http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김택민(Kim, Talk Min) 동양사학회 2014 東洋史學硏究 Vol.127 No.-
Sui Wendi(隋文帝) had sent a message to the king of Koguryo(高句麗) which criticized them for not paying true respect to the emperor and at the same time he threatened them if this disrespect continues they will be punished by force. But to say that not paying true respect as a vassal was only a excuse for invasion and in fact, tension was growing earlier between the two states for control over surrounding tribes such as the Mohes(Malgals: 靺鞨) and Khitans(契丹). So already the mood of conflict was heightened and war was inevitable. The war between the two states seems to be started by a preemptive strike from the Koguryo but actually the massive assault from the Sui Empire that followed was prepared long before. It seems Sui Wendi evaluated Koguryo to be an easy foe so he believed that whenever they should attack they will overcome. Past days he had beaten the Turks(突闕) and Tuyuhun(吐谷渾), brought the Chen(陳) Dynasty to its end and unified China. Therefore he underestimated Koguryo by appointing an inexperienced general and the campaign was ill-prepared. The war was already lost before it was fought. Sui Yangdi(隋煬帝) had learnt from his father’s failure so he wanted sufficient preparation to gain an outstanding victory that will be a historical achievement which none other was successful having. Sui Yangdi’s invasion on Koguryo in C.E 612 was prepared from C.E 607, but we can say that in Yangdi’s mind it was thought of long before that. However the outcome of the well prepared invasion of Koguryo which the empire mobilized 11.3million men was a disastrous defeat and not only Sui Yangdi was murdered, the Sui Empire itself had collapsed to it’s end. It was true that Koguryo’s population was only one fifth of the Sui Empire’s and Sui Yangdi talking about “Koguryo’s population is lesser than our single county’s(Jun: 郡),” was not exaggerated, but the cost of losing to that small state was absolutely devastating. We can state that the tribes situated at the political boundaries of the two sides made a vital role on the dynamics between Koguryo and the Sui Empire. But despite all that, still Sui’s national power was much bigger than the total of Koguryo and it’s friendly neighbours. Sui had occupied the most fertile plains in the world of that time so their population was huge and their national wealth was plenty. On the other hand, Koguryo and it’s neighbours were located at barren grasslands or mountain areas so their men were few and they were poorly financed. Nevertheless the Sui Empire’s constant full scale invasions have all failed. This means that there were other factors that decided the regional dynamics in seventh century East Asia which cannot be explained only by comparing national powers of the two sides. The climate and natural characteristics of the lands were all important factors. Also when the Chinese had to assault the north they needed much workforce to carry their war supplies. However the defenders never needed such kind of workforce so they succeeded defending their territories with a relatively small army and a much weaker national power.
김재홍 ( Kim Jae Hong ),남민식 ( Nam Min Sik ),윤성철 ( Jo Gyu Sung ),손수길 ( Kim Taek Min ),조규성 ( Son Su Gi ),김택민 ( Yoon Sung Chul ),황영섭 ( Hwang Young Sup ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.2
본 프로젝트팀에서 개발한 ‘VTK,(Virtual Training by Kinect)는 아이부터 노인까지 모든 연령이 이용 가능한 기능성 게임으로써 동작인식 컨트롤러인 키넥트를 이용하여 불필요한 장비가 없이 동작인식을 통해 인터페이스가 가능하게 했다. 주요기능은 평가와 트레이닝,통계분석 세 가지로 이루어져 있다. 사용자는 6분 걷기와 폐안시 외발서기를 통해 개인별 심폐지구력과 평형감각 수준을 알 수 있으며 조깅과 인라인 스케이트를 통해 기능 향상을 위한 트레이닝을 할 수 있다. 통계분석은 별도의 응용프로 그램을 통해 확인 할 수 있다. 성장하고 있는 기능성 게임 시장에 새로운 방향성 제시를 목표로 하였다.
Stem-loop RT-qPCR 분석법을 이용한 siRNA 치료제의 생체시료 분석법 검증 및 약물 동태학적 분석
김혜정(Hye Jeong Kim),김택민(Taek Min Kim),김홍중(Hong Joong Kim),정헌순(Hun Soon Jung),이승호(Seung Ho Lee) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.6
본 연구는 siRNA 기반 치료제등의 핵산치료제 개발에 있어서 필수적인 약물의 생체내 흡수, 분포, 대사, 배설에 대한 동태의 확인을 위해 stem-loop RT-qPCR 법을 이용하여 보다 더 정확한 시험법을 확립하고자 하였다. siRNA에 특이적인 primer와 probe를 선별하여 siRNA 정량검출 시험법을 최적화하였다. siRNA 표준시료를 이용하여 최적화된 시험법을 적용하였을 때 siRNA 표준시료에 대한 Cp 값(y)간의 선형분석 결과, 기울기 평균 -3.3, 결정계수 R2>0.99으로 확인되어 siRNA 표준시료와 Cp 값 간의 회귀성이 매우 높아 정량 분석이 가능한 시험법임을 확인하였고, 같은 표준시료를 이용한 stem-loop RT-qPCR의 검출한계(LOD)는 10 fM, 최소정량한계(LLOQ)는 100 fM이었다. 확립된 시험법의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위해 시험자를 다르게 하고, 시험법을 3회 반복하여 각각 진행한 결과, siRNA 표준시료에 대한 Cp 값(y)간의 선형분석 결과 기울기와 결정계수 R2의 재현성(slope ± -3.2, 결정계수 R2>0.99)을 확인하였고, 표준 곡선으로부터 환산된 siRNA 표준시료의 회수율(recovery ± 20%)과 완건성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 확립된 stem-loop RT-qPCR을 생체내 존재하는 약물 검증에 적용할 수 있는지 확인하기 위하여 시험동물에 siRNA를 주입 후 시간별 혈액을 채취하여 확립된 시험법으로 시험을 진행하였고 약물 동태학적 분석을 통해 siRNA치료제의 혈액내의 안정성을 확인하였다. 따라서 본연구에서 개발된 stem-loop RT-qPCR분석법은 정확성, 정밀성 및 민감도가 높은 분석법으로 핵산치료제 개발 연구의 다양한 생체시료 분석 연구에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The first small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S., and the demand for a new RNA therapeutics bioanalysis method—which is essential for pharmacokinetics, including the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of siRNA therapeutics—is rapidly increasing. The stem-loop real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) assay is a useful molecular technique for the identification and quantification of small RNA (e.g., micro RNA and siRNA) and can be applied for the bioanalysis of siRNA therapeutics. When the anti-HPV E6/E7 siRNA therapeutic was used in preclinical trials, the established stem-loop RT-qPCR assay was validated. The limit of detection was sensitive up to 10 fM and the lower limit of quantification up to 100 fM. In fact, the reliability of the established test method was further validated in three intra assays. Here, the correlation coefficient of R2>0.99, the slope of -3.10 ~ -3.40, and the recovery rate within ±20% of the siRNA standard curve confirm its excellent robustness. Finally, the circulation profiles of siRNAs were demonstrated in rat serum, and the pharmacokinetic properties of the anti-HPV E6/E7 siRNA therapeutic were characterized using a stem-loop RT-qPCR assay. Therefore, the stemloop RT-qPCR assay enables accurate, precise, and sensitive siRNA duplex quantification and is suitable for the quantification of small RNA therapeutics using small volumes of biological samples.