TMD체계와 동아시아 안보질서

김우상(金宇祥) 한국전략문제연구소 2001 전략연구 Vol.8 No.3

Ⅰ.Introdution Since the end of the Cold war, the international system is led by the United States. This current system is called the "pax American" or at least considered the U.S.-centered system. The recently inaugurated U.S. President George W. Bush has emphasized that the United States would make every effort to maintain its hegemonic, stable international order and pursue the national missile defense(NMD)and the theater missile defense(TMD)program. Ⅱ. National Missile Defense and Theater Missile Defense Within the U.S. Department of Defence, the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization is responsible for managing, directing, and executing the U.S. ballistic missile defense program. The U.S. has adopted the concept of "layered defense." National missile defense for the entire U.S. homeland constitutes one layer. A second layer consists of upper-tier system for theater or regional defense, including THAAD and NTW. Below this layer is a lower-tier for area defense, including PAC-3 and Navy Area Program. Ⅲ. U.S. NMD and TMD Strategy According to the power transition theory, when a declining dominant power is challenged by rapidly growing and dissatisfied great power war between the relatively declining hegemonic power and the rapidly increasing challenger is most likely. Relative power changes among those hegemonic power and other great powers in the system occur incrementally in a 20 to 30 year period and are hardly noticed by the members of the system. When the overtaking of the hegemonic power by a rapidly growing challenging power is at its last stage, the declining hegemonic power begins to recognize the potential challenge and tries to rebuild its own hegemonic power position in the system. According to the hegemonic stability theory, that kind of efforts by the declining hegemonic power is not so successful and the declining dominant power and its challenger usually ends up with a hegemonic war. The power transition and hegemonic stability theories that the best way for the hegemonic power to keep stable international system is to maintain preponderance in power over any potential challenger. The United States considers blocking the proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction, eliminating the possibility of the advent of regional hegemon, and maintaining and spreading free market system and democracy in the system as its vital national interests. The U.S., with its NMD and TMD program, will not only check potential challenge by China in East Asia and by Russia in the Eurasia but prepare in advance for preponderance in power over any potential challenger. The U.S. has introduced Japan to its TMD R&D and expects South Korea to participate in its TMD program as well. The U.S. considers to provide the TMD system to Taiwan. This effort by the indicates its will to maintain the hegemonic stability in the years to come. Ⅳ. Responses to NMD and TMD Program Most of major powers in the system against the NMD and TMD program. China is strongly against the TMD program. First of all, China worries about the Taiwan's involvement in the TMD program. China is also threatened by the fact that Japan's participation in the TMD R&D may promote its remilitarization. Russia is strongly against NMD and TMD program and threatens the U.S. that in case the U.S. keeps on pursuing NMD and TMD program Russia may abrogate the ABM treaty. Even the NATO members such as France, Germany, and Great Britain do not support the U.S. NMD and TMD program. South Korea has already declared that it is not interested in participating in TMD program. Only Taiwan shows a strong interest in participating in TMD program. Ⅴ. TMD and South Korea's Strategy The South Korean government has already announced that the ROK military dose not plan to participate in the U.S. TMD program. While acknowledging South Korea's vulnerability to a North Korean missile attack, the South Korean military notes high cost and limited military effectiveness of TMD systems for South Korea's purposes. Indeed, the proximity of Seoul to the DMZ makes South Korea's capital extremely vulnerable to long-range artillery. The South Korean government thinks that under these circumstances TMD transfers to South Korea are not a compelling requirement. However, as is mentioned above, the U.S. is determined to purse NMD and TMD program and will ask its alliance, including South Korea, to participate in TMD program. The South Korea government should prepare for a reasonable plan for burden sharing without being dragged into TMD program. It may be easy to misunderstand that the U.S. TMD program is targeted at the North Korean missile development program. Even if North Korea decides to abandon its missile development program, the U.S. will not give up its TMD program. For the U.S. TMD program not to lead to a new Cold War type of bipolar competition in East Asia, South Korea, Japan and the U.S. should collaborate tightly on TMD issue. Finally, Japan's participation in TMD program should be as transparent as possible and the U.S. should not provide TMD systems to Taiwan. The U.S. and Japan should find these kinds of ways to reduce Chinese and Russian levels of threat perception on the their joint TMD program.

미·중 대결구도하 한국의 안보전략

김우상(金宇祥) 한국전략문제연구소 2001 전략연구 Vol.8 No.2

In this paper, I have speculated the future regional security structure based on the 'China factor' and the 'America factor.' All four scenarios seem plausible. First of all, the power transition scenario is very likely to become the reality in the 21st century. To prevent major war between the PRC and the U.S. which could easily escalate to the World War Ⅲ and to maintain regional stability in the 21st century, therefore, the current hegemonic power should make every effort to keep preponderance in power over any potential challenger. For the United States one way of managing to maintain preponderance in power is to keep status quo in its alliance policy, i.e., to maintain its military ties with the European allies through North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), with Japan, and with Korea. That is, the United States - Japan and the U.S. - Korea alliance ties are very important for the regional stability. As long as the United States keeps its ties both with Japan and with Korea, any potential challenger including China must be uneasy about challenging the United States and its allies. So far as Japan keeps its ties with the U.S., one of the potential challengers, Russia, will be in no position to challenge the U.S. - Japan alliance, either. South Korea or unified Korea will be indispensable for both the United States and Japan's security structure in the 21st century. Unified Korea alone may not have enough capabilities to pause any threat against any neighboring country. However, by allying with the U.S. unified Korea will playa crucial role on suppressing the possibility of the advent of the non-democratic regional hegemon and thus keeping democratic institutions in the region. Maintaining and spreading democracy in the region are two of the most important goals of the United States and Japan. So, for both countries the U. S. alliance ties with Korea even after Korea is unified match very well with their national interests. In case the U.S. decides to bandwagon to the rising revisionist China, Korea is highly likely to bandwagon to the PRC as well The U.S. policy of isolationism and of bandwagoning to the PRC will then encourage Japan's militarism and this kind of situation could lead to regional hegemonic war between the PRC and Japan. So, to prevent this kind of scenario from becoming the reality, Japan will need strong ties both with the U.S. and with Korea. If the PRC fails to overtake the U.S. in its national capabilities, then the hegemonic stability scenario is most likely to become the reality. In this case, the U.S. will be very likely to maintain the status quo in its alliance policy. Although keeping Japan as its only regional ally may be enough for its regional security structure, the U.S. will be better off not severing ties with Korea because in three other scenarios Korea will always be the strategically important partner for the U.S. In case China fails to catch up with the U.S. and the U.S. decides to take the policy of splendid isolation in the region, Korea's role will become very important. Surrounded by the balance of power system among three regional powers - the PRC, Japan and Russia, and the U.S. which will play the role of the balancer, Korea may remain as a buffer state. Or Korea could even play the role of the pivotal partner. Theoretically, the balance of power system is a very unstable system. That is, although there is no war among competing powers at the moment a slight tip of the balance among them would lead to major conflict. So, all these powers would be interested in having good relations with relatively weak Korea. In any coalition formation, the greater the necessity to include a player in a coalition in order to make it a winning one, the greater that players pivotal role. Despite the pivotal players relatively small resource base, the player is as valuable a member of a coalition as any other major power member and can rationally demand a payoff as big as any other major power member might demand. In the balance of power scenario, Korea may be able to play the role of the pivotal partner in the Northeast Asian security structure. The Korean peninsula is geopolitically and strategically important for all the neighboring major powers including the U.S. None of them will be willing to let any other take control over the peninsula. So, Korea is in a good position to play the role of pivotal partner. Not only three neighboring powers - Japan, China, and Russia, but also the U.S. will be very much interested in maintaining strong ties with Korea in the balance of power situation. For the U.S. which takes the policy of splendid isolation keeping ties only with Korea may be the best way for itself to be efficiently and minimally involved with the regional politics and to secure its national interests in the region without directly involved with any major powers in the region. What about Korea's interest of maintaining its alliance ties only with the United States? First of all, declaring neutrality is not a good idea at all. Geopolitically, neutral Korea does not seem to be plausible. It is not a good strategy, either. Why take the passive position while Korea could play an active role of pivotal partner? Forming a bilateral alliance with any neighboring country is not a good idea for Korea, either. Historically speaking, contiguous countries, whether they are allies or not, used to be involved in the territorial disputes. Therefore, when relatively weaker Korea allies with a neighboring great power, Korea may one day end up losing a part of its territory through territorial disputes or war with the neighboring great power. So, if Korea had to form a bilateral alliance, the partner should at least satisfy the following three criteria: first, it should be a country far away from this region or at least a country that does not share border with Korea. Second, that country must have strong national interests in the region so that in case of emergency that country is willing to fight in support of Korea. Third, that country must be strong enough to mobilize its troop in a short period of time to the region. At this moment, the country that satisfies these criteria must be the United States. I also believe that three countries, Korea, the United States, and Japan have enough reasons to support the existing alliance relations. As I have explained above, in the power transition scenario, the U.S. need Japan and Korea. In the bandwagoning scenario, Japan will desperately need the U.S. and Korea as its alliance partners. In the balance of power scenario, both the U.S. and Japan will need strong ties with Korea while Korea will need the U.S. support. In the hegemonic stability scenario, Korea will be better off maintaining the status quo alliance relations. In sum, all these scenarios suggest that the U.S. - Japan and the U.S. - Korea military alliance should be the main framework for the 21st century security order in Northeast Asia. Finally, Korea, together with the United States and Japan, must make every effort to induce China to open up so that China can adopt a more democratic and free-market oriented system. As long as China becomes more democratic, even when the power transition situation occurs between China and the United States and its allies, the transition period can be peaceful.

한·미 동맹의 이론적 재고

김우상 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2004 한국과 국제정치 Vol.20 No.1

The ROK(the Republic of Korea)-US alliance, signed in 1953, is a typical asymmetric and autonomy-security trade-off alliance type. Although the national capability of South Korea and its role as the alliance partner since 1953 have been increased drastically, the ROK-US alliance has maintained its original format. Alliance theorists point out that alliances that are formed a long time ago are less reliable. When alliance partners perceive their common threat differently, or when there have been changes in the components of major players in the societies, or when there has been regime changes or governance changes in one of the alliance partners, or when the existing alliance becomes a domestic political issue, the existing alliance relationship is likely to be in danger. As long as there is an uncertainty in the future security environment around the Korean peninsula, the ROK-US alliance is necessary for both alliance partners. Both governments must overcome these potential negative factors that might harm the alliance relationship and prepare the future plan for a constructive and comprehensive alliance relationship.

Power transition theory and the rise of China

김우상,스캇게이츠 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2015 International Area Studies Review Vol.18 No.3

Does the rise of China inexorably anticipate the onset of global instability or even a great power war? Today, routine comparisons are made between a rising China with that of Germany over 100 years ago. Organski, in his original explication of power transition theory, however, was far more cautious. Despite predicting the remarkable rise of China nearly 60 years ago in his book (1958), World Politics, Organski was circumspect in predicting a great power war involving China and the United States. This article examines the development of power transition theory by a variety of scholars since Organski. We draw on these developments of power transition theory to analyze the implications of the rise of China. We also introduce the other articles that compose this Special Issue of International Area Studies Review on power transition theory and the rise of China.

세력전이와 동아시아 안보질서에 관한 경험적 연구

김우상(Woosang Kim) 한국정치학회 2002 한국정치학회보 Vol.35 No.4

본 연구에서는 1860년부터 1993년까지의 경험적 연구를 통하여 동아시아 지역국가들과 주변 강대국들 간에 일어날 수 있는 분쟁 가능성에 대해서 세력전이 이론적 시각에서 분석하였다. 리로지트 모델을 사용하여 얻은 본 연구의 경험적 연구 결과는 국제정치 현상을 이해하는 데 고려해야 할 세 가지 요소인 기회, 의지 및 인식과 오인과 관련된 변수들의 중요성을 재확인시켜 준다. 동맹관계를 고려한 후, 세력전이가 일어날 때 나타나는 국가들 간의 국력 균형, 국가들 간의 체제 내 질서에 대한 불만족도, 국력 증대 속도의 차이와 관련된 가설들이 경험적으로 검증되었다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 21세기 동아시아 지역의 국력분포의 변화, 동맹관계 등이 동아시아 지역질서의 안정과 평화를 설명하고 예측하는 데 핵심적인 변수로 간주되어진다. ??In this research I examine the likelihood of war in East Asia from the mid-nineteenth century to the present to see if the power transition theoretical argument holds for the conflicts occurring in East Asia. Findings of this study show that conflicts in East Asia occur under the same general conditions that lead to war in the international system. That is, power transitions heighten the risk of war in the regional, as well as the global context. Contrary to the original power transition argument, I also show that the role of alliances is crucial to mitigating or militating the risk of war.

현실주의와 자유주의 시각에 바탕을 둔 전쟁원인 연구

김우상 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1995 한국과 국제정치 Vol.11 No.2

몰입형 가상현실의 아바타 디자인 특성에 관한 연구

김우상(Kim, Woo Sang),나건(Nah, Ken) 한국디자인문화학회 2018 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 몰입형 가상현실과 소셜가상현실 사용자 경험을 고찰하고, 몰입형 소셜가상현실의 아바타 특성을 도출하는데 있다. 또한 도출된 특성을 바탕으로 새로운 커뮤니케이션 환경을 위한 아바타 디자인 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학술연구정보 DB를 사용하여 국내외 학술논문 및 도서/출판물 등 문헌조사를 통한 고찰 및 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 내용과 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소셜가상현실은 공유가상환경(The Shared Virtual Environment) 이라는 특성을 가지며, 공유가상환경을 경험하는 사용자는 다른 존재와 함께 있다는 공존감(The Sense of Togetherness)을 느끼게 된다. 둘째, 몰입형 소셜가상현실과 사용자 경험의 속성을 종합적으로 분석하여 아바타 디자인의 특성을 시각적(Visual) 특성과 비-시각적(Non-Visual) 특성으로 분류하였다. 시각적(Visual) 특성에는 아바타의 개인화(Identity of Avatar), 몸동작과 얼굴표정(Gesture and Facial Expression), 아바타의 상태표현(Display of Status)이 포함되었으며, 비-시각적(Non-Visual) 특성은 촉각적 상호작용 구현(Embodiment of Tactual Interaction), 오디오(Audio) 가 도출되었다. 셋째, 도출된 아바타 디자인 특성을 고려하여 몰입형 소셜가상현실 아바타 디자인의 방향을 세가지로 제시하였다. 첫째, 인간 간 이루어지는 시각적 상호작용을 반영한 아바타 외형 디자인과 애니메이션이 구현되어야 한다. 몰입형 소셜가상현실의 상호작용에서 아바타의 자연스러운 몸동작과 얼굴표정은 사용자의 공존감과 현전감을 크게 촉진시키기 때문이다. 둘째, 다양한 채널(Channel)을 통한 상호작용 기능들을 고려해야 한다. 아바타 간 다양한 채널을 통한 상호작용은 대화 중 많은 정보와 의미를 전달하고, 가상의 아바타를 실제 살아있는 대화상대로 인식하게 한다. 셋째, 아바타와 가상환경 간 상호작용의 특성이 아바타 디자인에 반영되어야 한다. 소셜가상현실에서 한 사용자의 행동으로 환경이 변화될 경우, 그 변화를 인지한 다른 참여자는 다른 존재와 함께 있다는 공존감과 현전감을 더욱 크게 느끼게 된다. 본 연구가 몰입형 소셜가상현실을 위한 아바타 개발과 아바타를 통해 새로운 커뮤니케이션 환경을 경험하는 사용자의 만족도를 높이고 소셜가상환경의 긍정적 효과 증대를 위한 학술적 · 이론적 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate immersive virtual reality and social virtual reality user experience and to derive the avatar characteristics of immersive social virtual reality. It also wanted to present avatar design directions for new communication environments based on its proprieties. For this purpose, a review and analysis was carried out through a literature survey, such as domestic and overseas academic papers and bookpublishes, using the Academic Research Database. Research findings and results are as follows. First, social virtual reality has the characteristic of shared virtual environment, and the user experiencing shared virtual environment feels coexistence with other existence. Second, the characteristics of avatar designs were classified into visual and non-visual characteristics by a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of immersion social virtual reality and user experiences. Visual characteristics included personalization, body language, facial expressions, and status of avatars ; non-visual characteristics were derived from tactile interactions, and audio. Third, the direction of immersive social virtual reality avatar design is proposed in consideration of the derived avatar design characteristics. First, Avatar exterior design and animation should be implemented reflecting visual interactions between humans. This is because the natural gestures and facial expressions of the avatars in the immersive social virtual reality interaction greatly promote the sense of coexistence and sense of the user. Second, Interaction functions through various channels should be considered. The interaction between avatars over different channels conveys a great deal of information and meaning during the conversation, and makes the virtual avatar a real conversation partner. Third, The nature of the interaction between avatars and their virtual environments should be reflected in their designs. In social virtual reality, when the environment is changed by one user’s behavior, the other participants who perceive the change feel the coexistence and the sense of presence that they are with the other. The study could develop avatars for immersion social virtual reality and use them as academic and theoretical data to enhance the satisfaction of users who experience a new communication environment through avatars and to develop positive effects in social virtual environments.

대한민국의 중견국 공공외교

김우상(Woosang Kim) 한국정치정보학회 2013 정치정보연구 Vol.16 No.1

21세기 대한민국은 최근 날로 강화되고 있는 소프트 파워를 최대한 활용하여 성공적인 공공외교를 추진할 수 있어야 한다. 대한민국의 공공외교를 성공적으로 수행하기 위한 가장 효과적인 방안 중 하나가 바로 중견국 리더십을 발휘하는 것이다. 외교 스타일과 국력에 따라 중견국을 정의할 수 있지만, 대한민국은 ‘일반적 중견국’이 아니라 ‘중추적 중견국’ 역할을 수행할 수 있다. 인권, 인도적 지원, 지속가능한 발전, 기후변화, 녹색성장, 자연재해, 해적퇴치, 평화유지 등 인간안보와 관련된 인도주의적, 윤리적, 헌신적, 이타적, 평화애호적인 이슈에서 주도적 역할을 수행하는 것 자체가 바로 중추적 중견국으로서 성공적인 공공외교를 추진하는 것이다. 일반 대중 역시 각자 국민 외교관의 역할을 잘 수행할 수 있을 때 지구촌에서 많은 지한파, 친한파를 양성하는 계기를 마련할 수 있을 것이다. The Republic of Korea in the 21st century has to carry out successful public diplomacy with recently strengthened soft power. In fact, one of the best ways of conducting successful public diplomacy is to play the ‘pivotal middle power’ role in the global society. Based on the diplomatic style and the national capability, Korea must be one of the pivotal middle powers, not just an ordinary middle power. To take the leadership on such human security issues as human rights, humanitarian assistance, sustainable development, climate change, green growth, natural disaster, anti-piracy, peace-keeping is to carry out the successful public diplomacy as a pivotal middle power. Ordinary citizen should also be prepared to play the successful civic diplomat"s role so that Korea can make as many friends of Korea around the world.

실감미디어 유형의 개념적 프레임워크에 관한 연구

김우상,나건 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was conducted to present the framework of types of realistic media, and to study the characteristics by each type in the future and to establish the basis for defining the concept and attributes of realistic media. The scope of the research was firstly investigated in domestic and international journals, related to virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, hologram, 3DTV, and books. The conceptual model study of realistic media examined domestic and foreign academic papers focusing on virtual reality and augmented reality. The case study is based on the latest contents produced since 2015, both domestic and foreign cases. The research method is collecting and reviewing literature data in order to grasp the concept, type and attributes of realistic media. Also, domestic and foreign information DB and web search were conducted for case studies and data collection. It was developed as a conceptual framework by comprehensive analysis of the data. In addition, this study proposed the conceptual framework of sensible media by reconstructing The AIP-Cube developed by Zeltzer. The results of the study are as follows. First, the concept of realistic media was examined from a technical perspective and an empirical viewpoint. In sum, realistic media is a medium that reproduces all the sensory information as realistic and delivers it to the audience in order to maximize the user’s immersion feeling and presence in the mediated virtual environment. Second, the three axes of each element in the conceptual framework are derived from the form of content, sensory vividness, and interaction. Third, the conceptual framework represented by three axes is divided into 4 faces and divided into 8 types. The types of contents are 3D type and 2D type, sensory vividness is divided into high sensual reality and low sensual reality, and interaction is interaction and non– interaction. The attributes of each type are as follows: ① type has low sensory vividness, 3D type, interaction, ② type has high sensory vividness, 3D type, interactive, ③ type has low sensory vividness, 2D type, interaction, ④ type has high sensory vividness, 2D type, interaction, ⑤ type has high sensory vividness, 3D type, non-interaction, ⑥ type has low sensory vividness, 3D type, non-Interaction, ⑦ type has high sensory vividness, 2D type, non-interaction, ⑧ type has low sensory vividness, 2D type, non-interaction. Among these, ② type is the most developed type of realistic media, and it is a form of media that gives users high empirical satisfaction. On the other hand, Type ⑧ provides a relatively low level of experience satisfaction and includes the early stages of development of realistic media. Based on the conceptual framework of realistic media types derived from this study, It is expected to lead to research on content development that reflects the attributes of each type and how to use it by type. 본 연구는 실감미디어의 유형에 대한 프레임워크를제시하여 향후 각 유형별 실감미디어의 특성을 연구할 수 있고 이를 통해 실감미디어의 개념 및 특성을정의 할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구범위는 먼저, 실감미디어의 이론적 고찰을 위해가상현실, 증강현실, 혼합현실, 홀로그램, 3DTV 등과관련한 국내외 학술지 논문 및 학위논문들과 단행본들을 조사하였다. 실감미디어의 개념적 모델 연구는가상현실과 증강현실을 중심으로 국내외 학술논문들을 고찰하였다. 사례연구는 국내외의 사례들로 2015년이후 제작된 최신 콘텐츠들을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 연구방법은 실감미디어의 개념과 유형 및 특성을 파악하기 위해 문헌 자료들을 수집하고 고찰하였다. 또한, 사례연구 및 자료 수집을 위해 국내외 정보 DB 및 웹(Web) 검색이 이루어졌다. 이후 자료들을 종합적으로 분석하여 개념적 프레임워크를 개발하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 젤터(Zeltzer)가 개발한 The AIP-Cube 를 재구성하여 실감미디어의 개념적 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 연구결과를 제시하면 첫째, 실감미디어의 개념은 기술적 관점과 경험적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 종합하면실감미디어는 매개된 가상의 환경에서 사용자의 몰입감과 현존감을 극대화하기 위해 가능한 모든 감각정보를 수용자에게 전달하는 미디어라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 개념적 프레임워크에서 세 개의 축은 콘텐츠의 형태, 감각적 현실성, 상호작용 등으로 도출되었다. 셋째, 세 개의 축으로 나타난 개념적 프레임워크는각 6개의 면을 4개로 분할하여 8가지의 유형으로 분류하였다. 콘텐츠의 형태는 3D 입체형과 2D 평면형, 감각적 현실성은 높은 감각적 현실성과 낮은 감각적 현실성, 상호작용은 상호작용과 비-상호작용으로 나뉘었다. 각 유형별 속성은 ① 유형은 낮은 감각적 현실성, 3D 입체형, 상호작용, ② 유형은 높은 감각적 현실성, 3D 입체형, 상호작용, ③ 유형은 낮은 감각적 현실성, 2D 평면형, 상호작용, ④ 유형은 높은 감각적 현실성, 2D 평면형, 상호작용, ⑤ 유형은 높은 감각적 현실성과, 3D 입체형, 비-상호작용, ⑥ 유형은 낮은 감각적현실성, 3D 입체형, 비-상호작용, ⑦ 유형은 높은 감각적 현실성, 2D 평면형, 비-상호작용, ⑧ 유형은 낮은감각적 현실성, 2D 평면형, 비-상호작용 등으로 나타났다. 이들 중 ② 유형이 가장 발전된 형태의 실감미디어로 사용자에게 높은 경험적 만족을 준다. 반면, ⑧ 번 유형은 비교적 낮은 수준의 경험 만족을 제공하며실감미디어의 발전 초기 단계의 것들이 포함된다. 본 연구에서 도출된 실감미디어 유형의 개념적 프레임워크를 기반으로 각 유형별 특성을 반영한 콘텐츠 개발과 유형별 활용 방안에 관한 연구로 이어지길기대한다.

현전감을 반영한 가상⋅증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인에 관한 연구

김우상(Kim, Woo Sang),나건(Nah, Ken) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 가상·증강현실의 개념 및 현황을 파악하고 현전감 개념과 결정요소를 논의하여 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인의 방향성을 조망하고자 한다. 또한 향후 현전감을 반영한 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인을 위해 이론적이고 체계적인 학술 자료를 제공하고자 연구되었다. 연구 범위는 가상·증강현실의 개념 및 현황 파악, 현전감 개념과 결정요소 분석, 현전감 결정요소와 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인 간 연관성 파악을 위한 사례 분석이며, 이를 종합하여 현전감을 반영한 콘텐츠 디자인 방향성 논의로 결론에 이른다. 연구 방법은 국내외 정보 DB 및 웹(Web) 검색, 도서 출판물을 통한 논문, 단행본 등 문헌조사와 분석을 중심으로 하였다. 연구 내용과 결과는, 첫째, 가상·증강현실의 기술 중심적 관점은 가상·증강현실의 폭 넓은 적용을 막고, 경험적 가치를 제공하는 콘텐츠 개발에 통찰력을 제공하지 못하였다. 수용자가 환경에 몰입하게 만드는 현전감을 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인에 반영한다면 수용자에게 높은 경험적 가치를 제공하고 새로운 미디어 활용의 확대를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 현전감 결정요소에는 개인적 요소, 사회적 요소, 환경적 요소가 있다. 개인적 요소는 감각의 폭과 감각의 깊이를 포함한다. 감각의 폭에는 방향감각, 청각, 촉각, 미각과 후각, 시각이 있으며, 감각의 깊이에는 질, 밀도, 양이 있다. 사회적 요소는 즉시성, 친밀성, 공유성, 적극적 상호 작용성이며, 환경적 요소는 감각적 변화의 능력, 환경적 변화의 능력, 범위, 일치성, 속도 등이 있다. 셋째, 현전감을 반영한 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인의 방향을 제시하면, 먼저, 인간의 감각요소를 이해하고 이를 충족시켜야 한다. 수용자의 현전감 촉발에는 감각자극이 큰 요인이므로 감각요소에 대한 다각적, 심층적 이해가 필요하다. 다음으로, 커뮤니케이션의 구조적 특성을 고려한 상호작용 요소의 적용이 필요하다. 전통적 미디어와 가상·증강현실에서 각각 이루어지는 커뮤니케이션 속성의 차이를 충분히 인식하고, 현전감 향상을 위한 상호작용 요소를 반영해야 한다. 마지막으로, 수용자 경험을 중심으로 효율성과 적절성을 고려하여 현전감 결정요소를 반영해야 한다. 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 디자인에서 현전감의 결정요소를 동일하게 반영하는 것은 기술적 한계가 따른다. 콘텐츠의 목적과 컨셉에 맞는 요소를 선택하고, 이를 효율적으로 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구가 수용자의 경험적 가치를 고려한 가상·증강현실 콘텐츠 개발과 가상·증강현실의 대중적 보급확대를 위한 기초연구 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept and status of virtual·augmented reality, to discuss the presences concept and its determinants, to examine the virtual·augmented reality contents design direction, It has been studied to provide systematic academic data. The scope of the research is to understand the concept and status of virtual·augmented reality, to analyze the case to understand the relationship between the presence decision factor and the virtual·augmented reality contents design, and It is concluded by discussing the direction of contents design reflecting the presence The research method focused on the research and analysis through domestic and foreign information DB and web search, literature through book publications, and monographs. The contents and results of the research are as follows: First, the technology - oriented view of virtual·augmented reality prevents the broad application of virtual·augmented reality and fails to provide insight into content development that provides empirical value. Therefore, if presence that makes the audience immersed in the environment is reflected in the virtual·augmented reality contents design, it can provide high empirical value to the audience and can expect to expand the use of new media. Second, there are individual factors, social factors, and environmental factors in presence decision – making factors. Personal factors include the width of the senses and the depth of the senses. The width of the senses includes direction, hearing, tactile sensation, taste and smell, and vision, and the depth of sensation has quality, density and quantity. Social factors are immediacy, intimacy, sharing, and active interactivity. Environmental factors are the ability of sensory change, the ability of environmental change, scope, consistency, and speed. Third, when presenting the direction of virtual·augmented reality contents design that reflects presence, first, we must understand human senses and satisfy them. Since sensory stimulation is a major factor in triggering presence, multifaceted and in-depth understanding of sensory elements is necessary. Next, it is necessary to apply interaction elements considering the structural property of communication. It is necessary to fully recognize the differences in communication property between traditional media and virtual·augmented reality, and to reflect interaction elements to improve presence. Finally, considering the efficiency and aptness of the audience experience, it is necessary to reflect the determinants of the present situation. It is technically limitless to reflect the determinants of presence in virtual·augmented reality contents design. Therefore, it is necessary to select the elements that match the purpose and concept of the content and apply it efficiently. It is expected that this research can be used as basic research data for developing virtual·augmented reality contents considering the empirical value of the audience and expanding the use of virtual·augmented reality in the future and increasing popularization.