낮은 시간 복잡도를 위한 변형된 극부호 연속 제거 리스트 복호법

김강산(Gang-San Kim),김인선(Inseon Kim),송홍엽(Hong-Yeop Song) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

1923년 관동대학살을 둘러싼 쟁점과 과제

김강산(Kim Gang San) 역사비평사 2023 역사비평 Vol.- No.145

관동대학살에 대한 조선인들의 인식과 대응 ― 사건 이후 조선에서 결성된 단체를 중심으로 ―

김강산 ( Kim Gang-san ) 수선사학회 2017 史林 Vol.0 No.60

The purpose of this study is to establish Koreans` actions against the Kantou Massacre and its characteristics. The Kantou Massacre is the generic term for the Great Earthquake occurred in September 1st, 1923 and the massacre of Koreans carried out thereafter. Related preceding studies revealed Koreans` methods of actions and their outputs, through analyzing the organizations of Koreans formed after the Kantou Massacre. Those studies, however, couldn`t establish how this incident was widely known to general Korean society, the way Koreans tried to intervene in that incident in the process of the spread, and how the intervention differed in the type and characteristic from others. The news about the Kantou Massacre was conveyed to Korean people in time lag. At first, it was mainly about the natural disaster [the earthquake] due to media blackout imposed by the Japanese colonial power. So Korean people`s reaction was also directed toward the disaster. But as the news about the massacre of Koreans had been reported since September 5th, 1923, the reaction of Koreans to the incident had been changed from `the problems of natural disaster` into `ethnic issues`. Immediately after the incident, relief activities were deployed under the supervision of the Japanese Government General of Korea. Two conflicting opinions, however, had emerged on the charity cases since Korean people were informed of the news of the massacre of Koreans. One was `comprehensive relief` that both Koreans and Japanese should be included as the relief cases, and the other was `preferential relief for Koreans` that Koreans should be relieved preferentially. The relief organization of Koreans representing the former was `the Association of Collection of Subscriptions for Relief(義捐金募金助成會)`, and that representing the latter was `the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities(東京地方罹災朝鮮人救濟會)` Both organizations had different views on the incident. The organization insisting on `comprehensive relief` interpreted this incident as one of natural disasters, urging people to take the lead in relief activities from the standpoint of love for mankind. On the other hand, the organization asserting `preferential relief for Koreans` regarded this incident in terms of nationalistic viewpoints, emphasizing national fraternity. They also differed in their methods of activities because of these differences in viewpoints. While the former actively responded to the relief works led by the Japanese Government General of Korea, the latter wanted to participate in the relief works preferential to Koreans with the investigation activities of Koreans in the earthquake-ravaged areas. By the way, as the news about the massacre of Koreans spreaded across Korea, and the ethnic conflicts and tensions between Korea and Japan built up, the Japanese Government General of Korea actually `broke up` `the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities`, and `shut out` the Korean intervention in the issue of the massacre of Koreans.

古代 이름에 대한 考察

김강산(Kim, Gang-san) 아시아강원민속학회 2018 아시아강원민속 Vol.30 No.-

고대의 국명(國名), 지명(地名), 인명(人名) 등이 현재까지도 전해지고 있으나, 그 뜻을 모른 채 사용하고 있다. 특히 당시에 문자(文字)가 없었기에 중국의 한자를 빌려 뜻으로 변형시키거나, 소리 나는 데로 표기(表記)하였다. 신라(新羅)의 설총(薛聰)은 이두문(吏讀文)을 만들어 한자를 빌어 우리말을 표기하고자 하였다. 중국과 우리는 언어체계가 다르다. 우리나라와 일본, 그리고 몽골 등은 언어체계가 비슷하나, 중국은 오히려 영어권과 흡사하다. 고대 우리나라는 고유의 언어체계가 있었을 것이고, 한자를 빌려 표기하였을 것이다. 그리고 우리의 언어체계를 모르는 중국인들은 자의적(自意的)으로 뜻을 부여하거나 또는 원래의 뜻과 다르게 표기하였다. 그것이 현재에 전해지고 있다. 이 글은 고대 국가 이름이나 땅 이름, 사람의 이름에 숨은 뜻을 밝혀 우리말의 본래 어원(語源)을 찾고자 시작하였다. 우리의 조상들은 태양숭배(太陽崇拜)사상이 있어서 나라이름이나 인명(人名), 지명(地名) 등에 ‘해’를 넣기를 좋아했다. 해는 만물의 생장(生長)에 필수적인 존재이고 온 세상을 밝게 비추어 어두움을 사라지게 하므로 진작부터 종교적 대상이 되었다. 그러므로 고대(古代)로 올라갈수록 ‘해’는 종교적 숭배의 대상이 되었고 권위의 상징이 되었다. 특히 지형적으로 해가 뜨는 동쪽에 위치한 우리나라를 감안하면 ‘해’를 나라의 상징으로 삼고 지명이나 사람 이름에 ‘해’를 넣은 것은 어쩌면 자연스런 현상일 것이다. The names of ancient countries, regions, and persons are known to date, but are used without knowledge of their meaning. Particularly, Chinese letters were adopted and altered in a way suited for the meaning in Korean language or written as they sounded because Korea did not have characters at that time. Seolchong of Silla created Idu character, a writing system that represented the Korean language using the Chinese letters. Korea has the linguistic system different from that of China. Korean, Japanese, and Mongolian languages have similar system, but Chinese linguistic system is rather similar to that of English. Ancient Korea might have its own language system and would have adopted Chinese characters. And the Chinese who did not know the Korean language system assigned the meaning of each word arbitrarily or write the characters differently from the original meaning. It has been passed down to the present. This study was intended to examine the original etymology of Korean language by finding the hidden meaning of names of ancient country, land, and people. Our ancestors liked to add the sun to the name of the country, region, and person as they worshipped the sun. The sun is essential for the growth of all things and brings light to whole world to dispel darkness, and therefore has been the subject of religion since long before. Thus, sun became the subject of religious worship and a symbol of authority in ancient times. Considering that Korea is located in the east where the sun rises topographically, it may be natural for Koreans to use "the sun" as the symbol of the country and insert the "sun" in the names of regions or people.

관동대학살에 대한 재일본조선인의 대응 - 재동경이재조선동포위문반을 중심으로 -

김강산(Kim, Gang San) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2021 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.- No.75

이 글의 목적은 관동대학살 이후 일본 내 조선인들의 대응방식을 밝히고 그 성격을 규명하려는 데 있다. 특히 재동경이재조선동포위문반을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 선행연구는 위문반의 활동을 피학살자수를 밝히고자 하는 흐름 속에서 진행되어왔기에 식민권력과의 관계, 단체에 관한 기본정보, 조사결과 등이 불충분하게 규명되었다. 재동경이재조선동포위문반은 1923년 9월 조선에서 결성된 동경지방이재조선인구제회와 밀접한 연관을 맺고 있다. 특히 『동아일보』의 이상협은 지진이 일어난 다음날 일본으로 건너와 위문반 결성에 관여하였고, 구제회의 모금액을 전달하면서 향후 위문반 활동에 기여하였다. 위문반은 재해지역에서 생존하고 있던 조선인들을 구호하는 것, 학살 사실을 조사하는 것, 이상 두 가지의 목표를 가지고 있었다. 그 목표는 조선의 구제회도 동일했다. 그러나 식민권력의 탄압으로 불가능해지면서, 위문반에게 그 사업을 승계하였던 것으로 보인다. 위문반의 구호활동은 식민권력과 일정한 협력 속에 전개되었다. 그것은 식민권력이 대외적 상황을 의식할 수 밖에 없었던 상황과 밀접한 연관이 있으며, 위문반은 이를 잘 이용한 것으로 생각된다. 한편 조사활동은 감시와 탄압, 은폐 속에 전개되었다. 조선인 학살 사실을 조사하는 과정에서 여러가지 어려움이 있었지만 두 달에 걸친 조사결과를 1923년 12월 <동경조선인대회>에서 발표하였다. 위문반의 조사결과 발표에서 피학살자 수를 밝힌 것뿐만 아니라 학살의 원인으로 ‘유언비어’를 지목하고, 그 책임자로서 일본정부를 명백하게 지목하고 있는 것이 눈에 띈다. 나아가 해외에 이 사실을 선전하기 위해 「虐殺」이라는 팸플릿을 작성하기도 했다. 이는 기존 연구에서 파악한 바 위문반을 ‘피학살자수를 조사한 단체’ 정도로 파악한 것을 넘어, 더욱 적극적으로 해석할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. The current article aimed to determine how the Koreans in Japan counteracted after Kantou Massacre at that time, and to identify the characteristics of it specifically focusing on the perspective of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities(在東京罹災朝鮮同胞慰問班)’. The previous study on the movement of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ was conducted in accordance with the identification of the number of victims. So, the basic information on the organization, relationship with the colonial authority, and the results of investigation are insufficiently demonstrated. ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ had close relationship with ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities(東京地方罹災朝鮮人救濟會)’ which was organized in Joseon in September 1923. Sang Hyeop Lee of Dong-A Ilbo went over to Japan the day after the earthquake, got involved in the formation of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities, and contributed to the operations of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ by delivering the raised collection from ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’. ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ tried to achieve two main objectives, so as ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’ of Joseon, which were to aid survived Koreans in the devastated area and to investigate on the massacre. It seemed as ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’ was oppressed by the colonial authority and had to succeed the activity to ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’. The relief work of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ was carried out with the cooperation of colonial authority. It was related to the situation that the colonial authority had to consider their international public image, and ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ took advantage of it. On the other hand, the investigation was conducted under surveillance, suppression, and concealment. There were difficulties in two months of investigation on the massacre of Koreans, but it was able to present the results at ‘The Great Meeting of Koreans in Tokyo(東京朝鮮人大會)’ in December 1923. In the presentation, ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ determined the number of victims, stated a groundless rumor as the reason for massacre, and clearly identified that Japanese government was responsible for it. Furthermore, as recognized from the previous study, they issued a leaflet named ‘虐殺’ to inform the truth abroad. Thus it implies that comprehending ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ not only as an organization that investigated the number of victims, but also as fact-finding body is necessary.

「성명론(性命論), 사단론(四端論), 확충론(擴充論), 장부론(臟腑論)」을 통해서 본 사상인(四象人) 병론(病論)의 접근

김강산,송일병,Kim, Gang-San,Song, Il-Byeong 사상체질의학회 1999 사상체질의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

1. 연구목적 사상인(四象人)은 성정(性情)의 편차에 의해서 결정되는 것으로 우리 모두 알고 있다. 여기에서 동무(東武) 선생의 사심신물(事心身物)정신과 성정(性情)이 사상인(四象人)에 있어서 중요한 요소가 된다. 따라서 사상인(四象人)의 병증론(病證論) 또한 성정(性情)과 사심신물(事心身物)정신으로 설명되어질 수 있다는 것과 사상인(四象人)의 판별을 위한 성정(性情)과 병증(病證)의 일관성을 찾아보고자 하는 것이 연구 목적이다. 2. 연구방법 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)에 나타나고 있는 사심신물(事心身物)정신, 사상인(四象人) 결정과정, 성명론(性命論), 사단론(四端論), 확충론(擴充論), 장부론(臟腑論) 등을 통해 사상인별(四象人別) 표리병증(表裏病證) 이해해 보고자 하였다. 3. 연구 결과 사상인(四象人)의 표리병증(表裏病證)이 성정(性情)과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 사상인(四象人) 결정에 있어서 성정(性情)이 결정적인 요인으로 작용하고 있는 것과 마찬가지이다. 인체의 구조적인 특징으로 표리(表裏), 내외(內外), 상하(上下)와 기능적으로 나타나는 한열온량(寒熱溫凉), 승강완속(升降緩束), 대소(大小)등이 모두 성정(性情)과 사심신물(事心身物)정신으로 해석될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 1. Purpose We know that Sasang Constitution is decided by difference of Sung-Jung(性情). Lee je-ma emphasized that Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul(事心身物) and Sung-Jung is important key. So, this paper is to know that the characteristics of constitutional symptoms also is explained by Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul and Sung-Jung, to find sequence between Sung-Jung and symptoms. 2. Method Through the Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul, decision of Sasang constitution and physiologics of Jang-Bu(臟腑), each the inerior-exterior characteristics of constitutional symptoms were researched. 3. Results It is found that structual characteristics of interior-exterior, in-out(內外), upper-town(上下) and functional characteristics of Warm-Hot-Cool-Cold(寒熱溫凉), ascent-descent-unfast-fast(升降援束), large-small(大小) are based on Sung-Jung and the summarizing spirit Sa-Sim-Sin-Mul.

한방치료로 호전된 현훈 환자 1례

김강산,김광록,박동일,이준수,Kim, Gang-san,Kim, Koang-lok,Park, Dong-ill,Lee, Jun-su 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.5

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Korean Medicine on a patient having vertigo disease. Methods: The patient was treated with Korean medicine, including Bongnyeongbanha-tang (茯?半夏湯) and acupuncture, from October 3, 2015 to October 8, 2015. The Vertigo Score Scale and Numeric Rating Scale were assessed for evaluation. Results: After the treatment, the intensity of vertigo and nausea were decreased and the patient's walking and visual difficulties were improved. Conclusions: Korean Medicine treatment can relieve vertigo symptoms.

RTS-SAREK 프로그램 소개

김강산,오명도,Kim Gang-San,O Myeong-Do 대한설비공학회 2006 설비저널 Vol.35 No.10

승마(升麻) 및 승마갈근탕(升痲葛根湯)이 streptozotocin으로 유발된 고혈당 생쥐에 미치는 영향

채중원,김강산,Chae, Joong-Won,Kim, Gang-San 대한한방소아과학회 2007 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : This study has been carried out to understand the effect of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Seungmagalgeuntang on the hyperglycemic mice induced with Streptozotocin(STZ). Methods : The 60mg/kg of STZ was fed into mice twice by 24 h interval and then 120mg/kg STZ was fed again 3 days after the earlier feeding, Control group was administered mice with 0.9% saline(2mL/kg/day), and experimental groups were administered Cimicifugae Rhizoma extract(CA group, 10mg/kg/day; CB group, 30mg/kg/day) or Seungmagalgeuntang(SA group, 10mg/kg/day; SB group, 30mg/kg/day) after hyperglycemic induction for 6 weeks. Results : The body weight of experimental groups higher than control. The blood glucose concentration of the control group increased continuously reaching to 298.9 mg/dL after 6 weeks, however, significantly(p<0.01 or p<0.05) decreased in the SA and SB groups compared with control group. Blood insulin level significantly(p<0.01) increased in the experimental groups. The activities of SOD and catalase were more decreased in the experimental group than control group compared with normal group. In the point of pancreatic immunohistochemical change, the experimental group's pancreatic islets have increased and enlarged and the concentration of insulin-positive beta cells has also increased, comparing with the control group. Meanwhile forms of nucleus and mitochondria in the experimental group's hepatic cells were almost similar to the normal group. Conclusion : The result from the six weeks of observation demonstrates that the extracts from Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Seungmagalgeuntang have positive effects on lowering blood sugar level and elevating insulin concentration. The extract had also effects on recovering and regenerating pancreatic tissue of the hyperglycemic mice induced with STZ. At the same time, it had a protective effect against hepatotoxicity as well.

만성 췌장염의 한약치료에 대한 최신 임상연구 동향 - CNKI검색을 중심으로

황윤경,김강산,김원일,Hwang, Yun-kyeong,Kim, Gang-san,Kim, Won-ill 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to review the recent clinical research trends of the effects of herbal medicine treatment on chronic pancreatitis in China. Methods: We searched for clinical studies about chronic pancreatitis from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1, 2005, to August 1, 2016. Results: Thirty-seven papers were selected from 126 studies. The most commonly used herbal prescriptions included Bupleuri Radix (柴胡), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Aucklandiae Radix (木香), and Rhei Rhizoma (大黃). Qingyi-tang (淸?湯) was the most frequently used herbal prescription. Clinical symptoms, physicochemical examination, radiological examination, and relapse were used to evaluate the treatments. The effective treatment rate was 77.5-100%, and effectiveness in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group in 15 papers (p<0.05). Conclusions: Herbal medicine treatment has been shown as an effective treatment for chronic pancreatitis. In the future, more scientifically designed clinical studies should be performed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine treatment on chronic pancreatitis. These research results can be utilized in other clinical studies and in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.