http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
오늘 본 자료
Recommendations to Prevent and Manage Snowboarder Injuries in the FIS Snowboard World Cup
고경완,김태훈,차경철,차용성,박경혜,선경훈,김현,황성오,이강현 대한응급의학회 2016 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.1
Purpose: Snowboarding accidents may cause severe injury due to the advanced skills required of Olympic athletes and the faster speed compared to many other sports. The aim of this study was to describe environmental characteristics of snowboarding injuries and to determine the level of medical support using injury analysis. Methods: A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted with collection of data from the Fe´de´ration Internationale de Ski (FIS) Snowboard Competition from January 14 to 24 in 2009. Data from the Competition Operation Committee records, medical records and competition regulations were selected for analysis. Results: In this study, 31/524 competitors reported injuries, predominantly sprains and contusions (21 cases), including eight fractures. Analysis of the physical distribution of these injuries indicated ten injuries of an upper extremity (32%), seven of a lower extremity (23%), six in the head/neck region (19%), and five spinal injuries (16%). The majority (23/31) of these injuries occurred during the snowboard cross (SBX) events. Environmental factors including the course visibility and slope conditions impacted the frequency of injury during the competition. In addition, the arrival times of medical teams were longer for the SBX events (260±92 sec) than for the Parallel Giant Slalom (202±54 sec) and other snowboarding events (<60 sec). Conclusion: The frequency and severity of injuries were highest in the SBX competition. For injury prevention, we recommend increased focus on safety on the SBX course, consideration of weather and other environmental conditions, and a rapid emergency medical support response for injury management.
에너지와 농축수 저감을 고려한 FO-RO 최적 융합공정 연구 현황
고경완,장암 한국막학회 2015 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.05
역삼투법 해수담수화 기술은 에너지 소모 및 농축수 처리 문제로 인하여 기술 활용의 보급에 제한이 있는 실정이다. 해수·하수를 유도용액과 원수로써 사용하는 정·역삼투 융합공정은 별도의 유도용액이 필요하지 않으며 희석된 해수가 역삼투 공정의 원수로써 사용되기 때문에 일반적인 역삼투법 해수담수화 기술보다 낮은 압력에서 운전된다. 또한 역삼투 공정 후단에 정삼투 공정을 추가시킴으로써 농축수를 희석시킬 수 있으며 이로써 농축수 배출로 인한 문제점을 최소화 시킬 수 있다. 현재 국외에서는 Modern water, Porifera사 주도로 정삼투 모듈 개발 및 실용플랜트 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 국내의 경우 FOHC 연구단에서 해당 공정의 기본 메커니즘 및 실용화에 관한 연구가 이루어지고 있다.
지역 간 특성에 따른 소매점의 효율성 차이 및 결정요인 분석
고경완 ( Kyungwan Ko ),김대철 ( Dae Cheol Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2016 生産性論集 Vol.30 No.1
This study analyzes the relative efficiency of chain stores according to regional characteristics and identifies its factors. In this study, the efficiency of 321 chain stores is measured by DEA model and its factors are identified by Tobit regression model. Three inputs(store size, number of items, and number of employees) and two outputs(sales and number of customers) are used for the DEA model. As a result, only 3 ∼6% of the stores are efficient and the average technical efficiency score is 0.5968 and the average pure technical efficiency score is 0.6457. The efficiency of metropolitan stores is higher than that of small town stores and the efficiency of residential and commercial area stores is higher than that of residential area stores. In Tobit regression model, the DEA efficiency scores are used as dependent variables and five variables, namely store age, number of items per store size, number of items per employee, trade area index, and number of competitors are used as independent variables. The results show that store age, number of items per employee, trade area index, and number of competitors play a significant role in influencing stores` efficiency. All of five variables are statistically significant in metropolitan stores, but in small town stores so are two variables, namely store age and number of items per store size. In residential area stores number of items per store size, number of items per employee, and trade area index are statistically significant, but number of items per store size is not statistically significant in residential and commercial area stores. Managerial implications of the study are discussed.
DEA 모형을 활용한 소매점의 효율성 및 결정요인 분석
고경완(Kyungwan Ko),김대철(Daecheol Kim) 한국경영과학회 2014 經營 科學 Vol.31 No.4
This paper analyzes the operational efficiency of 91 individual retail stores in Seoul by a two-step procedure. In the first step, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is used to identify the efficiency scores. Three inputs (store size, number of items, and number of employees) and two outputs (sales and number of customers) are used for the efficiency measurement. In the second step, a Tobit regression model is used to identify the drivers of efficiency. DEA efficiency scores are used to test hypotheses on the impact of five independent variables, namely store age, number of items per store size, number of items per employee, trade area index, and number of competitors. Results of the Tobit analysis show that number of items per store size, number of items per employee, and number of competitors play a significant role in influencing the operational efficiency of retail stores. Managerial implications of the study are discussed.