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Injury Analysis of a 12-passenger Van Rollover Accident
김상철,최형연,김병우,박관진,안성민,이강현,Kim, S.C.,Choi, H.Y.,Kim, B.W.,Park, G.J.,An, S.M.,Lee, K.H. Korean Auto-vehicle Safety Association 2018 자동차안전학회지 Vol.10 No.1
The fatality of rollover accidents in motor vehicle crashes is high despite their low incidence. Through the investigation of a 12-passenger van rollover accident in which 10 passengers were involved, we intend to analyze the correlation between the severity of the injury and the position of the occupants. We collected accident information from medical records, interviews, photo-images of the damaged van, field surveys, and the results of the Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP). Based on the occupants' position, we classified injury sites and estimated injury severity. Passenger injury severity was evaluated by trauma score calculation. The initiation type of the rollover accident was passenger side 'fall-over' and the Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) code for the damaged van was 00TDZO3. The crash of the van involved 10 passengers, with an average age of $16.3{\pm}4.2years$. Few of the occupants had fastened seat belts at the time of the incident, and there was no airbag installed. One patient sustained severe liver injury and another was diagnosed with a fracture of the right humerus. The most common injuries were at the upper extremities and the neck. The average of Injury Severity Score (ISS) was $4.8{\pm}5.9$, and the average ISS of right-seated, mid-seated and left-seated occupants was $7.5{\pm}9.3$, $1.5{\pm}0.7$, and $3.3{\pm}2.1$ respectively (p>0.05). In the rollover (to-passenger side) accident of occupant unfastened, the average ISS of right-seated occupants (near side) was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference.
Bi2212/Ag 선재의 초전도 특성에 대한 열처리의 영향
김상철,하동우,송규정,오상수,이남진,한일용,오재근,손호상,Kim, S.C.,Ha, D.W.,Song, K.J.,Oh, S.S.,Lee, N.J.,Han, I.Y.,Oh, J.G.,Sohn, H.S. 한국초전도학회 2006 Progress in superconductivity Vol.8 No.1
We have fabricated double stacked 385 filamentary Bi2212/Ag round wires which have different Ag ratios. The wires have been heat-treated at the maximum temperature($T_{max}$) of $882{\sim}896^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 h. Effect of heat treatment on critical current density and critical temperature on Bi2212/Ag round wires has been studied. Critical current density of the wire heat -treated at $890^{\circ}C$ showed 206,250 $A/cm^2$ at 4.2 K, 0 T and critical temperature of the wire was 83 K. Microstructure of the wires also has been studied via optical microscopy and SEM.
다중 GPS 수신기에 의한 농업용 차량의 정밀 위치 계측(1) -오차추정 시뮬레이션 및 고정위치계측-
김상철 ( S. C. Kim ),조성인 ( S. I. Cho ),이승기 ( S. G. Lee ),이운용 ( W. Y. Lee ),홍영기 ( Y. G. Hong ),김국환 ( G. H. Kim ),조희제 ( H. J. Cho ),강지원 ( G. W. Gang ) 한국농업기계학회 2011 바이오시스템공학 Vol.36 No.2
This study was conducted to develop a robust navigator which could be in positioning for precision farming through developing a plural GPS receiver with 4 sets of GPS antenna. In order to improve positioning accuracy by integrating GPS signals received simultaneously, the algorithm for processing plural GPS signal effectively was designed. Performance of the algorithm was tested using a simulation program and a fixed point on WGS 84 coordinates. Results of this study are aummarized as followings. 1. 4 sets of lower grade GPS receiver and signals were integrated by kalman filter algorithm and geometric algorithm to increase positioning accuracy of the data. 2. Prototype was composed of 4 sets of GPS receiver and INS components. All Star which manufactured by CMC, gyro compass made by KVH, ground speed sensor and integration S/W based on RTOS(Real Time Operating System)were used. 3. Integration algorithm was simulated by developed program which could generate random position error less then 10 m and tested with the prototype at a fixed position. 4. When navigation data was integrated by geometrical correction and kalman filter algorithm, estimated positioning erros were less then 0.6 m and 1.0 m respectively in simulation and fixed position tests.
인후두위산역류증(Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: LPR)의 치료에 대한 RabeprazoleSodium(Parietd)의 임상효과와 안전성 검토
정광윤,전병선,고상현,권기환,권순영,권중근,김동영,김상철,김성완,김영모,김영호,김윤환,김장묵,Jung, K.W.,Jun, B.S.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, K.H.,Kwon, S.Y.,Kwon, J.K.,Kim,, D.Y.,Kim,, S.C.,Kim,, S.W.,Kim,, Y.M.,Kim,, Y.H.,Kim,, Y.H.,Kim,, J.M. 대한기관식도과학회 2004 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.10 No.2
Background and objective : Rabeprazole is a new generation proton pump inhibitor, which has a rapid onset after first dose, predictable efficacy in all patients regardless of CYP2C19 genotype status, and less nocturnal acid breakthrough. The aim of the study is to investigate clinical efficacy and safety of rabeprazole sodium (Pariet 10mg qd)when administered once daily to patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) disease. Methods : Among the patients who had visited the Department of Otolaryngology, those with LPR symptoms, had undergone laryngoscopy. Symptoms and endoscopic laryngeal sings were recorded initially, at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and more than 3 months, All patients were evaluated for clinical efficacy on the basis of symptom scores, reflux finding score(RFS), and side effects. Results : In general, most symptom scores and RFS improved over the time. Efficacy of the Pariet on LPR-related symptoms were $63.2\%,\;77.5\%,\;78.7\%,\;and\;90.9\%$ before 4 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 8 to 12 weeks, and after 12 weeks respectively. Efficacy on the RFS were $61.8\%,\;78.4\%,\;82.9\%,\;and\;85.5\%$ before 4 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 8 to 12 weeks, and after 12 weeks respectively. Pariet was well tolerated and was associated with few drug-related side effects. Conclusion Because of its efficacy and safety, Pariet may prove to be an alternative to currently available proton pump inhibitors.
사료의 일반성분에 관한 연구 2 . 일반성분 분석방법의 비교
김상철 ( S C Kim ),김강식 ( K S Kim ),장윤환 ( Y H Chiang ),이종원 ( C W Lee ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.3
In order to find out the most reliable and time-saving method, several techniques for analyzing chemical compositions in feedstuffs were compared. 1. No great differences were was found among the contents of moisture in tested feeds determined through 105-110℃ drying method(till constant weight) when compared with the method drying at 135±2℃ for 2 hours. More moisture content was resulted in the method where no air circulation was permitted in oven than the method of air-circulation by fan. And more moisture contents were resulted from the sample feeds which were placed on upper shelf than those from samples placed on lower shelf. 2. The mercury oxide mixture contributed to the digestion of the samples more quickly than copper sulfate mixture as a catalyzes. The direct distillation method. as a more convenient one when compared to the case dilution-distillation system. However, more amount of neutralizing agent and titration solution was needed when the direct distillation was used. The method of ammonia-catching to boric acid was more convenient than that of ammonia-catching to sulfuric or hydrochloric acids, because the only standard solution of hydrochloric acid was necessary instead of two standard solution(acid and basic) in later method. 3. The ether extraction method at 80-85℃ for 8 hours showed similar values for ether extract contents in feedstuffs to those determined at 55℃ for 16 hours, and the former was recommended because of its shorter time. No great differences were brought among ether extract contents dried the raw crude fat for 2, 3, and 4 hours. However, it seemed that 3 hours drying technique should be employed to get more accutate results. 4. The method for drying the residue on filter paper at 135±2℃ for 2 hours was more convenient and time-saving than that at 105-110℃ to get constant weight; that is 2 or 3 times-weighing in the balance in the determination of crude fiber. The technique to use ether-extracted samples was more accurate compared to that using raw samples for the quantitative analysis of crude fiber.
김상철 ( S C Kim ),배동호 ( D H Bae ),김강식 ( K S Kim ),박용윤 ( Y Y Park ),이종원 ( J W Lee ),박신호 ( S H Park ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Digestibility comparisons were made using Korean native cattle, native goat, sheep, rabbit, pig and poultry with two different roughages, two different concentrates and soybean oil cake. a. Digestibility difference for roughages There were no significant differences in digestion coefficients, D.C.P. and T.D.N, content, except N.F.E in the case of good quality hay, and crude protein and crude fat in the case of poor quality hay between Korean native cattle, native goat and sheep. However, there were significant differences between the animals mentioned above and rabbit in all digestion coefficients, D.C.P. and T.D.N. content, except crude protein and crude fat. b. Digestibility difference for concentrates There were significant differences in digestion coefficients and digestible nutrients between the animal used. Digestibility of sheep and native goat, and pig and poultry showed similar trend. Rabbit Showed the highest T.D.N. content in the case of corn. However, this superiority in digestibility disappeared in the case of wheat bran. c. Digestibility difference for soybean oil cake Significant differences in digestibility of crude fat, N.F.E. crude fiber, and T.D.N. content were found between ruminants and monogastric animals. No significant differences were observed in digestibility of crude protein and D.C.P. content between the animals used.
사료의 가소화양분에 관한 연구 Ⅷ . 면양에 의한 국내산사료의 소화율검정
김상철 ( S C Kim ),김강식 ( K S Kim ),장윤환 ( Y H Chiang ),신정남 ( C N Shin ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Using three heads of sheep for each feedstuff the digestibilites of general compositions in domestic feedstuffs were determined through total collection method. The tested concentrates were fed together with a roughage, of which the digestible nutrients were known in a separate trial. The roughages were fed as a single diet. The minerals and water were provided ad libitum. The tested feedstuffs were; yellowcorn, immature rice, wheat grain, wheat flour, immature barley, naked barley grain, rye grain, soy bean, corn bran, perilla oil meal, linseed oil meal, cocount oil meal, corn starch cake, corn gluten, potato tubers, soy hull, orchard grass hay, mixed pasture grass hay, three kinds of native grass hays, and malt root. The general compositions in tested feedstuffs were expressed on table 1, and their digestibilities and digestible nutrients were recorded on table 3. Some of the tested feedstuffs showed lower values than those published abroad. One of the reasons was thought due to the higher crude fiber content of domestic feedstuffs when compared to foreign data. The other feeds represented similar results to the foreign one. It was thought that, in order to get accurate and representative values in Korea, more replicative experiments should be carried out in the future.