수영훈련과 Ascorbic Acid 복합 투여가 GLUT-4 발현에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,배만식,김광석 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.4

훈련방법의 차이가 SOD, Neutrophils 및 T세포에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,엄상용,김동은,황혜진 대한면역학회 2005 Immune Network Vol.5 No.4

Background: A physically active lifestyle and regular exercise training incurs many health benefits. One recently recognized benefit of regular moderate exercise is stress reduction and immune enhancement. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Methods: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different type of exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), neutrophils, and T lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups; a non-Trained group (NTG, n=6), a swim-Trained group (STG), and a treadmill-Trained group (TTG). The exercise regimen was designed in a treadmill (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for TTG, and swim training (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for STG, and the volume of exercise training was the same in both groups. Results: 8 weeks of regular swim and treadmill training significantly increased liver SOD concentration however, muscle SOD concentration was not statistically significant. In the level of neutrophils, TTG and STG showed significant difference, compared to NTG. TTG was the highest level of neutrophils. In the level of immune cell counts, there was significant difference among TTG, STG, and NTG both in the spleen and thymus. Conculsion: In conclusion, it can be stated that eight weeks swim and treadmill exercise training has beneficial effect in improving immune response and antioxidant defence capacity by augmenting immune cells and SOD activities of SD rats.

운동강도의 차이가 안정시대사량 및 에너지 소비량에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,진영완,박찬호,Kawk Yi-Sub,Jin Young-Wan,Park Chan-Ho 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n=6) and untrained (UT; n=6) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (R), Maximal (M), High intensity (H), and Low intensity (L). The percent body fat and RMR of all subjects were measured at every periods. The RMR was measured early in the morning following a 12-hour fast using MMX3B gas analyzer and blood sample were collected from the anticubital vein to investigate thyroid hormonal (T3, T4, Free T3, Free T4, & TSH) changes. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value/BSA $(kcal/d/m^2)$. And We also analyzed mean energy expenditure for 30 minutes during and after different intensity exercise. There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in TR (p < .05) not in the UT group. however, there was no significant different percent body fat in TR and in UT group. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different between TR and UT in HEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) & LEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the TR group at H period and in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in TR group at L period, however there was no significant different in the UT group. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (TR) and untrained (VI). The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (M), high intensity exercise (H), and low intensity exercise (L). From the results, Low intensity of exercise (L), there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the TR not for the UT. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the TR group.

온도 차이에 따른 수영훈련이 결핵균 감염정도에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,Kwak Yi-Sub 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구를 통하여 규칙적인 수영 트레이닝이 체중의 감소를 일으켰으며(온수 및 냉수), 특히 냉수 훈련이 큰 감소를 나타내었다. 온수 훈련군에서는 $INF-\gamma$의 감소를 유발하여 림프구의 증식을 Th0에서 Th2 쪽으로 유도한다는 사실을 알 수 있었으며, 이로 인해 결핵균을 감염시켰을 경우 오히려 폐와 비장에서 결핵균의 수가 현저히 증가하는 사실을 알 수 있어, 수영 훈련군에게서의 결핵균 감염 시 대조군에 비해 균수가 현저히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 냉수 훈련군에서는 통제군에 비해 $INF-\gamma$의 현저한 증가를 보여, 결핵균 감염 시 폐에서 결핵균 수가 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다. Tuberculosis is the leading infectious disease in the world. It is urgent to develop new vaccine and treating drugs. Besides vaccines, we want to know the effects of regular swim training on TB infection in the mouse model. This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swim training on lung and spleen TB counts and $INF-\gamma$ activity in the trained mice at different temperature. The trained mice underwent a 10-wk endurance swim training (5 times/wk) in water at $29\~33^{\circ}C$ (WWG) and $21\~23^{\circ}C$(CWG) for 60 min. And they were divided into 3 groups according to the regular swim training (CG; control, WWG; warm water group, and CWG; cold water group). Mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv using an inhalation device (Glas-Col, Terre Haute, Ind.) calibrated to deliver bacteria into lungs. Three weeks after immunization, the mice were challenged. Four weeks after challenge, the mice were sacrificed and the numbers of viable bacteria in lung and spleen were determined by plating serial dilution of whole organ homogenates on nutrient Middlebrook 7H11 agar (Difco, Detroit, MI). Colonies were counted after four weeks incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. All data were expressed as mean, standard deviation by using SPSS package program (win 10.0). The result through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows; In the weight changes, there were significant differences among CG, WWG, and CWG following the swim training at different temperature, and CWG was the lowest. In the change of $INF-\gamma$ following the swim training, there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG after stimulated with media and CFP. In MTB counts, there were significant differences (p<.05) between CG and WWG in the lung. And also there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG. These results suggest that regular swim training suppress Th1 immune response caused by decreased $INF-\gamma$ level in the WWG, Also For the WWG, highly increased level of TB counts appear in the lung and spleen compare to CG.

서로 다른 형태의 지방산 투여가 훈련된 흰쥐의 지구성 운동수행력, 안정시기와 운동스트레스 시기의 에너지 기질, Insulin 호르몬과 Lipase 활성에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,Kwak, Yi-Sub 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 장기간의 수영훈련을 마친 통제 훈련군, MCT 투여 훈련군 및 LCT 투여 훈련군에서 지구력 운동수행력과 장기간의 훈련 안정시기 및 운동스트레스 부여시기(실험동물이 상당한 스트레스를 느끼는 160분간의 강제수영)에서 에너지 기질의 변화, 인슐린 호르몬, 및 Lipase 효소의 활성화를 함께 비교하여, 만약 투여 훈련군에서 높은 운동수행력이 나왔다면 이것이 어느 에너지 기질 및 피로물질과 연관되는지 혹은 인슐린 호르몬과 지방분해 효소인 Lipase 효소와는 어떠한 연관이 있는지를 규명하여 지구성 운동수행력에 훈련과 투여효과를 과학적으로 검증하는 데에 연구목적이 있었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 실험동물은 평균체중 140-155 g의 Sprague-Dawley계 횐쥐 수컷으로(7 wk), SPF (Specific Pathogen Free: 특정병원체 부재동물)를 대한바이오링크에서 분양 받은 후에 D대학교 실험동물 사육실에서 사육하였다. 실험동물은 총 54마리를 환경적응과 적응훈련을 포함하는 총 9주간의 훈련을 거친 후 크게 세 그룹으로 나누어 비 투여 그룹 18마리, MCT 투여그룹 18마리, LCT 투여그룹 18마리로 구분하였고 각 그룹에서 안정 시기 6마리와 160분간의 운동 스트레스 시기 6마리 및 지구력 운동수행력시기(survival test) 6마리로 세분화 하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 일반적인 지방 형태인 LCT의 투여는 추가적인 체중증가를 일으켰고, 운동수행력의 증가도 가져왔다. 하지만 같은 강도의 운동 부하에 대해서 운동 시 활용되는 지방의 형태인 지방산의 동원이 상대적으로 적었고, 운동증료시기에도 많은 양이 TG의 형태로 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 운동종료 시 피로물질인 젖산의 축적량이 증가하였고, 지방산화 효소인 Lipase 활성도도 크게 증가하지 않으면서 오히려 인슐린 호르몬을 증가시켜 많은 양의 에너지를 제공하여 지구력 운동 수행에는 도움을 주지만 효율성이 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 MCT의 투여는 인슐린 호르몬의 증가를 일으키지 않으면서 lipase 효소의 활성도를 증가시키고, 젖산 축적을 적게 하면서 유리지방산의 동원을 원활하게 하여 운동 지속시간을 상당히 연장했음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 TG의 축적을 적게 일으키면서 체중의 감소도 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 장기간 지구성 운동시 추가적인 에너지 공급을 위해 MCT를 투여하는 것이 운동 수행력의 증가는 물론, 에너지 기질의 활성화를 도모하고 피로물질의 축적을 적게 일으켜, 효율적인 에르고게닉에이드로 권장된다. 뿐만 아니라 에너지 효율성을 증가하여 추가적인 지방축적을 일으키지 않기 때문에, 체중증가를 우려할 필요가 없으며, 오히려 많은 지방을 에너지로 사용하기 때문에 에너지 효율성의 면에서 운동만 한다면 다이어트에도 도움이 되리라 생각한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different type of triglycerides (MCT & LCT) on weight, survival time, energy substrate (FFA, TG, pyruvate, lactate), insulin and lipase in the trained rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CG, n=18), MCT supplement group (MG, n=18), and LCT supplement group (LG, n=18). They also were divided into 3 periods: trained resting (R, n=6) and trained & exercise load (E, n=6), and survival time test was performed to know the supplemented effects. Body weight of all animals was checked every week, MCT group and LCT group received supplementary MCT and LCT orally and preliminary swimming training for 6 days before the start of main experiment. All animals received 15-minute swimming training 5 times during first week of experiment, and swimming training time was increased 15 minutes every week until it reached 90 minutes at last 9th week. After last swimming training, animals were fasted for 12 hours and blood samples were taken from abdominal aorta in the Department of Animal Medicine at the D university Animal Center. Among the CGE, MGE, and LGE groups, the MGE had the greatest increase in physical performance time. In the FFA levels, there was significant differences(p<.05) in CG, MG and LG groups, and also there was major difference of FFA levels in the MG and LG. In the lipase levels, there was signifi.ant differences (p<.05) in CG, MG and LG groups. MG was the greatest than the other groups. In the insulin hormone levels, there was the great differences (p<.05) in LG compare to CG groups, whereas there was no significant difference in the CG and MG. In conclusion, these results suggest that regular prolonged physical training with MCT supplementation, improves exercise performance time through the increase of energy substrate utilization, lipase activity and FFA levels, irrespective of insulin hormone responses.

운동 강도의 차이가 대사량 값과 호흡성분에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,유병인,구우영 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.5

태권도 관여정도가 아동의 태권도 기간, 태도 및 성격형석에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,김철영,서병세,진영완 한국스포츠리서치 2006 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.17 No.6

운동교실 참여에 따른 우울, 자긍심 및 건강 가치관의 차이

곽이섭 한국자료분석학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.9 No.5

The present study was designed to examine the effects of depression, self-esteem, and value of health on exercise program among different type of participation. 184 older adults were volunteered to participate in the study and were female. Older adults must recognize and understand the complex influences shaping the value women place on health. Women want to participate actively in their own health care by assuming more responsibility for their health and well-being. Three instruments were used in the study: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES), and the Health Values Scale. Data were analyzed by collection of frequency of response, which was then converted to a percentage. To determine if differences existed in respect to demographic variables, One-way ANOVA and correlation measures were used. The results were as follows: There was higher the depression in elderly groups than younger groups. There was higher the depression in low income groups than high income groups. The subjects in the pre-contemplation stage was higher the depression and was lower the self-esteem and the value of health. Finally, depression was negative correlated the self-esteem and the value of health and was positive correlated the self-esteem and the value of health. 본 연구는 경기도 G시 보건소를 이용하고 있는 성인 여성 184명을 대상으로 운동교실 참여가 우울, 자긍심, 그리고 건강 가치관에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 통하여 성인 여성들에게 운동 참여에 지속적인 흥미유발 및 동기부여를 위한 자료를 마련하고자 한다. 이 연구에는 세 가지 측정 도구가 사용되었다: The Health Values Scale, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), 그리고 The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES). 수집된 자료는 빈도 분석, 일원변량분석, 그리고 상관관계분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 나이가 많고 대학원 이상의 학력수준을 가진 집단에서 우울에 대한 하위 영역인 우울한 감정이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족수입이 적은 집단에서 우울한 감정이 높은 것으로 나타났고 가족수입이 높은 집단에서 우울한 감정은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 운동참여가 유지된 집단의 우울 수준은 낮게 나타났고 자긍심과 건강 가치관은 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 운동에 대한 참여 경험이 없는 집단은 우울 수준이 높게 나타났고 자긍심과 건강 가치관은 낮게 나타났다. 마지막으로 우울은 자긍심과 건강 가치관과는 부적 상관 관계가 나타났고 자긍심과 건강 가치관은 정적 상관관계를 보이고 있다.

골프 참여자의 라이프스타일에 따른 여가 만족도 분석

곽이섭,유병인,진영완,이성훈 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.4

건강증진을 위한 진동운동 신발적용의 운동 과학적 효과 분석

곽이섭,지진구,김경철,진영완 한국웰니스학회 2012 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.7 No.3

본 연구는 진동신발을 신고 걷기운동을 실시하여 그에 따른 효능검사와 운동에 대한 인체의 체지방량(Fat mass), 체지방율, 허리-엉덩이비율(Waist-Hip Ratio: WHR)과 더불어 맥진에 대한 효과를 과학적으로 규명하는데 목적이 있었다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 이제까지 특정한 운동에 참여한 경험이 없고 심혈관 질환과 관련한 약물을 복용하지 않는 일반인 40명 중 남자 진동운동신발군 10명, 마라톤신발군 10명, 여자 진동신발군 10명, 마라톤신발군 10명으로 그룹을 구성하여 12주간 걷기운동을 실시하게 한 후 혈관 기능과 신체조성 변화검사를 실시하여 진동운동신발과 마라톤신발과의 효과를 비교하였다. 자료처리는 Window SPSS/PC Ver 17.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였으며, 진동신발을 신기전과 신은 후의 체지방량(Fat), 체지방율(%Fat), 허리 엉덩이 비율(Waist Hip Ratio: WHR) 그리고 맥진기에 의한 검사 결과를 분석하기 위해서 t-test를 실시하였다. 그리고 모든 변인의 통계적 검증은 .05로 정하였다. 본 연구결과 일반신발에 비해 진동운동 신발군에서 체지방, 지방량, WHR 등에 효과가 있어 체지방감소와 신체조성의 균형적인 발전을 도모하는 데에 효과 있는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 특히 맥진기 검사에서 맥파에너지, 말초순환장애, 주파폭 및 주파너비에 효과 있는 것으로 나타나 혈관탄성에도 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 이러한 연구를 맥진검사 뿐만이 아니라 eNOS와 같은 혈관 탄성도를 함께 측정할 수 있는 생화학적 검사도 함께 수행되어야 할 것으로 여겨진다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vibration shoe application on Cadio and Cadiovascular system and anti-obesity. Vibration shoe is foot massage marathon shoes which provided healthy body and mind with stimulate on the foot by vibration (No Battery) from just simply walk or running. To determine whether Vibration shoe walking effectively maintains improvements in cardio metabolic and cardiovascular system (fat mass, fat, WHR, energy max, alx max, H1, and w/t) during twelve weeks, 40 person from male and female recruited from the public health center. In the fat mass level, there was significantly decreased after 12 weeks Vibration shoe walking compare to pre period. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the closely related resting metabolic rate (RMR), is the amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting in humans). The release of energy in this state is sufficient only for the functioning of the vital organs, such as the heart, lungs, brain and the rest of the nervous system, liver, kidneys, sex organs, muscles and skin. Moreover, after 12 weeks Vibration shoe walking, Blood flexibility was enormously increased. We can evaluate the results from the pulse diagnosis device. We evaluated the value of energy max, ALx max, H1, and w/t to detect blood flexibility. These results suggest that 12 weeks Vibration walking increased the blood flexibility and metabolic rate, decreased fat mass.