in more items of the MRS questionnaire. There was a favorable change in body weight in the transdermal estrogen group compared with that in the tibolone group. Depressive mood, irritability, physical and mental exhaustion, sexual and bladder problems, and joint and muscular discomfort improved only in the transdermal estrogen group, whereas heart discomfort and vaginal dryness improved only in the tibolone group. Nevertheless, the intergroup differences in each item were insignificant after adjusting for body mass index and hypertension, which differed before treatment. Conclusions: Both the therapeutic options improved menopausal symptoms within 6 months of use. However, transdermal estrogen appeared to be more effective in preventing weight gain in menopausal women than tibolone.