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강희재(Hee Jae Kang) 한국진공학회 2018 진공 이야기 Vol.5 No.3
오제분광분석법은 반도체와 금속재료 물집에서 강력한 표면분석기술로 크게 기여하였다. 최근의 오제장비는 공간분해능 및 에너지 분해능에 있어서도 괄목할 만큼 향상되었다. 현재 SAM은 약 50만 배의 안정된 이미지 확대가 가능하며, 약 8㎚의 공간분해능으로 원소의 본뜨기상을 얻을 수 있으므로 나노소자 및 나노물질 분석에 매우 용이하게 사용되고 있다. 최근 전개효과를 이용한 전자원 (FE-emitter)과 에너지분석기에 multichannel detector를 결합시켜 S/N비를 저하시키지 않고도 분석 속도를 크게 증가시킴으로써, 전자빔에 의하여 유발되는 시료손장을 최소화하며, 공간분해능을 향상시키고 있다. 또한 입사전자의 에너지를 수백 eV로 내려 표면 최외각층만을 관찰할 수 있도록 하여, 세라믹이나, 반도체등에 사용하는 부도체 시료에서도 사용할 수 있도록 개발되고 있다. 한편 공간 분해능을 더욱 개선하고, 안정된 영상을 짧은 시간에 얻을 수 있으며, 낮은 에너지의 Ar 이온빔 스퍼터링으로 원자층 깊이분해능으로 식각하는 오제전자 분광기를 개발함으로써, 나노선, 나노콘과 다양한 나노구조체에서 의미 있는 화학적 특성을 밝히는데 기여 할 것으로 기대한다.
600MPa급과 800MPa급 전용착금속의 미세조직에 따른 수소지연파괴 거동
강희재 ( Hee Jae Kang ),이태우 ( Tae Woo Lee ),윤병현 ( Byung Hyun Yoon ),박서정 ( Seo Jeong Park ),장웅성 ( Woong Seong Chang ),조경목 ( Kyung Mox Cho ),강남현 ( Nam Hyun Kang ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.1
Hydrogen-delayed fracture (HDF) was analyzed from the deposited weld metals of 600-MPa and 800-MPa flux-cored arc (FCA) welding wires, and then from the diffusible hydrogen behavior of the weld zone. Two types of deposited weld metal, that is, rutile weld metal and alkali weld metal, were used for each strength level. Constant loading test (CLT) and thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) analysis were conducted on the hydrogen pre-charged specimens electrochemically for 72 h. The effects of microstructures such as acicular ferrite, grain-boundary ferrite, and low-temperature-transformation phase on the time-tofailure and amount of diffusible hydrogen were analyzed. The fracture time for hydrogen-purged specimens in the constant loading tests decreased as the grain size of acicular ferrite decreased. The major trapping site for diffusible hydrogen was the grain boundary, as determined by calculating the activation energies for hydrogen detrapping. As the strength was increased and alkali weld metal was used, the resistance to HDF decreased.
합금강관의 Energy Resistance Welding 용접조건에 따른 미세조직 거동 및 기계적 특성 연구
이경민,이동언,김성웅,윤병현,강희재,강남현,조경목,Lee, Kyung-Min,Lee, Dong-Eon,Kim, Sung-Woong,Yoon, Byung-Hyun,Kang, Hee-Jae,Kang, Nam-Hyun,Cho, Kyung-Mox 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.1
Energy resistance welding (ERW) is a pipe-producing process that has high productivity and low manufacturing cost. However, the high heat input of ERW degrades the mechanical property of the pipe. This study investigates the effect of heat input and alloying elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of ERW pipes. As the heat input increased, the ferrite amount increased. The ferrite amount in the weld centerline was larger than t at in the weld boundary. Medium carbon steels (S45C and K55) having 0.3~0.4wt.% carbon yielded a significant difference of ferrite amount in the weld centerline and weld boundary. High alloyed steels (DP780 and K55) having 1.5~1.6wt.% Mn showed a ferrite rich zone in the weld centerline. These phenomena are probably due to decarburization and demanganisation in the weld centerline. As the ferrite fraction increased, the hardness decreased a little for the S45C steels. In addition, DP780 steels and K55 steels showed that the hardness drops when those steels have a ferrite rich zone. But we demonstrated the good tensile property of the DP780 steels and K55 steels in which Mn is included.
김주한(Ju-Han Kim),김유리(Yoo-Ri Kim),강희재(Hee-Jae Kang),김진수(Jin-Soo Kim),이정배(Jung-Bae Lee) 대한전기학회 2021 전기학회논문지 Vol.70 No.10
Energy Efficiency Resource Standards(EERS) has been implemented in various countries such as the United States and Italy, and pilot projects are being implemented in Korea. Nevertheless, the legal basis of Korean EERS is vulnerable and there is insufficient discussion about the factors that make up the EERS policy. In consideration of the environment in Korea, the government should adopt an optimal method depending on the extent to which factors are applied. In addition, a reasonable target level and a cost recovery program should be established through agreement with the responsible entities to develop sustainable policy framework.
XPS를 이용한 TiN / Cu의 Grain boundary diffusion 연구
임관용(Kwanyong Lim),이연승(Youn-Seoung Lee),정용덕(Yong-Duck Chung),이경민(Kyungmin Lee),황정남(Chung-Nam Whang),최범식(Bum-Sik Choi),원정연(Jeungyun Won),강희재(Hee-Jae Kang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.2
TiN을 Cu의 확산방지막으로 사용하기 위해 많은 연구가 되어왔는데, 이 연구에서는 특히 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용하여 TiN박막에서의 Cu의 확산현상을 연구하였다. TiN 박막은 일반적으로 columnar grain을 형성하면서 성장을 하는데, 녹는점의 1/3에 해당하는 비교적 낮은 온도에서는 grain들의 경계를 따라 Cu가 확산함을 확인하였다. Atomic force microscopy(AFM)를 이용하여 grain의 모양을 관찰하였고, 이 grain boundary를 통한 확산 현상을 연구하기 위하여, modified surface accumulation method를 이용하였다. 연구 결과, TiN박막에서의 Cu의 grain boundary diffusion의 활성화 에너지 Q_b는 0.23 eV, Diffusivity D_(bo)는 5.5×10^(-12) ㎠/sec의 값을 얻었다. TiN has been investigated as a good candidate for a diffusion barrier of Cu. Therefore, in this study, the grain boundary diffusion of Cu in TiN film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In general, TiN has a columnar grain structure. In the relatively lower temperature, less than 1/3 of the melting point, it was observed that Cu diffused into TiN mainly along the grain boundaries of TiN. The grain size of TiN was measured by atomic force microscope (AFM). In order to estimate the grain boundary diffusion constants, we used the modified surface accumulation method. The activation energy, Q_b was 0.23 eV, and the diffusivity, D_(bo) was 5.5×10^(-12) ㎠/sec.