순환주제에 의한 작곡전공 교수활동 수업사례물 분석: 김용환의 “Moving Figures”를 중심으로

김영국 ( Young Guk Kim ) 한국예술교육학회 2015 예술교육연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 대학교에서 작곡전공으로 교수활동을 하고 있는 본 연구자의 수업사례물이며, 본 연구자의 학생 김용환의 학습결과물인 ‘Moving Figures’를 순환주제(cyclic theme) 중심으로 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구자는 이 작품의 각 부분에서 나타나는 독립적이며 개별적인 특징을 분석하였고, 전체의 곡을 하나로 묶어주는 수단으로써 작용한 순환주제에 관해 중점적으로 분석하였다. 이로써 대학 작곡전공학생의 수업, 특히 교수과정의 내용학 측면에서 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 논문의 주제어인 ‘순환주제’는 15세기의 정선율 미사, 16세기의 패러디 미사와 같은 작품에서 출발한 음악적 아이디어인데, 고전·낭만시대의 작곡가들이 소나타 형식과 같은 다악장의 악곡에서 하나 이상의 주제가 제 1악장뿐만 아니라 다른 악장에도 나타나게 하여 음악적 아이디어를 형식적인 틀 안에 가두기 위한 방법으로서도 이용되었다. 김용환의 ‘Moving Figures’는 이러한 고전적인 형식에서 아이디어를 빌려와 현대적으로 변용시켰다. 즉 고전적인 의미의 순환주제와는 다르게 <도입부-A-B-C-A``-coda>의 총 6개 부분으로 구성된 단악장 형식 내에서 순환주제의 변용, 발전을 모색했기에 고전적 의미로써의 순환주제 개념과는 상이하며 조금 더 진보된 양상을 띤다. The subject of this thesis is a case of the present class researchers and teaching activities studied composition at the university, and analyze the historical background and cyclic form in ``Moving Figures`` of Yong-hwan Kim, (1988~ ) my student. The purpose of this thesis is to study the structure with cyclic form, harmony and study elements such as timbre on Yong-Hwan Kim‘s ’Moving Figures`` appear in each part of an independent study is to focus on the subject appears as a means of circulation that bind specifically to one picece of the total and individual characteristics. Thus, the university student majoring in composition classes, and helping in the details, particularly on aspects of teaching process. Originally cyclic form is the musical ideas from works such as the cantus firmus mass, in the 16th century parody mass of the 15th century. Composers of the classical era composer and romantic era, were used also as a way of putting a musical ideas first movement to appear in more than one subject, as well as other movements in the same piece of music in the form of a multi-movement sonata form and framework. But ``Moving Figures`` is unlike the original meaning of cyclic form, <introduction-A-B-C-A``-coda> consists of a total of six section of, and since the transformation, the development of the cyclic form is made only in the movement type, and cyclic form as a classical concept with a different sense, may be seen to have a little more advanced aspects. The musical structure used in contemporary music appears dissolved and established patterns, but ``Moving Figures`` is borrowing ideas from the classical form and transformation into comtemporary is thought to be the work that needs to be thoroughly studied. and also can be considered in analysis for contemporary musical composition trends with music educational aspects.

켑스트럼 기반의 후두암 감별을 위한 채널보상

김영국,김수미,김형순,왕수건,조철우,양병곤,Kim Young Kuk,Kim Su Mi,Kim Hyung Soon,Wang Soo-Geun,Jo Cheol-Woo,Yang Byung-Gon 대한음성학회 2004 말소리 Vol.50 No.-

Automatic detection of laryngeal diseases by voice is attractive because of its non-intrusive nature. Cepstrum based approach to detect laryngeal cancer shows reliable performance even when the periodicity of voice signals is severely lost, but it has a drawback that it is not robust to channel mismatch due to different microphone characteristics. In this paper, to deal with mismatched training and test microphone conditions, we investigate channel compensation techniques such as Cepstral Mean Subtraction (CMS) and Pole Filtered CMS (PFCMS). According to our experiments, PFCMS yields better performance than CMS. By using PFCMS, we obtained 12% and 40% error reduction over baseline and CMS, respectively.

회원작품 - 녹산유치원

김영국,Kim, Yeong-Guk 대한건축사협회 1996 建築士 Vol.1996 No.6

다양한 잡음 환경하에서 환경 군집화를 통한 화자 및 환경 동시 적응

김영국,송화전,김형순,Kim, Young-Kuk,Song, Hwa-Jeon,Kim, Hyung-Soon 한국음향학회 2009 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.28 No.6

This paper proposes noise-robust fast speaker adaptation method based on the eigenvoice framework in various noisy environments. The proposed method is focused on de-noising and environment clustering. Since the de-noised adaptation DB still has residual noise in itself, environment clustering divides the noisy adaptation data into similar environments by a clustering method using the cepstral mean of non-speech segments as a feature vector. Then each adaptation data in the same cluster is used to build an environment-clustered speaker adapted (SA) model. After selecting multiple environmentally clustered SA models which are similar to test environment, the speaker adaptation based on an appropriate linear combination of clustered SA models is conducted. According to our experiments, we observe that the proposed method provides error rate reduction of $40{\sim}59%$ over baseline with speaker independent model. 본 논문에서는 eigenvoice 방식에 기반하여 다양한 잡음 환경에 강인한 고속 화자 적응 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 잡음 제거 기술과 환경 군집화 방법을 기반으로 한다. 그러나, 잡음 제거 기술을 통해 잡음을 제거한 후에도 여전히 잔여 잡음이 존재하므로 비음성 구간의 켑스트럼 평균을 사용하여 잡음 환경별로 화자 적응 데이터를 분류한 후 각각의 환경별로 환경 모델을 구성한다. 이러한 환경 군집화를 적응데이터에 대해 구성한 후 테스트 음성이 입력되면 군집화된 모델 중에서 인식 데이터와 가장 유사한 복수의 환경별 군집화된 화자 적응 모델을 구한 후 이들의 가중함을 통해 화자 적응을 수행하는 방법이다. 제안된 방법은 적응 및 평가를 통해 화자 독립 모델을 사용한 경우에 비해 $40{\sim}59%$ 인식 오류 감소율을 얻었다.

4성분계 복합 산화물 촉매 이용 메탄의 부분산화에 의한 메탄올 직접 합성

김영국,이광혁,함현식,Kim, Young-Kook,Lee, Kwang-Hyeok,Hahm, Hyun-Sik 한국응용과학기술학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Methanol was directly produced by the partial oxidation of methane with four-component mixed oxide catalysts. Four-component(Mo-Bi-Cr-Si) mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method showed about eleven times higher surface area than that prepared by the co-precipitation method. From the $O_2$-TPD experiment of the prepared catalysts, it was proven that there exists two types of oxygen species, and the oxygen species that participates in the partial oxidation reaction is the lattice oxygen desorbing around $750^{\circ}C$. The optimum reaction condition for methanol production was $420^{\circ}C$, 50 bar, flow rate of 115 mL/min, and $CH_4/O_2$ ratio of 10/1.5, providing methane conversion and methanol selectivity of 3.2 and 26.7%, respectively.

특집 : 극미세 분말 재료기술 - 초전도 분말 및 선재 제조기술

김영국,Kim, Yeong-Guk 재료연구소 2009 機械와 材料 Vol.20 No.4

화학적으로 변형된 전구용액을 이용한 YBCO 박막 제조

김영국,유재무,정국채,고재웅,김영준,한봉수,Kim, Y.K.,Yoo, J.M.,Chung, K.C.,Ko, J.W.,Kim, Y.J.,Han, B.S. 한국초전도학회 2006 Progress in superconductivity Vol.7 No.2

Superconducting YBCO films were successfully fabricated by MOD process using chemically modified precursor solution. In this study, a chemically modified precursor solution for MOD processing was synthesized using metal-organic salts and organic additives. It was shown that crack-free and uniform precursor films were formed after calcination in humidified Oxygen atmosphere. Less than 3 hours are required to finish the calcination process. XRD measurement shows that $BaF_2,\;CuO,\;Y_2O_3$ are major constituent of precursor films. Furthermore, YBCO films without any secondary phases were successfully fabricated after annealing in wet $Ar/O_2$ atmosphere. The YBCO film prepared on a $LaAlO_3$ single crystal substrate ($10mm{\times}10mm$) gives transport $I_c$ of 10A at 77K. This chemical modification approach is a possible candidate for improving MOD-processing of YBCO coated conductor.

$CO_2$ 농도 증가에 따른 벼의 생육 반응

김영국,신진철,최민규,구본철,김석동,Kim Young-Guk,Shin Jin-Chul,Choi Min-Gyu,Koo Bon-Cheul,Kim Seok-Dong 한국작물학회 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.3

대기중의 $CO_2$ 농도 증가에 따른 벼의 생육단계별 생육 및 광합성 관련 반응을 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 벼 유묘기에는 $CO_2$ 농도가 증가하고 처리기간이 길어질수록 일품벼, 추청벼, 화성벼 모두 초장, 경수, 엽면적이 증가하였고 처리 후 18일경에는 대비구에 비해 500ppm, 700ppm에서 건물중 $35\~47\%$ 증가하는 경향이었다(3품종 평균). 2. 벼 유모기의 광합성율은 높은 $CO_2$>농도에서는 증가되었으나 처리기간이 길어져서 생육이 진전될수록 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 3. 유수형성기 및 출수기에는 $CO_2$농도가 증가함에 따라 초장, 건물 중은 증가되었으나 SPAD값과 광합성속도, 기공전도도, 증산율 등은 처리기간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 4. 출수 직전부터 55일간 처리한 벼의 수량은 대비구에 비해 500ppm, 700ppm 처리구에서 세 품종 모두 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. $CO_2$농도에 따른 광합성 속도 및 증산량은 농도가 높아지고 광합성속도가 빨라질수록 증산량은 낮아져 수분 이용 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were examined. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ of the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ after the panicle initiation stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700 ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). At early growth stage of three varieties (IIpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo), the elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height, tiller, leaf area and dry weight. The photosynthetic rate was decreased at 24 days after treatment (DAT) compared to 11 DAT. The elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height and dry weight at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and heading stage (HS) of three varieties (IIpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo). The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rate were decreased at the long days of treatment than that of short days. At entire stages, the elevated $CO_2$ increased the water use efficiency of rice plant because evapotranspiration rate was lowered at the elevated $CO_2$ than ambient levels.

제언 - 철도건설의 나아갈 방향

김영국,Kim, Yeong-Guk 대한기계설비건설협회 2013 기계설비 Vol.271 No.-

IBAD 기판을 적용한 산화물 전구체 MOD 공정에 의한 YBCO Coated Conductor의 제조

김영국,유재무,고재웅,허순영,홍계원,이희균,정형식,Kim Y. K.,Yoo J. M.,Ko J. W.,Heo S. Y.,Hong G. W.,Lee H. G.,Chung H. S. 한국초전도학회 2005 Progress in superconductivity Vol.6 No.2

YBCO coated conductors have been fabricated with a newly developed oxide-precursor-based MOD process. The precursor solution was synthesized with low cost YBCO powders as starting materials and YBCO coated conductors have been deposited on IBAD substrate ($CeO_2$/IBAD-YSZ/SS). YBCO coated conductor prepared by dip coating shows transport $I_c$ of 15A/cm-w at 77 K. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses indicate that YBCO layer was grown in epitaxy with substrate and exhibited well-developed dense microstructure. Also discussed are processing and analysis of YBCO coated conductor by slot-die web coating method. It was shown that this oxide-based MOD process provides a low cost route to coated conductor with high $J_c$.